From knowledge to wealth : transforming Russian science and technology for a modern knowledge economy

Russia possesses a sophisticated science and technology (S&T) infrastructure (research capability, technically trained workforce, and technical research universities) which, even today, is a world leader in many fields. Despite this world class basic research capacity, Russia's exports are primarily raw materials. At a time when wealth depends to an increasing degree on knowledge, Russia does not have an effective system for converting its scientific capacity into wealth. Russia's S&T resources are isolated bureaucratically (they are deployed in the rigid hierarchical system devised in the 1920s to mobilize resources for rapid state-planned industrial development and national defense), functionally (there are few links between the supply of S&T output by research institutes and the demand for S&T by Russian or foreign enterprises), and geographically (many assets are located in formerly closed cities or isolated science/atomic cities). Overcoming these inefficiencies and adjusting the S&T system to the demands of a market economy will require a major program of institutional and sectoral reform. Part I of this paper describes the ambiguous legacy of the Soviet S&T system and the status of the Russian S&T sector after 10 years of transition. Part II describes the evolution of the Russian system of intellectual property rights protection from Soviet times to the present and argues that Russia will never develop a successful commercialization program until it clarifies the ownership of the large stock of intellectual property funded with federal budget resources. Part III outlines a comprehensive 10-point sectoral reform program to improve the efficiency of government research and development spending and link the Russian S&T system with market forces.ICT Policy and Strategies,Public Health Promotion,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,General Technology,ICT Policy and Strategies,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Science Education,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,General Technology

Telecommunication technology and the professional development of teachers : challenge and opportunity

The thesis explores an effective model for using the internet in a distance training program for secondary school teachers. The professional development program, the dissertation, titled The Virtual University: Professional development for teachers, was initiated based on aspects of telecommunication technology and the professional development for Thai school teachers. The question of this program was “How could information technology be used in developing an appropriate professional development model for Thai teachers?” Prior to the project, the four research studies were conducted to formulate the related base line information and supported framework for the program development. The four researches are: (1) Telecommunication Technology in Thai Schools, (2) The Role of University on Science Teachers Development, (3) Computer Education Curriculum for Student Teachers: Theory and Practice, and (4) Teachers’ Perceptions of the Academic Link Project Between Schools and Universities for Teacher Professional Development. The first research study provides the information about the necessary basic factors for change in Thai secondary schools and the new insights and understandings about change in Thai schooling. The major findings were the understandings about teachers’ need for professional development, the available support in Thai school for professional development, and the limitations of professional development of teachers. The second research study provides the information about the roles of university faculty on initiation and operation of science teacher development programs, science teaching and learning resources centers, science instructional media design and production services, science teaching clinics, and science teachers’ associations. The third research study provides the conceptual framework for both preservice and inservice curriculum development program for teacher development. The last research study provides a base of descriptive information about the perspectives of school teachers towards the academic link project between schools and universities and the partnership which can assist in its establishment. The findings of these four research tasks were used for the formation of the framework of the dissertation. The EDNET Project, an example of teachers’ professional development through the information technology based training, was developed and implemented with ten school teachers in Khon Kaen

CHECK PROCESSING AS AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY: CRITICAL REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA

Current management science models fail to adequately recognize that treasury management related to check payments has largely become an information management activity. Check processing operations lack the flexibility to capture information which can be used by treasury managers to make the most effective utilization of check-related funds. This argument is developed by examining the fit between management science models and check processing practice in the U.S. banking industry, as well as at the Federal Reserve Bank, in view of the changes that information technology has wrought and the problems it has the potential to solve. We critique models for inbound and outbound check processing and treasury management for checks, and conclude that models which link check processing and treasury management models hold out significant promise for improving management control.Information Systems Working Papers Serie

Telenursing Using Mobile Phone Features For Medication Adherence Tuberculosis Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: The Direct Observation of Therapy (DOT) is recommended by World Health Organization to observe directly the medication adherence of TB patient which is conducted by health personnel, but limited health personnel and patient barriers to access treatment causes the role of DOT is diverted to the family, so it is less effective. Telenursing based mobile phone features can be used for remote DOT because mobile phone is a communication technology commonly used by people around the world an has various features. Method: Searching article in electronic database; Ebscho, Science direct, ProQuest, Pub Med, Wiley, Springer Link, dan Journal Ners limited range of the last 10 years 2007 to 2017. Result:From 15 journals conducted review the number of samples vary between 30-6.203 respondents and duration of intervention by telenursing based mobile phone features (Short Message Service, Telephone, and Videophone) between 2 months up to 18 months. All research releted with telenursing is effective as DOT and improve the medication adherence of TB patients through mobile phone features. Conclusion: Telenursing based mobile phone features can be implemented to DOT in medication adherence of TB patients with direct observation by health personne

Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions for chronic pain:A systematic literature review

Background We systematically reviewed all literature concerning online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions for chronic pain to evaluate their (1) ACT content, (2) design characteristics, (3) design rationales, and (4) adherence. Material and methods: A systematic search was performed on July 9th, 2020 in; PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Search terms related to: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, chronic pain, and eHealth. Extracted data concerned ACT content, design characteristics, adherence, and design rationales. Results 20 articles, in which 14 interventions were described, met all inclusion criteria. Adherence and design rationales were described to a limited extent in the included studies. In total, the majority provided an overview of the included ACT processes. In 10 articles it was described that the intervention was delivered via a dedicated website (n = 10), which was sometimes combined with an app (n = 3). Guidance was included in most studies (n = 19). Studies including RCT's (n = 8) reported online ACT interventions to be effective. Conclusion Online ACT interventions for chronic pain have been shown to be effective and have generally been constructed in line with ACT theory. However, the majority of studies does not provide information about the choices to optimize the fit between task, technology, and user. Considerations behind the choices for intervention features as well as design rationales could help to optimize future online ACT interventions. Additionally, consistent attention should be paid to measurement and operationalization of adherence, since this is a crucial link between content, design and effectiveness

Spirituality, Organisational Climate and Religious Tourism

This contribution discusses spirituality in the context of organisations and issues that may arise with regard to those who, in the future will act in the field of religious tourism. In this way, it presents a proposal in terms of motivation, joy, inner peace and deeper understanding. Initially the work adopts the deductive method with descriptive research based on literature addressing the spirituality inherent in those who exercise or will carry out activities in this important tourism segment. A survey was carried out to explore the close connections between spirituality and religiousness, and link this to the behaviour and practices of those who will work in the sector. The focus of such research was the organisational climate prevailing in a Brazilian educational institution, the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Roraima, aiming to understand the importance of spirituality in the work environment, resulting in effective commitment and improvement of individual productivity in the exercising of their functions. At this institution, an undergraduate course in tourism management technology is taught. The results of examining participants in this programme, duly quantified and critically analysed, can serve as a reference for similar studies aimed at understanding the importance of personal Religion-Spirituality-Religiosity and connect this with the performance of religious tourism, particularly in developing countries analogous to that of the emerging nation as characterized by Brazil

Smartphone-Based Intervention to Support Cal Poly Ethnic Minority Students and Psychophysiological Validation Project

This project is an interdisciplinary effort between Psychology and Computer Science. Experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination is a key stressor placing Asian- and Latino-heritage college students at risk for poor mental and physical health. Two major gaps in the literature are a lack of understanding regarding: 1) how discrimination is linked to poor health outcomes (i.e., we must move beyond studies showing a correlational link between discrimination and poor health), and 2) what are protective factors that can attenuate these links? To address these two major limitations, this research project is significant in two ways. First, in the proposed psychophysiology study, we will test a theory-based mediational model to explain how discrimination is related to poorer psychological and physical health among Asian- and Latinoheritage college students at Cal Poly. Second, in another ongoing study, we are testing whether a smartphone-based self-affirmation writing intervention is effective in buffering against the negative health effects of discrimination. These results will provide important information regarding how a ubiquitous mobile technology (the smartphone) may be a developmentallyappropriate method of delivering an intervention aimed at improving the health outcomes of Asian- and Latina-heritage Cal Poly college students. The equipment purchased for this project will be used for: 1) the proposed and future psychophysiological studies, and 2) laboratory activities in the following courses: Psy 340 Biopsychology, Psy 320 Health Psychology, and Psy 329 Research Methods in Psychology

Why personal dreams matter:How professionals affectively engage with the promises surrounding data-driven healthcare in Europe

Recent buzzes around big data, data science and artificial intelligence portray a data-driven future for healthcare. As a response, Europe's key players have stimulated the use of big data technologies to make healthcare more efficient and effective. Critical Data Studies and Science and Technology Studies have developed many concepts to reflect on such overly positive narratives and conduct critical policy evaluations. In this study, we argue that there is also much to be learned from studying how professionals in the healthcare field affectively engage with this strong European narrative in concrete big data projects. We followed twelve hospital-based big data pilots in eight European countries and interviewed 145 professionals (including legal, governance and ethical experts, healthcare staff and data scientists) between 2018 and 2020. In this study, we introduce the metaphor of dreams to describe how professionals link the big data promises to their own frustrations, ideas, values and experiences with healthcare. Our research answers the question: how do professionals in concrete data-driven initiatives affectively engage with European Union's data hopes in their ‘dreams’ – and with what consequences? We describe the dreams of being seen, of timeliness, of connectedness and of being in control. Each of these dreams emphasizes certain aspects of the grand narrative of big data in Europe, makes particular assumptions and has different consequences. We argue that including attention to these dreams in our work could help shine an additional critical light on the big data developments and stimulate the development of responsible data-driven healthcare

Absolute frequency measurements with a robust, transportable ^{40}Ca^{+} optical clock

We constructed a transportable 40Ca+ optical clock (with an estimated minimum systematic shift uncertainty of 1.3*10^(-17) and a stability of 5*10^(-15)/sqrt{tau} ) that can operate outside the laboratory. We transported it from the Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan to the National Institute of Metrology, Beijing. The absolute frequency of the 729 nm clock transition was measured for up to 35 days by tracing its frequency to the second of International System of Units. Some improvements were implemented in the measurement process, such as the increased effective up-time of 91.3 % of the 40Ca+ optical clock over a 35-day-period, the reduced statistical uncertainty of the comparison between the optical clock and hydrogen maser, and the use of longer measurement times to reduce the uncertainty of the frequency traceability link. The absolute frequency measurement of the 40Ca+ optical clock yielded a value of 411042129776400.26 (13) Hz with an uncertainty of 3.2*10^(-16), which is reduced by a factor of 1.7 compared with our previous results. As a result of the increase in the operating rate of the optical clock, the accuracy of 35 days of absolute frequency measurement can be comparable to the best results of different institutions in the world based on different optical frequency measurements.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Future research perspectives on environment and health: the requirement for a more expansive concept of translational cancer research

The last two decades have seen exciting advances in understanding the human genome, aided by the development of powerful analytical laboratory tools. These advances have enabled genome-wide association studies to link specific genetic variants with an altered risk of cancer. Unfortunately there has not been an analogous refinement of tools on such a comprehensive scale to permit an equally thorough investigation of environmental factors, yet it is known that these play a major role in cancer etiology. This limitation led to the suggested need for an exposome to match the genome. Major advances both in understanding mechanisms of carcinogenesis as well as in the technology to investigate these underlying steps in the disease process offer the potential to redress this imbalance between exposome and genome. This is all the more important in order to fully exploit the large prospective cohort studies with biological specimens now being established to investigate the environmental and genetic basis of common chronic diseases. Currently translational cancer research is understood to equate to a “bench to bedside” process, focused on improved clinical management of cancer. Unfortunately, alone, this is an inadequate response to the growing burden of cancer worldwide. Priority also needs to be placed on understanding the causes of cancer, its prevention and, critically, how to implement promising interventions into health care structures. The need therefore is to translate basic science to the population in parallel to the translation into the clinic. This “two-way” translational cancer research encourages the common soil of basic science to be applied both to the prevention of cancer and to its treatment. In this way the notable advances in relation to carcinogenesis will yield a richer benefit to society through balanced initiatives to understand the causes and prevention of cancer in addition to more effective treatment and care of those people developing the disease