45 research outputs found

    Environmental Security and its Implications for China’s Foreign Relations

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    China’s emerging standing in the world demands a major rethinking of its diplomatic strategies. Given its population size, geographical scale, economic power and military presence, China is poised to play a larger political role in the twenty-first century, and is thus perceived by the international community to have greater capacities, capabilities and responsibilities. At the same time, environmental stresses caused by China’s energy and resources demands have become increasingly evident in recent years, urging China to cultivate delicate diplomatic relations with its neighbors and strategic partners. Tensions have been seen in areas such as transboundary air pollution, cross-border water resources management and resources exploitation, and more recently in global issues such as climate change. As the Chinese leadership begins to embrace the identity of a responsible developing country, it is becoming apparent that while unabated resources demands and environmental deterioration may pose a great threat to environmental security, a shared sense of urgency could foster enhanced cooperation. For China to move beyond existing and probable diplomatic tensions, a greater attention to domestic and regional environmental security will no doubt be necessary. This article explores such interrelations among domestic, regional and global environmental securities and China’s diplomacy, and suggests possible means by which China could contribute to strengthening global environmental security.Acid Rain, Climate Change, Energy, Environmental Security, Transboundary Air Pollution, Water Resource Management, Asia

    Environmental Security and its Implications for China’s Foreign Relations

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    China’s emerging standing in the world demands a major rethinking of its diplomatic strategies. Given its population size, geographical scale, economic power and military presence, China is poised to play a larger political role in the twenty-first century, and is thus perceived by the international community to have greater capacities, capabilities and responsibilities. At the same time, environmental stresses caused by China’s energy and resources demands have become increasingly evident in recent years, urging China to cultivate delicate diplomatic relations with its neighbors and strategic partners. Tensions have been seen in areas such as transboundary air pollution, cross-border water resources management and resources exploitation, and more recently in global issues such as climate change. As the Chinese leadership begins to embrace the identity of a responsible developing country, it is becoming apparent that while unabated resources demands and environmental deterioration may pose a great threat to environmental security, a shared sense of urgency could foster enhanced cooperation. For China to move beyond existing and probable diplomatic tensions, a greater attention to domestic and regional environmental security will no doubt be necessary. This article explores such interrelations among domestic, regional and global environmental securities and China’s diplomacy, and suggests possible means by which China could contribute to strengthening global environmental security.

    New international political economy and the Greater Pearl River Delta.

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    Law, Wai Hin.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-109).Abstracts in English and Chinese.AbstractTable of ContentList of AbbreviationPrefaceChapter Chapter One --- IntroductionChapter 1.1 --- Aim of StudyChapter 1.2 --- Theoretical approachChapter 1.3 --- MethodologyChapter 1.4 --- SignificanceChapter Chapter Two --- TheoryChapter 2.1 --- International Political Economy (IPE)Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mainstream IPEChapter 2.1.2 --- New IPEChapter 2.2 --- About theorizing change of the Greater Pearl River DeltaChapter 2.3 --- RegionChapter 2.3.1 --- GlobalizationChapter 2.3.2 --- Regional integrationChapter 2.3.3 --- Regional integration in East AsiaChapter 2.3.4 --- Sub-regional integration in East AsiaChapter 2.4 --- National and sub-national Politics and centre-local relation: ChinaChapter 2.5 --- SummaryChapter Chapter Three --- Substantive Focus: the integration of the GPRD from the early 1980s to2004Chapter 3.1 --- The integration of Hong Kong/Macau and the Pearl River Delta beforeChapter 3.2 --- A period of break between 1997-2001Chapter 3.3 --- A new phase of development starting from 2002Chapter Chapter Four --- Evaluation of New International Political EconomyChapter Chapter Five --- Conclusio

    Asian Yearbook of International Law, Volume 2 (1992)

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    The Asian Yearbook of International Law is a major refereed publication dedicated to international law issues as seen primarily from an Asian perspective. Readership: Academics and practitioners who deal with international public law in Asia will appreciate this unique, complete resource. The Asian Yearbook of International Law provides insight into Asian views and practices, especially for non-Asian readers, and also promotes the dissemination of knowledge of international law in Asia

    The Theory and Practice of Free Economic Zones : A Case Study of Tianjin, People's Republic of China

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    Diese Dissertation erörtert die Entwicklung und Struktur von Freiwirtschaftszonen auf internationaler, nationaler und lokaler Ebene. Sie besteht aus 3 Teilen: In Teil A wird zunĂ€chst die weltwirtschaftliche Integration und ihr VerhĂ€ltnis zu Freiwirtschaftszonen dargestellt, um ihre dominierende Rolle in der Weltwirtschaft und ihrem Entwicklungstrend zu erlĂ€utern. Ein strukturelles und rĂ€umliches Entwicklungsmodell fĂŒr Freiwirtschaftszonen auf internationaler Ebene wird herausgearbeitet auf Grund einer allgemeinen Definition, eines Faktorensystems und einer systematischen Typisierung von Freiwirtschaftszonen, was die frĂŒheren Studien ergĂ€nzt und ein nĂŒtzliches Beispiel chinesischer Freiwirtschaftszonen zur VerfĂŒgung stellt. In Teil B steht die nationale Ebene im Mittelpunkt. Die Notwendigkeit zur Errichtung von Freiwirtschaftszonen in China wird am besten in einem RĂŒckblick auf die wirtschaftliche und regionale Entwicklungspolitik Chinas seit 1949/50 dargestellt, unter besonderer BerĂŒcksichtigung des Zeitraums seit 1978. Das Entstehen und die allgemeinen Charakteristika der chinesischen Freiwirtschaftszonen wird auf der Grundlage von Hauptfaktoren und einem Vergleich mit Freiwirtschaftszonen weltweit dargestellt. Im Ergebnis stellt dieser Teil 20 Jahre Erfahrung Chinas mit Freiwirtschaftszonen und ihrer Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dar. Teil C gibt einen kurzen historischen Überblick der urbanen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung Tjanjins wĂ€hrend der letzten 100 Jahre wieder. Dies liefert den Hintergrund fĂŒr das VerstĂ€ndnis der wirtschaftlichen und politischen Situation, die zur GrĂŒndung von TEDA (Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area) und ihrer Entwicklung seit 1984 fĂŒhrte. Hier werden die Erfolge und Probleme von TEDA bis 2000 bewertet. Aus dieser Bewertung werden einige Konzepte entwickelt. Zum Schluss werden die empirischen Auswirkungen von TEDA auf die Freiwirtschaftszonen der Welt erörtert. Die Erfahrungen mit TEDA könnten eine Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung von Theorie und Praxis von Freiwirtschaftszonen in China und der ĂŒbrigen Welt sein

    External incentives, industrial development and regional economic integration

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    The revival of regional integration in the European Community (EC) in the early 1980s has brought about profound implications for the development of regional integration and its related theory. Firstly, European industry searching to promote its competitiveness highlighted the need for a "European-level" solution to European economic decline and contributions to the relaunching of European integration. Secondly, as a result of the renewed momentum for regional integration, external factors which were neglected by previous efforts in theory-exploration, have become more noticeable in the process of regional integration.The purpose of this thesis about external factors is to analyse to what extent the progress of regional integration is driven by the private sector. The relaunching of European integration which brought about the successful  passage of the Single European Act has demonstrated the crucial contribution of the business community to  accelerating  the progress of integration.This thesis further offers an analysis of the proposition that the impact of external factors on industrial development is the key to understanding the process of creating the Chinese Economic Area (CEA). It explores the argument  that instead of being motivated by political factors, the process of regional integration is primarily stimulated by  industrial development in the private sector. It concludes by suggesting a new focus for the study of regional  integration - the "external incentives-industrial development" approach, and comparative insights into the EC and  the CEA

    Relative Gains Problem and Case Studies of Economic Cooperation in East Asia

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    Relative gains problem basically means unequal cooperative payoffs disproportionately favoring partners. With the relative gains problem widely accepted as a serious impediment to international cooperation, some scholars have theoretically argued or modeled several conditions that are most likely to foster a state\u27s sensitivity to relative gains and thus substantially affect the prospects for cooperation. But little empirical work has been done to date. The central objective of this dissertation is to test whether those theoretical propositions can be supported by empirical evidence. For this purpose, we have deducted three hypotheses: (1) If a state faces military threat and zero-sum political competition from another state, then it will be extremely sensitive to relative gains, thereby restricting economic interactions favoring the rival state; (2) If a state believes that its partner is a rising power in a changed system, then it will show increasing sensitivity to relative gains and seek for its bargaining power; and (3) If a cooperative arrangement is likely to put a state in a competitive disadvantage and hurt its long-term growth, then it will be acutely sensitive to such relative losses and will not cooperate. The hypothesized causal relationships are tested via three cases: Taiwan\u27s restriction of its economic interactions with China since 1979, Japan\u27s reduction of its ODA commitment to China in the fourth loan package, and China\u27s rejection of the flying geese model since the mid-1980s. The hypotheses in both Taiwan and ODA cases are strongly supported by the evidence, while the evidence for actual policy outcomes (i.e., non-cooperation) in the flying geese model is mixed. Therefore, the relative gains approach has a formal deductive logic and parsimonious power in analyzing cooperation barriers in East Asia. The study has also three policy implications. First, largely because of defensive cooperation, relative gains concerns do not always jeopardize or eliminate cooperation. Second, even high relative gains concerns may not be fully reflected in policy outcomes, since the extent to which they are ultimately translated into policy is constrained by many other factors. And third, due to strong relative gains concerns, no formal economic bloc in East Asia could be created in the near future, and the continuation of US military presence in the region is highly necessary

    Harmonious Intervention: Pragmatism and Political Culture of China\u27s East Asian Order

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    The 21st century began with two major features--global governance and China rising. An important aspect for investigating if China will turn into a responsible great power or the contrary is to see how China deals with pariah states which have been targets of international intervention. Yet China seems to fail the expectation by blocking proposals of interventions in the Security Council. The main task of this dissertation is to investigate why China holds negative attitude toward intervention via coercive means on so-called pariah states. This research project firstly investigates the realist assumption that China rejects to support intervention for immediate and apparent material interests. The second level of investigation is pillared by constructivism and focuses on the power of social pressure and China\u27s relations with the target states. The third level is looking for the answers from inner perspectives, i.e. China\u27s evaluation of the cases of intervention and how such evaluation is shaped by Chinese worldview and political culture. The two cases selected are North Korea and Myanmar. This dissertation provides evidences via detailed case studies and nullifies the conventional explanations. It further depicts the Chinese pattern of intervention and the specific style constructed on China\u27s pursuit of relational security. The finding of this research should contribute to the theoretical and empirical studies of the evolution and diversity of global governance

    The Planning Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Urban Form based on Space Production Theory

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