La importancia de la tribología en la mecánica industrial

Tribology from a traditional form has existed since the beginning of history, however, an exact date cannot be clearly specified in which its developments appeared, its beginnings with findings of fire, with the invention of carriage wheels and bearings. sliding, the application of natural liquids to reduce friction and wear, are very sophisticated tribological inventions that are discovered before the common era (b.c.). The objective of this research was based on analyzing the importance of tribology in industrial mechanics. The methodology used in the following work is based on documentary-type bibliographic research, where a development scheme was carried out, the documentary information was collected from the Google Scholar platform and the Scielo and Redalyc platforms, using keywords and/or descriptors such as: tribology, friction between surfaces, lubricants, tribology in industrial mechanics, etc. It was possible to clearly understand the concept of tribology in industrial mechanics, its applications were described, as well as the advantages of tribology in the industrial sector, finally it is mentioned that tribology can be defined as the science and technology that studies the phenomena of friction and wear that occur between surfaces that interact with relative movements. Keywords: Tribology, industrial mechanics, friction, wear.La tribología desde una forma tradicional ha existido desde el comienzo de la historia sin embargo no se puede especificar con claridad una fecha exacta en la que aparecieran sus desarrollos, sus inicios con hallazgos del fuego, con la invención de las ruedas para carruajes y el cojinete de deslizamiento, la aplicación de líquidos naturales para disminuir el rozamiento y el desgaste, son invenciones tribológicas muy sofisticados que se descubren antes de la era común (a.c). El objetivo de esta investigación se basó en analizar la importancia de la tribología en la mecánica industrial. La metodología empleada en el siguiente trabajo se basa en una investigación de carácter bibliográfico tipo documental, donde se realizó un esquema de desarrollo, la información documental se recopilo de la plataforma Google Académico y las plataformas de Scielo y Redalyc, utilizando palabras claves y/o descriptores tales como: tribología, fricción entre superficies, lubricantes, la tribología en la mecánica industrial, etc. Se pudo comprender con claridad el concepto de tribología en la mecánica industrial, se describieron sus aplicaciones, así como también las ventajas de la tribología en el sector industrial, finalmente se menciona que, la tribología se puede definir como la ciencia y la tecnología que estudia los fenómenos de fricción y desgaste que ocurren entre superficies que interactúan con movimientos relativos. Palabras clave: Tribología, mecánica industrial, fricción, desgaste. Abstract Tribology from a traditional form has existed since the beginning of history, however, an exact date cannot be clearly specified in which its developments appeared, its beginnings with findings of fire, with the invention of carriage wheels and bearings. sliding, the application of natural liquids to reduce friction and wear, are very sophisticated tribological inventions that are discovered before the common era (b.c.). The objective of this research was based on analyzing the importance of tribology in industrial mechanics. The methodology used in the following work is based on documentary-type bibliographic research, where a development scheme was carried out, the documentary information was collected from the Google Scholar platform and the Scielo and Redalyc platforms, using keywords and/or descriptors such as: tribology, friction between surfaces, lubricants, tribology in industrial mechanics, etc. It was possible to clearly understand the concept of tribology in industrial mechanics, its applications were described, as well as the advantages of tribology in the industrial sector, finally it is mentioned that tribology can be defined as the science and technology that studies the phenomena of friction and wear that occur between surfaces that interact with relative movements. Keywords: Tribology, industrial mechanics, friction, wear. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 16 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023

Aluminium extrusion analysis by the finite volume method

Present work proposes a novel numerical scheme to calculate stress and velocity fields of metal flow in axisymmetric extrusion process in steady state. Extrusion of aluminium is one main metal forming process largely applied in manufacturing bars and products with complex cross section shape. The upper-bound, slab, slip-line methods and more recently the numerical methods such as the Finite Element Method have been commonly applied in aluminium extrusion analysis. However, recently in the academy, the Finite Volume Method has been developed for metal flow analysis: literature suggests that extrusion of metals can be modelled by the flow formulation. Hence, metal flow can be mathematically modelled such us an incompressible non linear viscous fluid, owing to volume constancy and varying viscosity in metal forming. The governing equations were discretized by the Finite Volume Method, using the Explicit MacCormack Method in structured and collocated mesh. The MacCormack Method is commonly used to simulate compressible fluid flow by the finite volume method. However, metal plastic flow and incompressible fluid flow do not present state equations for the evolution of pressure, and therefore, a velocity-pressure coupling method is necessary to obtain a consistent velocity and pressure fields. The SIMPLE Method was applied to attain pressure-velocity coupling. This new numerical scheme was applied to forward hot extrusion process of an aluminium alloy. The metal extrusion velocity fields achieved fast convergence and a good agreement with experimental results. The MacCormack Method applied to metal extrusion produced consistent results without the need of artificial viscosity as employed by the compressible flow simulation approaches. Therefore, present numerical results also suggest that MacCormack method together with SIMPLE method can be applied in the solution of metal forming processes in addition to the traditional application for compressible fluid flow

Simulation of broaching operations for tool design optimization

In this study, an approach for simulation of broaching operations is presented. The proposed approach calculates the cutting forces, power, maximum stress at the tooth root, chip thickness and rake angle distribution on all teeth, and the workpiece geometry evolution during the process. The developed algorithms are integrated in a computer software that can simulate a whole broaching process to predict various physical parameters and generate some performance measures. The model which is used to optimize the broaching process is briefly presented here together with the industrial applications

PIV measurements of the effect of pulsed blowing jet on a NACA0012 wing model

Wingtip vortices are present in taking off, and landing operations and their presence in airport runways must be reduced. To that end, several strategies have been considered in the last decades, being the active control one possible technical solution. To compute the effectiveness of active control that corresponds to pulsed low-blowing-ratio transverse jet for the reduction of the wingtip vortex strength, we carry out 2D-PIV measurements in a towing tank for chord-based Reynolds numbers 15000 and 20000. We consider two cases: (i) no active control Rjet=0 and (ii) pulsating radial jet of blowing-ratio Rjet smaller than 1.7 (or momentum coefficient lower than 0.12) and different Strouhal numbers ranging from 0.27 to 0.94. Our observations show that the best reduction of wingtip vortex strength takes place at the lowest Strouhal number tested. We use the maximum azimuthal velocity and vorticity together with the circulation to quantify this decrease in the vortex strength. Besides, we define the spatial evolution of a disturbance parameter which allow us to detect again the optimal frequency that leads to vortex destruction.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Recent Achievements in Numerical Simulation in Sheet Metal Forming Processes

Purpose of this paper: During the recent 10-15 years, Computer Aided Process Planning and Die Design evolved as one of the most important engineering tools in sheet metal forming, particularly in the automotive industry. This emerging role is strongly emphasized by the rapid development of Finite Element Modelling, as well. The purpose of this paper is to give a general overview about the recent achievements in this very important field of sheet metal forming and to introduce some special results in this development activity. Design/methodology/approach: Concerning the CAE activities in sheet metal forming, there are two main approaches: one of them may be regarded as knowledge based process planning, whilst the other as simulation based process planning. The author attempts to integrate these two separate developments in knowledge and simulation based approach by linking commercial CAD and FEM systems. Findings: Applying the above approach a more powerful and efficient process planning and die design solution can be achieved radically reducing the time and cost of product development cycle and improving product quality. Research limitations: Due to the different modelling approaches in CAD and FEM systems, the biggest challenge is to enhance the robustness of data exchange capabilities between various systems to provide an even more streamlined information flow. Practical implications: The proposed integrated solutions have great practical importance to improve the global competitiveness of sheet metal forming in the very important segment of industry. Originality/value: The concept described in this paper may have specific value both for process planning and die design engineers

Flow Control Applications

Flow control has a long history with many successes across a plethora of applications. This report addresses the characteristics of the approaches that are actually used, why they are used, the many approaches that are not used, and why. Analysis indicates ways forward to increase applicability/usefulness, and efficiency of flow control research. Overall, greater and more effective progress in flow control requires utilization of far more detailed information early in the research process regarding application details and requirements

KBS Development

The Knowledge Based System (KBS) has two main objectives, the provision of easy access to all the industrial and scientific codes through an executive program, and the provision of an easy to use user interface for the analysis codes. The user interface is designed to minimize the effort expended in dealing with the mechanics of using a computer, allowing the user to concentrate on seal design and analysis

A new adaptive response surface method for reliability analysis

Response surface method is a convenient tool to assess reliability for a wide range of structural mechanical problems. More specifically, adaptive schemes which consist in iteratively refine the experimental design close to the limit state have received much attention. However, it is generally difficult to take into account a lot of variables and to well handle approximation error. The method, proposed in this paper, addresses these points using sparse response surface and a relevant criterion for results accuracy. For this purpose, a response surface is built from an initial Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) where the most significant terms are chosen from statistical criteria and cross-validation method. At each step, LHS is refined in a region of interest defined with respect to an importance level on probability density in the design point. Two convergence criteria are used in the procedure: The first one concerns localization of the region and the second one the response surface quality. Finally, a bootstrap method is used to determine the influence of the response error on the estimated probability of failure. This method is applied to several examples and results are discussed