21,763 research outputs found
Ninja: Automated Integrand Reduction via Laurent Expansion for One-Loop Amplitudes
We present the public C++ library Ninja, which implements the Integrand
Reduction via Laurent Expansion method for the computation of one-loop
integrals. The algorithm is suited for applications to complex one-loop
processes.Comment: Published versio
Iterative structure of finite loop integrals
In this paper we develop further and refine the method of differential
equations for computing Feynman integrals. In particular, we show that an
additional iterative structure emerges for finite loop integrals. As a concrete
non-trivial example we study planar master integrals of light-by-light
scattering to three loops, and derive analytic results for all values of the
Mandelstam variables and and the mass . We start with a recent
proposal for defining a basis of loop integrals having uniform transcendental
weight properties and use this approach to compute all planar two-loop master
integrals in dimensional regularization. We then show how this approach can be
further simplified when computing finite loop integrals. This allows us to
discuss precisely the subset of integrals that are relevant to the problem. We
find that this leads to a block triangular structure of the differential
equations, where the blocks correspond to integrals of different weight. We
explain how this block triangular form is found in an algorithmic way. Another
advantage of working in four dimensions is that integrals of different loop
orders are interconnected and can be seamlessly discussed within the same
formalism. We use this method to compute all finite master integrals needed up
to three loops. Finally, we remark that all integrals have simple Mandelstam
representations.Comment: 26 pages plus appendices, 5 figure
Reconstructing Rational Functions with
We present the open-source library for the
reconstruction of multivariate rational functions over finite fields. We
discuss the involved algorithms and their implementation. As an application, we
use in the context of integration-by-parts reductions and
compare runtime and memory consumption to a fully algebraic approach with the
program .Comment: 46 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables; v2: matches published versio
Efficient computation of highly oscillatory integrals by using QTT tensor approximation
We propose a new method for the efficient approximation of a class of highly
oscillatory weighted integrals where the oscillatory function depends on the
frequency parameter , typically varying in a large interval. Our
approach is based, for fixed but arbitrary oscillator, on the pre-computation
and low-parametric approximation of certain -dependent prototype
functions whose evaluation leads in a straightforward way to recover the target
integral. The difficulty that arises is that these prototype functions consist
of oscillatory integrals and are itself oscillatory which makes them both
difficult to evaluate and to approximate. Here we use the quantized-tensor
train (QTT) approximation method for functional -vectors of logarithmic
complexity in in combination with a cross-approximation scheme for TT
tensors. This allows the accurate approximation and efficient storage of these
functions in the wide range of grid and frequency parameters. Numerical
examples illustrate the efficiency of the QTT-based numerical integration
scheme on various examples in one and several spatial dimensions.Comment: 20 page
Numerical evaluation of multi-loop integrals by sector decomposition
In a recent paper we have presented an automated subtraction method for
divergent multi-loop/leg integrals in dimensional regularisation which allows
for their numerical evaluation, and applied it to diagrams with massless
internal lines. Here we show how to extend this algorithm to Feynman diagrams
with massive propagators and arbitrary propagator powers. As applications, we
present numerical results for the master 2-loop 4-point topologies with massive
internal lines occurring in Bhabha scattering at two loops, and for the master
integrals of planar and non-planar massless double box graphs with two
off-shell legs. We also evaluate numerically some two-point functions up to 5
loops relevant for beta-function calculations, and a 3-loop 4-point function,
the massless on-shell planar triple box. Whereas the 4-point functions are
evaluated in non-physical kinematic regions, the results for the propagator
functions are valid for arbitrary kinematics.Comment: 15 pages latex, 11 eps figures include
Feynman Diagrams and Differential Equations
We review in a pedagogical way the method of differential equations for the
evaluation of D-dimensionally regulated Feynman integrals. After dealing with
the general features of the technique, we discuss its application in the
context of one- and two-loop corrections to the photon propagator in QED, by
computing the Vacuum Polarization tensor exactly in D. Finally, we treat two
cases of less trivial differential equations, respectively associated to a
two-loop three-point, and a four-loop two-point integral. These two examples
are the playgrounds for showing more technical aspects about: Laurent expansion
of the differential equations in D (around D=4); the choice of the boundary
conditions; and the link among differential and difference equations for
Feynman integrals.Comment: invited review article from Int. J. Mod. Phys.
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