Optimization Of Two-Dimensional Dual Beam Scanning System Using Genetic Algorithms

This thesis presents a new approach to optimize the performance of a dual beam optical scanning system in terms of its scanning combinations and speed, using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The problem has been decomposed into two sub problems; task segregation, where the scanning tasks need to be segregated and assigned for each scanner head, and path planning where the best combinatorial paths for each scanner are determined in order to minimize the total motion of scanning time. The knowledge acquired by the process is interpreted and mapped into vectors, which are kept in the database and used by the system to guide its reasoning process. Also, this research involves in developing a machine-learning system and program via genetic algorithm that is capable of performing independent learning capability and optimization for scanning sequence using novel GA operators. The main motivation for this research is to introduce and evaluate an advance new customized GA. Comparison results of different combinatorial operators, and tests with different probability factors are shown. Also, proposed are the new modifications to existing genetic operator called DPPC (Dynamic Pre-Populated Crossover) together with modification of a simple method of representation, called MLR (Multi-Layered Representation). In addition, the performance of the new operators called GA_INSP (GA Inspection Module), DTC (Dynamic Tuning Crossover), and BCS (Bi-Cycle Selection Method) for a better evolutionary approach to the time-based problem has been discussed in the thesis. The simulation results indicate that the algorithm is able to segregate and assign the tasks for each scanning head and also able to find the shortest scanning path for different types of objects coordination. Besides that, the implementation of the new genetic operators helps to converge faster and produce better results. The representation approach has been implemented via a computer program in order to achieve optimized scanning performance. This algorithm has been tested and implemented successfully via a dual beam optical scanning system

Experimental Validation of Time-Synchronized Operations for Software-Defined Elastic Optical Networks

Elastic optical networks (EON) have been proposed as a solution to efficiently exploit the spectrum resources in the physical layer of optical networks. Moreover, by centralizing legacy generalized multiprotocol label switching control-plane functionalities and providing a global network view, software-defined networking (SDN) enables advanced network programmability valuable to control and configure the technological breakthroughs of EON. In this paper, we review our recent proposal [Optical Fiber Communication Conf., Los Angeles, California, 2017] of time-synchronized operations (TSO) to minimize disruption time during lightpath reassignment in EON. TSO has been recently standardized in SDN, and here we discuss its implementation using NETCONF and OpenFlow in optical networks. Subsequently, we update our analytical model considering an experimental characterization of the WSS operation time. Then, we extend our previous work with an experimental validation of TSO for lightpath reassignment in a five-node metropolitan optical network test-bed. Results validate the convenience of our TSO-based approach against a traditional asynchronous technique given its reduction of disruption time, while both techniques maintain a similar network performance in terms of optical signal-to-noise ratio and optical power budget

Survey on 5G Second Phase RAN Architectures and Functional Splits

The Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture evolves with different generations of mobile communication technologies and forms an indispensable component of the mobile network architecture. The main component of the RAN infrastructure is the base station, which includes a Radio Frequency unit and a baseband unit. The RAN is a collection of base stations connected to the core network to provide coverage through one or more radio access technologies. The advancement towards cloud native networks has led to centralizing the baseband processing of radio signals. There is a trade-off between the advantages of RAN centralization (energy efficiency, power cost reduction, and the cost of the fronthaul) and the complexity of carrying traffic between the data processing unit and distributed antennas. 5G networks hold high potential for adopting the centralized architecture to reduce maintenance costs while reducing deployment costs and improving resilience, reliability, and coordination. Incorporating the concept of virtualization and centralized RAN architecture enables to meet the overall requirements for both the customer and Mobile Network Operator. Functional splitting is one of the key enablers for 5G networks. It supports Centralized RAN, virtualized Radio Access Network, and the recent Open Radio Access Networks. This survey provides a comprehensive tutorial on the paradigms of the RAN architecture evolution, its key features, and implementation challenges. It provides a thorough review of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project functional splitting complemented by associated challenges and potential solutions. The survey also presents an overview of the fronthaul and its requirements and possible solutions for implementation, algorithms, and required tools whilst providing a vision of the evaluation beyond 5G second phase.info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

SDN enabled dynamically reconfigurable high capacity optical access architecture for converged services

Dynamically reconfigurable time-division multiplexing (TDM) dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) long-reach passive optical networks (PONs) can support the reduction of nodes and network interfaces by enabling a fully meshed flat optical core. In this paper we demonstrate the flexibility of the TDM-DWDM PON architecture, which can enable the convergence of multiple service types on a single physical layer. Heterogeneous services and modulation formats, i.e. residential 10G PON channels, business 100G dedicated channel and wireless fronthaul, are demonstrated co-existing on the same long reach TDM-DWDM PON system, with up to 100km reach, 512 users and emulated system load of 40 channels, employing amplifier nodes with either erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) or semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). For the first time end-to-end software defined networking (SDN) management of the access and core network elements is also implemented and integrated with the PON physical layer in order to demonstrate two service use cases: a fast protection mechanism with end-to-end service restoration in the case of a primary link failure; and dynamic wavelength allocation (DWA) in response to an increased traffic demand