An Efficient Approach to Detect Faulty Readings Using Fuzzy Logic and Read Vector Along The Substrate Access Wireless Long-Thin Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN)s consist of hundreds or thousands tiny nodes that work together and connected to each other to do some special tasks. Detecting nodes with faulty readings is one the important issues in WSNs. The existing algorithms to detect faulty readings using weighted voting and are divided in tow category; existing algorithms that using correlation of two nodes read vectors as weight and algorithms that using inverse of distance as weight. The first category algorisms are costly and second category algorithms have weaknesses in accuracy of calculations. This paper proposes a new fuzzy-based algorithm to detecting faulty readings in WSNs. We propose the new method based on LTN however, it is applied in the most of WSN structure. Using an effective fuzzy inference system can improve the decision-making algorithm, which using for detecting faulty readings in WSNs. We use of entire read vector without any additional cost to the network. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm imposes very low cost to the network; in addition, the accuracy of the results is improved when compared to the other algorithm

Workshop on Smart Sensors - Instrumentation and Measurement: Program

On 18-19 February, the School of Engineering successfully ran a two-day workshop on Smart Sensors - Instrumentation and Measurement. Associate Professor Rainer Künnemeyer organised the event on behalf of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society, New Zealand Chapter. Over 60 delegates attended and appreciated the 34 presentations which covered a wide range of topics related to sensors, sensor networks and instrumentation. There was substantial interest and support from local industry and crown research institutes

Investigations on corrosion monitor reliability, calibration, and coverage

Thickness loss due to internal corrosion and erosion is a critical issue in ferromagnetic steel structures that can cause catastrophic failures. Ultrasonic thickness gauges are widely used for the detection of wall thickness. Recently permanently installed ultrasonic sensors have become popular for the inspection of areas suspected to undergo wall thickness loss. However, these are limited by the high cost and requirement of coupling agents. To address these problems, a novel cost-effective, and smart corrosion monitor based on the magnetic eddy current technique is developed in this research. The performance and reliability of the monitor to track internal wall thickness loss is tested successfully through accelerated and real-life aging corrosion tests. Due to the handling and safety issues associated with the powerful magnets in magnetic techniques, a particle swarm-based optimisation method is proposed and validated through two test cases. The results indicate that the area of the magnetic excitation circuit could be reduced by 38% without compromising the sensitivity. The reliability of the corrosion monitor is improved by utilising the active redundancy approach to identify and isolate faults in sensors. A real-life aging test is conducted for eight months in an ambient environment through an accelerated corrosion setup. The results obtained from the two corrosion monitors confirm that the proposed corrosion monitor is reliable for tracking the thickness loss. The corrosion monitor is found to be stable against environmental variations. A new in-situ calibration method based on zero-crossing frequency feature is introduced to evaluate the in-situ relative permeability. The thickness of the test specimen could be estimated with an accuracy of ± 0.6 mm. The series of studies conducted in the project reveal that the magnetic corrosion monitor has the capability to detect and quantify uniform wall thickness loss reliably

Micro-manufactured Rogowski coils for fault detection of aircraft electrical wiring and interconnect systems (EWIS)

Aircraft wiring failures have increased over the last few years resulting in arc faults and high-energy flashover on the wiring bundle, which can propagate down through aircraft Electrical Wiring and Interconnect Systems (EWIS). It is considered cost prohibitive to completely rewire a plane in terms of man hours and operational time lost to do this, and most faults are only detectable whilst the aircraft is in flight. Temperature, humidity and vibration all accelerate ageing and failure effects on EWIS. This research investigates methods of in-situ non-invasive testing of aircraft wiring during fight. Failure Mode Effects and Analysis (FMEA) was performed on legacy aircraft EWIS using data obtained from RAF Brize Norton. Micro-Electro-mechanical- Systems (MEMS) were evaluated for use in a wire monitoring system that measures the environmental parameters responsible for ageing and failure of EWIS. Such MEMS can be developed into a Health and Usage Monitoring MicroSystem (HUMMS) by incorporating advanced signal processing and prognostic software. Current and humidity sensors were chosen for further investigation in this thesis. These sensors can be positioned inside and outside cable connectors of EWIS so that arc faults can be reliably detected and located. This thesis presents the design, manufacture and test of micro-manufactured Rogowski sensors. The manufactured sensors were benchmarked against commercial high frequency current transformers (HFCT), as these devices can also detect high frequency current signature due to wire insulation failure. Results indicate that these sensors possess superior voltage output compared to the HFCT. The design, manufacture and test of a polymer capacitive humidity sensor is also presented. Two different types of polymer were reviewed as part of the evaluation. A feature of the sensor design is recovery from exposure to chemicals found on wiring bundles. Current and humidity sensors were demonstrated to be suitable for integrating onto a common substrate with accelerometers, temperature sensors and pressure sensors for health monitoring and prognostics of aircraft EWIS

Micro-manufactured Rogowski coils for fault detection of aircraft electrical wiring and interconnection systems (EWIS)

Aircraft wiring failures have increased over the last few years resulting in arc faults and high-energy flashover on the wiring bundle, which can propagate down through aircraft Electrical Wiring and Interconnect Systems (EWIS). It is considered cost prohibitive to completely rewire a plane in terms of man hours and operational time lost to do this, and most faults are only detectable whilst the aircraft is in flight. Temperature, humidity and vibration all accelerate ageing and failure effects on EWIS. This research investigates methods of in-situ non-invasive testing of aircraft wiring during fight. Failure Mode Effects and Analysis (FMEA) was performed on legacy aircraft EWIS using data obtained from RAF Brize Norton. Micro-Electro-mechanical- Systems (MEMS) were evaluated for use in a wire monitoring system that measures the environmental parameters responsible for ageing and failure of EWIS. Such MEMS can be developed into a Health and Usage Monitoring MicroSystem (HUMMS) by incorporating advanced signal processing and prognostic software. Current and humidity sensors were chosen for further investigation in this thesis. These sensors can be positioned inside and outside cable connectors of EWIS so that arc faults can be reliably detected and located. This thesis presents the design, manufacture and test of micro-manufactured Rogowski sensors. The manufactured sensors were benchmarked against commercial high frequency current transformers (HFCT), as these devices can also detect high frequency current signature due to wire insulation failure. Results indicate that these sensors possess superior voltage output compared to the HFCT. The design, manufacture and test of a polymer capacitive humidity sensor is also presented. Two different types of polymer were reviewed as part of the evaluation. A feature of the sensor design is recovery from exposure to chemicals found on wiring bundles. Current and humidity sensors were demonstrated to be suitable for integrating onto a common substrate with accelerometers, temperature sensors and pressure sensors for health monitoring and prognostics of aircraft EWIS.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC

The Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto

This book presents the collectively authored Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto and accompanying materials.The Internet and the media landscape are broken. The dominant commercial Internet platforms endanger democracy. They have created a communications landscape overwhelmed by surveillance, advertising, fake news, hate speech, conspiracy theories, and algorithmic politics. Commercial Internet platforms have harmed citizens, users, everyday life, and society. Democracy and digital democracy require Public Service Media. A democracy-enhancing Internet requires Public Service Media becoming Public Service Internet platforms – an Internet of the public, by the public, and for the public; an Internet that advances instead of threatens democracy and the public sphere. The Public Service Internet is based on Internet platforms operated by a variety of Public Service Media, taking the public service remit into the digital age. The Public Service Internet provides opportunities for public debate, participation, and the advancement of social cohesion. Accompanying the Manifesto are materials that informed its creation: Christian Fuchs’ report of the results of the Public Service Media/Internet Survey, the written version of Graham Murdock’s online talk on public service media today, and a summary of an ecomitee.com discussion of the Manifesto’s foundations

Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace

This open access book presents established methods of structural health monitoring (SHM) and discusses their technological merit in the current aerospace environment. While the aerospace industry aims for weight reduction to improve fuel efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and to decrease maintenance time and operating costs, aircraft structures are often designed and built heavier than required in order to accommodate unpredictable failure. A way to overcome this approach is the use of SHM systems to detect the presence of defects. This book covers all major contemporary aerospace-relevant SHM methods, from the basics of each method to the various defect types that SHM is required to detect to discussion of signal processing developments alongside considerations of aerospace safety requirements. It will be of interest to professionals in industry and academic researchers alike, as well as engineering students. This article/publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18203 (ODIN - http://odin-cost.com/), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation

Ulterius Corrosion Health Monitoring (UCHM) using wireless sensor technologies.

Complex metal structures operating in harsh environmental conditions are prone to various forms of coating failures and corrosion damage. The costly Scheduled-based- Maintenance (SBM) strategies are practiced for metal structures that result in huge financial overhead for industries. The current research work is aim to provide the solutions to anticipate the condition of a metal structure in terms of corrosion damage and coating failure for proactive and optimal Condition-base-Maintenance (CBM) decisions. The experimental investigation has shown that the adhesion loss between coating and substrate system in the form of blisters is driven by complex electrochemical and mechanical parameters. The propagation criteria can be defined through threshold levels of bending moment incorporating residual and diffusion-induced stresses. The current work also investigated the environmental impact on structures which are operating at remote locations. It has been observed that the accumulation of salt particles from atmosphere resulting in corrosion under the coating is primarily controlled by the speed of the wind. An algorithm has been proposed that incorporates the effect of wind speed to estimate the accumulation of salt particles and the amount of salt diffusivity. Experimental and simulation analysis has further shown that the low wind speed and low temperature are considered the most appropriate environmental conditions for structures operating at remote locations. Meanwhile, the high temperature and high wind speed can result in high corrosion damage beneath the coating. The prognostic algorithms resulted in the development of a comprehensive Condition-based- Maintenance framework to determine the cost-effective maintenance strategy among Patch recoat, Part recoat and Complete recoat. The CBM framework suggests that the Part recoating strategy is cost-effective as compared to Patch recoating strategy if the area of the part to be recoated is ‘2x’ times larger than the area of patch and number of path failure per year is more than ‘2’. Meanwhile, the Patch recoating strategy results in low cost if the annual patch failures are less than ‘7’ and area of the part to be recoated is ‘10x’ times larger than the area of the patch. Real time monitoring of the impact of significantly varying operating condition for mobile structures is very challenging for condition assessment. The combination of µ-Linear Polarisation Resistance (LPR) and µ-strain gauge sensors have been investigated to monitor the development of residual stresses and corrosion reaction beneath the coating. The measurements from µ-strain gauge sensor in response to small temperature gradients can provide instant information regarding the development of tensile or compressive stresses within the coating of structures as observed in experiments. The combination of µ-LPR and µ-strain gauge sensors has been found an effective solution for proactive corrosion detection in real time for the structures operating mobile and at remote locations

Proceedings of the 20th SIRWEC conference, Druskininkai, Lithuania (14-16th June 2022)

SIRWEC (The Standing International Road Weather Commission) exists to encourage meteorologists, weather forecasters, highway engineers, road masters and others, who are interested in road weather problems, to exchange ideas to make our roads safer to drive on in all weather conditions. Every two years SIRWEC conference is being organized to gather all of the road weather enthusiasts and encourage them to share new scientific discoveries they have accomplished, new products or technologies they have made or any other topic in road weather field