321 research outputs found

    Measuring the Effects of Multi-Sensory Stimuli in the Mixed Reality Environment for Tourism Value Creation

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    This thesis explores the impact of technology-enhanced multisensory stimuli on visitors' value judgments and behavioural intentions at tourist attractions. The study is based on the Tourism Value Framework (Smith and Colgate, 2007), which examines the influence of tourism environment and experience cues on tourist behaviour. To achieve the objective, four key areas were critically reviewed: 1) value creation in attraction-based tourism, 2) multisensory experience literature including experiencescape research, 3) immersion, and 4) mixed-reality technology (Objective 1). Primary data collection involved two research phases. The first phase included ten semistructured focus group interviews with visitors at two multisensory mixed-reality tourism locations in Finland (Objective 2). These interviews provided insights into visitors' perspectives on value formation, immersive experiences, and mixed-reality technologies. Thematic analysis of the data revealed five themes and seventeen subthemes, including context-specific subthemes, which contributed to understanding the multisensory tourism experience and technology-enhanced experience. Based on ten hypotheses, a qualitative S-I-V-A value creation framework was developed for technology-enhanced multisensory mixed reality tourism environments. The second phase aimed to examine and validate the proposed model by collecting survey responses from 317 visitors to a multisensory mixed reality tourist environment. Covariance-based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) was used for data analysis (Objective 3). The research's significant achievement is the creation of the S-I-V-A value creation framework for technology-enhanced multisensory mixed reality tourist environments, derived from the study's discoveries (Objective 4). The thesis concludes by summarizing the theoretical contributions of this research and offering recommendations to developers and designers in the tourism and mixed-reality sectors. It acknowledges the study's limitations and suggests potential directions for future research

    A digitális történetmesélés lehetőségei a turizmusban, különös tekintettel a pandémia hatására

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    Watery pasts and the constellation of the canal

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    Heritage trails are an important route into accessing the histories of waterways. They are a multifaceted tourist product, combining a series of complex environmental, economic and cultural policy objectives, and are increasingly used by communities and public agencies as a tool to encourage recreational use along linear corridors. This paper seeks to open a discussion about the use of heritage trails and the processes of heritigisation by thinking about the archival qualities of the canal. It reflects upon research carried out as part of the AHRC-funded ‘European Waterways Heritage’ project, which (through its UK case study) has produced a new 5km heritage trail for the Ashton Canal in Greater Manchester. The paper considers what happens during a process of historical reconstruction and rehabilitation of cultural heritage when a canal is found to be layered in the unspectacular – lacking any special, historical, technical or aesthetic attributes. Using Walter Benjamin’s (1999) concepts of the ‘flash’ and ‘constellation’, alongside cultural geographic readings of post-industrial atmospheres, we seek to think with the water and the surrounding built environment of the waterway in a way that suspends an “indexical imaginary” (van Wyck, 2010) and which encourages a deeper embodied engagement with our surroundings, its material and non-material properties, its happenings and incidence. The paper thus has implications for how we write and construct heritage trails, facilitate new user experiences, and deepen forms of public engagement about our watery pasts

    The Business of Dark Tourism: The Management of Dark Tourism Visitor Sites and Attractions with Special Reference to Innovation

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    This study explores the management of visitor sites and attractions associated with death, disaster and suffering, commonly referred to in the literature as ‘dark tourism’. Although gaining increasing academic attention, the supply-side perspective of dark tourism is poorly understood with scarce empirical evidence relating to management operations and practices. This may be due to management operations and practices that are perceived to conflict with the sensitive themes of visitor sites associated with dark tourism. Particular consideration is given to the management concept of innovation identified as a significant gap for scholarly exploration. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with senior management at 23 sites and attractions across the United Kingdom associated with dark tourism. The findings reveal that, contrary to suggestions that dark tourism sites may be restrictive in management practices, a wide array of innovative activities and marketing practices are widely conducted and innovation was viewed as a stimuli for repeat visitation. Furthermore, management operations are viewed as facilitating important stories of trauma for present and future generations. Omission of these stories would belittle the tragic circumstances in which people associated with the sites had died or suffered. Moreover, managers at dark tourism sites acknowledged the ethical and moral tensions surrounding management practices at dark tourism sites. Indeed, the majority of managers adopted both highly ethical processes resulting in ethical innovations and complex consultation processes in order to mitigate any potential concerns from stakeholders. The ethical stance underpinning operations positions the phenomenon of dark tourism as a subset within the tourism sector, distinct from its counterparts. Recommendations include calls to widen the study to explore visitor perceptions of innovative measures undertaken by managers, and to focus on specific commercial aspects, such as retailing, within the business of dark tourism.ESR

    Placing favelas on the tourist city map: between commodification and legitimisation

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    L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és explicar fins a quin punt les pràctiques i les actuacions dels turistes intervenen amb la producció o la reproducció d'espais i comunitats marginals. Al llarg de la investigació, reflexionem sobre si el turisme podria ser una via per legitimar les persones i els llocs marginats, a diverses escales, al Sud urbà global. Examinem els efectes d'estructuració i configuració que el turisme té sobre llocs i comunitats marginades i trobem que les pràctiques turístiques no sempre funcionen a favor de la legitimació i l'apoderament cultural sinó per legitimar processos neoliberals de desenvolupament, control i fiscalització. Emmarquem aquesta investigació dins de les Teories No Representacionals (Thrift, 1996; 2008). Aquest grup postestructuralista de teories, conceptes, idees i mètodes emfatitza l'agència del cos en moviment i la manca de jerarquia entre humans i coses, i centra l'anàlisi en com interactuen, coexisteixen i s'afecten entre ells aquests actors híbrids per produir realitats i donar sentit al món. L'aplicació de NRT als estudis del turisme de barris marginals implica partir de les empremtes simbòliques de significat, marques o creacions de mites dels barris marginals i, en canvi, insta a seguir les pràctiques dels turistes a l'espai i les consegüents relacions entreteixides amb altres persones, espais, objectes i idees. Dins d'aquests processos, argumentem que els turistes tenen agència en la co-creació de significats que potencialment poden valorar els espais i la cultura dels barris marginals i proporcionar a les parts integrals nous valors i poder. La tesi explora el cas de la favela turística Santa Marta a Rio de Janeiro, que ha estat una de les faveles més visitades d'aquesta ciutat des de principis de la dècada de 1990. Utilitzem tres enfocaments metodològics per analitzar els processos de valorització i legitimació dels turistes, primer, un relat autoetnogràfic per analitzar l'experiència personal de l'investigador; segon, recreem dos actors-xarxes entrellaçats després de dos tours antagòniques a Santa Marta; finalment, fem una anàlisi de discurs de diferents textos i actors, i els analitzem proposant tres categories de legitimació.El objetivo de esta tesis es explicar hasta qué punto las prácticas y actuaciones de los turistas intervienen con la producción o reproducción de espacios y comunidades marginales. A lo largo de la investigación, reflexionamos sobre si el turismo podría ser una vía para legitimar a las personas y los lugares marginados, en varias escalas, en el Sur urbano global. Examinamos los efectos de estructuración y configuración que el turismo tiene sobre lugares y comunidades marginadas y encontramos que las prácticas turísticas no siempre funcionan a favor de la legitimación y el empoderamiento cultural, sino para legitimar procesos neoliberales de desarrollo, control y fiscalización. Enmarcamos esta investigación dentro de las Teorías No Representacionales (Thrift, 1996; 2008). Este grupo postestructuralista de teorías, conceptos, ideas y métodos enfatiza la agencia del cuerpo en movimiento y la falta de jerarquía entre humanos y cosas, y centra el análisis en cómo estos actores híbridos interactúan, coexisten y se afectan entre sí para producir realidades y dar sentido al mundo. La aplicación de NRT a los estudios del turismo de barrios marginales implica partir de las huellas simbólicas de significado, marcas o creaciones de mitos de los barrios marginales y, en cambio, insta a seguir las prácticas de los turistas en el espacio y las consiguientes relaciones entretejidas con otras personas, espacios, objetos e ideas. Dentro de estos procesos, argumentamos que los turistas tienen agencia en la co-creación de significados que potencialmente pueden valorar los espacios y la cultura de los barrios marginales y proporcionar a sus partes integrales nuevos valores y poder. La tesis explora el caso de la favela turística Santa Marta en Río de Janeiro, que ha sido una de las favelas más visitadas de esa ciudad desde principios de la década de 1990. Utilizamos tres enfoques metodológicos para analizar los procesos de valorización y legitimación de los turistas, primero, un relato auto-etnográfico para analizar la experiencia personal del investigador; segundo, recreamos dos actores-redes entrelazados luego de dos tours antagónicas en Santa Marta; por último, realizamos un análisis de discurso de diferentes textos y actores, y los analisamos proponiendo tres categorías de legitimación.This PhD thesis aims to explain the extent to which tourists’ practices and performances can become enmeshed with the production or reproduction of slummed spaces and communities. Throughout the research, we reflect on whether tourism could be an avenue to legitimise marginalised people and places at various scales in the broader society of the Global urban South. We examined tourism's structuring and shaping effects over marginalised places and communities to find that tourist practices do not always work in favour of slums’ cultural legitimization and empowerment but for legitimising neoliberal development, control and fiscalization processes. We frame this investigation within Non-representational Theories (Thrift, 1996; 2008), or rather, more-than-representational ones. This post-structuralist group of theories, concepts, ideas and methods emphasise the agency of the moving and sentient body and the lack of hierarchy between humans and non-human things and centres the analysis on how hybrid actors interact, coexist and affect each other to produce realities and make sense of the world. Applying NRT to slum tourism’s studies entails departing from symbolic traces of meaning, branding or myth creations of slums and instead urges to follow tourists' embodied practices enacted on space and the consequent relations interwoven with other people, spaces, objects, and ideas, to create different versions of the tourist slum. Within these processes, we argue that tourists have agency in co-creating meanings that can potentially value slums’ spaces and culture and provide slum dwellers with new values and power. The dissertation explores the case of tourist favela Santa Marta in Rio de Janeiro, which has been one of the most visited slums in that city since the early 1990s. We use three methodological approaches to analyse tourists’ valorisation and legitimisation processes, first, an autoethnographic account to analyse the researcher’s personal experience; second, we recreate two actor-networks interwoven after two antagonistic tours in Santa Marta; lastly, we undertake a discourse analysis of media articles, for which we propose three legitimation categories

    DESTINACIJSKI MENADŽMENT U FUNKCIJI RAZVOJA KULTURNOG TURIZMA KONTINENTALNE HRVATSKE - PRIMJER DESTINACIJE KRIŽEVCI

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    Konkurentnost turističke destinacije definira se kao njezina sposobnost da kreira i sustavno integrira turističke proizvode, odnosno usluge i doživljaje više dodane vrijednosti. Razvoj destinacijskog menadžmenta i strateško pozicioniranje kroz odabrane turističke proizvode, odnosno doživljaje te upravljanje kako lancem vrijednosti s jedne strane, tako i iskustvom posjetitelja s druge, su uvjeti bez kojih se niti jedna destinacija ne može razviti. Turistički proizvod se formira prvenstveno na destinacijskoj, a dijelom i na regionalno razini, čime regije i (u novije vrijeme) destinacije postaju sredstvo razmjene, odnosno ono što se na turističkom tržištu nudi i prodaje. Stoga proces upravljanja turističkim destinacijama, iako u velikoj mjeri virtualan i nestandardiziran, danas postaje ne samo važnim nego i nužnim poslom i pretpostavkom za konkurentski i održivi rast turizma destinacije – bez obzira na njenu veličinu. Svrha ovog istraživanja je utvrditi mogućnosti i prilike za razvoj proizvoda kulturnog turizma u Križevcima. Provedena su istraživanja u destinaciji i to fokus grupe i anketno ispitivanje. Cilj je dvojaki. Primarno želi se potaknuti osmišljavanje inovativnih proizvoda kulturnog turizma temeljeno na resursnoj osnovi Križevaca. Sekundarno, želi se ukazati na prilike za unapređenje, posebice na važnost i ulogu destinacijskog menadžmenta u razvoju faktora atraktivnosti koji snažno utječu na destinacijsku konkurentnost. U radu se uspostavlja poveznica između teorijskog određenja koncepta kulturnog turizma i destinacijskog menadžmenta te rezultata empirijskih istraživanja. Rezultati ukazuju da lokalno stanovništvo prepoznaju resursnu osnovu Križevaca kao snažan potencijal za razvoj proizvoda kulturnog turizma. No, evidentan je jaz između sadašnje ponude doživljaja kulturnog turizma i mogućnosti koje destinacija ima s obzirom na svoju resursnu osnovu. Zbog toga autori predlažu nekoliko inovativnih proizvoda kulturnog turizma kojima se može obogatiti ponuda ove turističke destinacije. Rezultati istraživanja koristit će planerima razvoja turizma ove destinacije, te ostalim interesnim dionicima koji žele doprinijeti razvoju proizvoda književnog i manifestacijskog turizma, ali i onima koji se žele uključiti u kreativnu interpretaciju nematerijalne kulturne baštine Križevaca.Competitiveness of tourist destinations is defined as its ability to create and successfully integrate tourist products, i.e. services and experiences of more added value. The development of destination management and strategic positioning through selected tourist products, i.e experiences, and management of both the value chain on the one hand, and the experience of visitors on the other, are preconditions for sustainable tourism development. The tourist product is formed primarily at the destination level, and partly at the regional level, which makes regions and (more recently) destinations a means of exchange, i.e. what is offered and sold on the tourist market. Therefore, the process of managing tourist destinations today, although largely a virtual and nonstandardized, is becoming not only important but also a necessary activity and a prerequisite for competitive and sustainable tourism growth in destination - regardless of its size. The purpose of this research is to determine the opportunities for the development of cultural tourism products in Križevci. Primary research was conducted in Križevci - focus groups and online survey. The resource base of the destination is observed. The goal is twofold. The primary aim is to encourage the development of innovative cultural tourism products based on the attraction base of the destination. Secondarily, authors want to point to opportunities for improvement, especially the importance and role of destination management in the development of attractiveness factors that strongly affect the destination competitiveness. The paper establishes a link between the theoretical definition of the concept of cultural tourism and destination management and the results of empirical research. Results indicate that residents recognize the potential of cultural resources of Križevci for development of cultural tourism products. However, there is a strong gap between the current cultural tourism offerings and the possibilities this destination has based on its main highly attractive resources. Therefore, authors propose several innovative cultural tourism products that could be integrated in the current destination’s offerings. Results of the study are useful for destination planners and managers as well as to other interested stakeholders in tourism that are willing to contribute to development of cultural tourism in this destination (in particular: literary and festival tourism). However, locals that wish to be included in creative interpretation of intangible heritage can also benefits from the research results as well as authors observations and creative proposals
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