A theory of effective computer-based instruction for adults

Computer-based instruction (CBI) was considered the technological phenomenon to revolutionize education and training. Today, the Internet and computer technology are reported to have significantly altered the education landscape (Johnson & Aragon, 2002). The rapid advances in technology, the need for lifelong learning, and the growth of non-traditional students have encouraged the use of the computer as a method of instructional delivery. Evaluating the effectiveness of CBI as a whole technology is very difficult. The inability to measure effectiveness is attributable in part to the fact that CBI is not just one component, but a complex range of services and activities carried out for instructional and learning purposes (Gibbons & Fairweather, 2000). This study presents a theory of critical components that impact the effectiveness of computer-based instruction for adults. The theory was developed to provide a framework for research to explain or predict effective learning by adults using a desktop computer. The five conclusions drawn from this research are: (1) the characteristics of self-directedness and computer self-efficacy of adult learners play an important role in designing CBI for adults; (2) learning goal level impacts instructional design strategy and instructional control component of CBI design; (3) external support and instructional support are needed to provide a positive CBI experience; (4) CBI design is interwoven with the units of self-directedness, computer self-efficacy, learning goal level, instructional design, and external support; and (5) the theory draws together the isolated variables researchers consider important in the adult learning process and aligns them to provide effective CBI

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 325)

This bibliography lists 192 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during June, 1989. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, and flight crew behavior and performance

Adaptabilidade não Supervisionada Independente da Língua, ao Perfil Linguístico do Utilizador

Vivemos atualmente num período de grande entusiasmo, devido ao exponencial do surgimento de diversas ferramentas associadas às normas e tecnologias agregadas às adaptabilidades não supervisionadas, independentes da língua do utilizador. Apesar disso, o uso dessas ferramentas não está acessível a todos os utilizadores, sendo que se assume como um obstáculo. Assumindo que o sucesso de qualquer tecnologia se encontra dependente da sua aceitação por parte dos seus utilizadores, a presente investigação pretende contribuir para uma exposição de conceitos, normas e tecnologias associadas às sociedades adaptáveis, com métodos e técnicas que permitem uma maior familiarização das interfaces adaptáveis, não supervisionadas ao perfil dos utilizadores. Este trabalho propõe um estudo sobre a análise de uma adaptabilidade não supervisionada independente da língua não supervisionada para um perfil linguístico com uso de métodos e técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural (PLN) usando a similaridade assimétrica com o uso de técnicas de extração de textos e, posteriormente, avaliar as similaridades encontradas. Foram utilizados métodos linguísticos e técnicas uniformes, baseados no perfil linguístico do utilizador, enquanto medida comparada na variedade de línguas com base num vasto leque de línguas potencialmente heterogéneas variáveis, onde se focaliza especificamente uma caraterística metodológica baseada na adaptabilidade não supervisionada independente da língua do perfil linguístico do utilizador. Devido à grande quantidade de informação disponível atualmente no meio eletrónico, uma das tarefas consiste na classificação adaptável do perfil de um utilizador e na extração de termos relevantes e não relevantes que tem vindo a ganhar importância nas pesquisas realizadas nas áreas de extração de termos e na recuperação de informações. A média apresenta melhores resultados do que as combinações baseadas na estratégia de classificação de melhores resultados. O método proposto parece ser útil para desambiguar uma grande percentagem de consultas temporais para os utilizadores.We are currently living in a period of great enthusiasm, due to the exponential emergence of several tools associated with the norms and technologies added to the unsupervised adaptations, independent of the user’s language. Despite this, the use of these tools is not accessible to all users, and is assumed to be an obstacle. Assuming that the success of any technology depends on its acceptance by its users, the present research intends to contribute to an exposition of concepts, norms and technologies associated to adaptive societies, with methods and techniques that allow a greater familiarization of adaptive interfaces , not supervised to the profile of the users. his work proposes a study on the analysis of an unsupervised adaptability independent of the unsupervised language for a linguistic profile using natural language processing methods and techniques (PLN) using asymmetric similarity with the use of text extraction techniques and , later, to evaluate the similarities found. Uniform linguistic and technical methods were used, based on the user’s linguistic profile, as a comparative measure in the variety of languages based on a wide range of potentially heterogeneous variable languages, where a methodological feature based specifically on unsupervised adaptability independent of the language of the profile language. Due to the large amount of information currently available in the electronic environment, one of the tasks consists in adapting a user’s profile and in extracting relevant and non-relevant terms that have gained importance in research in the areas of term extraction and in information retrieval. The average has better results than the combinations based on the strategy of classification of better results. The proposed method seems to be useful for disambiguating a large percentage of temporal queries for users