1,388 research outputs found
Small cities face greater impact from automation
The city has proven to be the most successful form of human agglomeration and
provides wide employment opportunities for its dwellers. As advances in
robotics and artificial intelligence revive concerns about the impact of
automation on jobs, a question looms: How will automation affect employment in
cities? Here, we provide a comparative picture of the impact of automation
across U.S. urban areas. Small cities will undertake greater adjustments, such
as worker displacement and job content substitutions. We demonstrate that large
cities exhibit increased occupational and skill specialization due to increased
abundance of managerial and technical professions. These occupations are not
easily automatable, and, thus, reduce the potential impact of automation in
large cities. Our results pass several robustness checks including potential
errors in the estimation of occupational automation and sub-sampling of
occupations. Our study provides the first empirical law connecting two societal
forces: urban agglomeration and automation's impact on employment
Defining the mechanisms of a cooperative computer system based on theories of cooperation
There is a growing interest in the development of computer systems that are
actively involved in the tasks of the users and serve to augment the users' creativity.
Cooperative computing is a major contribution to this research field. A survey of current
developments in knowledge based systems led to the conclusion that there has
hitherto been an absence of a formal definition of the mechanisms of cooperative
computer systems based on theories of cooperation. The work in this thesis seeks to
provide a full definition of cooperation derived from the behaviours of living cooperative
systems.
Studies on human cooperation and cooperation in the animal kingdom, established
that cooperation is a dynamic behaviour; in that the interaction processes
between the cooperative partners serve to facilitate the achievement of a common
goal, or a set of goals that are mutually desired by the partners. Partners in cooperation
are interdependent: one member's actions are contingent on another. Therefore,
the underlying processes which induce and maintain cooperation were identified.
These are: communication between the partners; emergence of norms and roles governing
the behaviour of the cooperating members; resolution of conflicts; distributed
and coordinated activities. These factors were further elucidated within the context of
small problem solving groups. A model of cooperationw hich encapsulatedth esef actors
was produced. From the discussionso f the advantageso f cooperationw ithin different
contexts, the potential for synergy was found to be the main benefit of
cooperation. The potential for achieving this synergy between a human and a
computer is the main motivation for the work undertaken in this research.
From the theoretical analysis of cooperation, the underlying mechanisms of a
cooperative computer were successfully defined. A conceptual model of human-computer
cooperation was presented. It was established that the quality of cooperation is
closely associated with the nature of the task. Therefore, it is not practicable to
produce a general purpose cooperative system. A specific task must be used. Creative
tasks of a problem identifying and solving nature, were found to be more suitable
to cooperative behaviour than others. Typical of these, and the one selected, was
computer screen design. Current screen design practice was analysed, and the
functional requirements and knowledge base needs of the systems were established.
The underlying mechanisms of cooperation were formalised and successfully
implemented within a software exemplar, named COSY. COSY exhibits the behavioural
characteristics of cooperation, and utilises the knowledge of screen design to
support users in the task of formatting computer screens. COSY successfully
demonstrated the synergistic relationship in its cooperation with the users.
It is concluded that the approach undertaken in this thesis has lead to a successful
definition and implementation of the formal mechanisms of cooperation in a computer
system, one which potentially enhances the innovative and creative aspects of
design work
The Cowl - v. 84 - n. 5 - Oct 2, 2019
The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Volume 84 - Number 5 - October 2, 2019. 24 pages
Advanced software techniques for space shuttle data management systems Final report
Airborne/spaceborn computer design and techniques for space shuttle data management system
Agents for educational games and simulations
This book consists mainly of revised papers that were presented at the Agents for Educational Games and Simulation (AEGS) workshop held on May 2, 2011, as part of the Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (AAMAS) conference in Taipei, Taiwan. The 12 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from various submissions. The papers are organized topical sections on middleware applications, dialogues and learning, adaption and convergence, and agent applications
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