5,600 research outputs found
The battle between standards: TCP/IP vs OSI victory through path dependency or by quality?
Between the end of the 1970s and 1994 a fierce competition existed between two possible standards, TCP/IP and OSI, to solve the problem of interoperability of computer networks. Around 1994 it became evident that TCP/IP and not OSI had become the dominant standard. We specifically deal with the question whether the current dominance of the TCP/IP standard is the result of third degree path dependency or of choices based on assessments of it being technical-economically superior to the OSI standard and protocols
Important Lessons Derived from X.500 Case Studies
X.500 is a new and complex electronic directory technology, whose basic specification was first published as an international standard in 1988, with an enhanced revision in 1993. The technology is still unproven in many organisations. This paper presents case studies of 15 pioneering pilot and operational X.500 based directory services. The paper provides valuable insights into how organisations are coming to understand this new technology, are using X.500 for both traditional and novel directory based services, and consequently are deriving benefits from it. Important lessons that have been learnt by these X.500 pioneers are presented here, so that future organisations can benefit from their experiences. Factors critical to the success of implementing X.500 in an organisation are derived from the studies
Moving Stronger: Needs of the Criminal Justice Reform Movement
Moving Stronger: Needs of the Criminal Justice Reform Movement presents the struggles, victories, strengths and challenges of grassroots groups organizing for criminal justice reform across the country. Drawn from a national survey and in-depth interviews with members and clients of these groups, the report offers the insights and analyses of long-time organizers and emerging leaders, in their own words.The project aimed to assess the state of grassroots organizing around a broad spectrum of criminal justice reform issues, with the goal of bringing critical information to funders and grassroots groups about the diverse needs, organizing approaches and campaigns of groups around the country. The report will be distributed and used among grassroots groups to support networking, information and resource sharing, collaborative work and coalition building
Space Generic Open Avionics Architecture (SGOAA) reference model technical guide
This report presents a full description of the Space Generic Open Avionics Architecture (SGOAA). The SGOAA consists of a generic system architecture for the entities in spacecraft avionics, a generic processing architecture, and a six class model of interfaces in a hardware/software system. The purpose of the SGOAA is to provide an umbrella set of requirements for applying the generic architecture interface model to the design of specific avionics hardware/software systems. The SGOAA defines a generic set of system interface points to facilitate identification of critical interfaces and establishes the requirements for applying appropriate low level detailed implementation standards to those interface points. The generic core avionics system and processing architecture models provided herein are robustly tailorable to specific system applications and provide a platform upon which the interface model is to be applied
ClouNS - A Cloud-native Application Reference Model for Enterprise Architects
The capability to operate cloud-native applications can generate enormous
business growth and value. But enterprise architects should be aware that
cloud-native applications are vulnerable to vendor lock-in. We investigated
cloud-native application design principles, public cloud service providers, and
industrial cloud standards. All results indicate that most cloud service
categories seem to foster vendor lock-in situations which might be especially
problematic for enterprise architectures. This might sound disillusioning at
first. However, we present a reference model for cloud-native applications that
relies only on a small subset of well standardized IaaS services. The reference
model can be used for codifying cloud technologies. It can guide technology
identification, classification, adoption, research and development processes
for cloud-native application and for vendor lock-in aware enterprise
architecture engineering methodologies
Introduction to Directory Services
The Directory has grown to be an important OSI application as it acts as a focal point and general support for a number of other applications. This work first points out directory requirements in the OSI framework and other OSI applications, as the Mail Handling System. The first version of the X.500 standard is then described and some Directory related issues are discussed. In particular, X.500 Directory as a database system is examined and some directory service implementations are presented
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