43 research outputs found

    Towards a comparable evaluation for VANET protocols: NS-2 experiments builder assistant and extensible test bed

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    Proceedings of: 9th Embedded Security in Cars Conference (ESCAR 2011), November 9 to 10, 2011, Dresden, GermanyIn order to validate an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) application or service, simulation techniques are usually employed. Nowadays, there are two problems associated to this kind of validation: the relative complexity of existing simulators and the lack of common criteria in the creation of simulation experiments. The first one makes it hard for users not familiar with a simulation tool to create and execute comprehensive experiments. The second one leads to a situation in which different proposals are validated in different scenarios, thus making it difficult to compare their performance. This work contributes on addressing both problems by proposing VanSimFM, an open-source assistant tool for creating NS-2 simulation experiments, and by defining an extensible test bed which contains a set of simulation scenarios. The test bed is intended to represent the different situations that may be found in a real vehicular environment.This work is partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain, project E-SAVE, under grant TIN2009-13461.No publicad

    Design and evaluation of CCA (Cooperative Collision Avoidance) applications for vehicular ad-hoc networks

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    [SPA] El tema central de la Tesis ha versado sobre el diseño y evaluación de aplicaciones para la reducción de la probabilidad de colisión en carretera mediante el uso de conectividad inalámbrica entre vehículos, particularmente en un escenario específico del tráfico rodado: presencia de un obstáculo en la dirección de tránsito que bloquea el paso. Dos enfoques han sido tomados en consideración: utilización de mecanismos de anticipación cooperativa vehículo a vehículo para evadir colisiones mediante frenada, y empleo de esquemas de maniobras de evasión cooperativa en circunstancias donde existe suficiente espacio en la carretera para reorientar las trayectorias y evitar el choque. Se ha hecho uso de herramientas de simulación de redes y dinámica vehicular, y de la teoría matemática de la optimización y de los procesos estocásticos para modelar estos escenarios. Los resultados demuestran que el uso de comunicaciones, junto con sistemas avanzados de inteligencia artificial permitirá en un futuro garantizar cotas de seguridad en carretera nunca antes vistas, incluso en situaciones de riesgo extremo que podrían ser detectadas por uno o más vehículos con tiempos muy cortos de reacción.[ENG] New emerging technologies in vehicular traffic are aimed primarily at improving safety and driving comfort for passengers, by paying special attention to the gradual evermore automation of all aspects of the driving task. In this regard, a promising research perspective considered by the Academia and the Industry is to use communications to build a complex interoperable vehicular network that would serve as a means to provide autonomous robotic-guided vehicles with additional status information that might not be collected from sensors on board. With properly configured processing schemes, this additional stream of information can be used to help vehicles anticipate and react conveniently to potentially risky situations that might cause an accident if not previously considered. Particularly, in this Thesis we use these premises to propose and evaluate collision avoidance policies under two specific fashions: i) Design and evaluation of a Cooperative chain Collision Avoidance (CcCA)1 strategy to reduce the impact of multiple rear-end collisions in a platoon of vehicles when evasive maneuvering is not possible, and ii) Analysis and optimization of different strategies for Cooperative Collision Avoidance (CCA) by evasive maneuvering. The CcCA application allows us to study how communication protocols, both by one-hop transmissions as well as by relaying (multi-hop) schemes, can help reduce the number of accidents, or at least minimize their impact, in cases where vehicles cannot execute sudden maneuvers to skip cars ahead, but only brake. Simulations are validated by using an advanced stochastic model which rigorously describes the behavior of vehicles in this type of situations. Among other aspects, results show that real implementations of CcCA must take into account with special relevance those vehicles that might be humanly driven, and guarantee that during the transition stage (until a complete penetration of the technology is achieved) safety is preserved enough. Regarding CCA for evasive maneuvering, we provide an exhaustive optimization analysis for the calculation of optimum trajectories in cases where vehicles at high speeds are at risk of colliding with one or more obstacles appearing ahead. By reorienting trajectories through the lateral free spaces that might exist between the obstacles and the crash barriers (if the specific scenario allows it), vehicles can avoid crashing and simultaneously improve driving comfort even under such unpredictable circumstances. On the whole, despite much further effort is still required on these matters, results in this Work show that communications can help autonomous vehicles to make decisions in a cooperative fashion that will not only assist individuals to follow the best riding strategy, but also the traffic system as a whole to evolve according to the best possible behavior in terms of safety and comfort.Universidad Politécnica de CartagenaPrograma de doctorado en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicacione

    Increasing Intelligence In Inter-vehicle Communications To Reduce Traffic Congestions: Experiments In Urban And Highway Environments

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    Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) rely on Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) to streamline the operation of vehicles by managing vehicle traffic, assisting drivers with safety and sharing information, as well as providing appropriate services for passengers. Traffic congestion is an urban mobility problem, which causes stress to drivers and economic losses. In this context, this work proposes a solution for the detection, dissemination and control of congested roads based on inter-vehicle communication, called INCIDEnT. The main goal of the proposed solution is to reduce the average trip time, CO emissions and fuel consumption by allowing motorists to avoid congested roads. The simulation results show that our proposed solution leads to short delays and a low overhead. Moreover, it is efficient with regard to the coverage of the event and the distance to which the information can be propagated. The findings of the investigation show that the proposed solution leads to (i) high hit rate in the classification of the level of congestion, (ii) a reduction in average trip time, (iii) a reduction in fuel consumption, and (iv) reduced CO emissions118Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2015/11536-4, 2015/18898-9]FAPESP [2014/06330-5]Office of Naval Research GlobalCNPqFAPEMIGFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

    Wireless Communication Technologies for Safe Cooperative Cyber Physical Systems

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    Cooperative Cyber-Physical Systems (Co-CPSs) can be enabled using wireless communication technologies, which in principle should address reliability and safety challenges. Safety for Co-CPS enabled by wireless communication technologies is a crucial aspect and requires new dedicated design approaches. In this paper, we provide an overview of five Co-CPS use cases, as introduced in our SafeCOP EU project, and analyze their safety design requirements. Next, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the main existing wireless communication technologies giving details about the protocols developed within particular standardization bodies. We also investigate to what extent they address the non-functional requirements in terms of safety, security and real time, in the different application domains of each use case. Finally, we discuss general recommendations about the use of different wireless communication technologies showing their potentials in the selected real-world use cases. The discussion is provided under consideration in the 5G standardization process within 3GPP, whose current efforts are inline to current gaps in wireless communications protocols for Co-CPSs including many future use casesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Sustainable Adoption of Connected Vehicles in the Brazilian Landscape: Policies, Technical Specifications and Challenges

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    This review addresses the intervehicular communication in Connected Vehicles (CV) by emphasizing V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) communications in terms of evolution, current standards, state-of-the-art studies, embedded devices, simulation, trends, challenges, and relevant legislation. This review is based on studies conducted from 2009 to 2019, government reports about the sustainable deployment of these technologies and their adoption in the Brazilian automotive market. Moreover, WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) and DSRC (Dedicated Short-range Communication) standards, the performance analysis of communication parameters and intervehicular available at the market are also described. The current status of ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) development in Brazil was reviewed, as well as the research institutes and governmental actions focused on introducing the concept of connected vehicles into the society. The Brazilian outlook for technological adoption concerning CVs was also discussed. Moreover, challenges related to technical aspects, safety and environmental issues, and the standardization for vehicle communication are also described. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and proposals from available technologies devoted to the roads and vehicular infrastructure communication, their evolution and upcoming trends

    Co-simulated digital twin on the network edge: A vehicle platoon

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    This paper presents an approach to create high-fidelity models suited for digital twin application of distributed multi-agent cyber–physical systems (CPSs) exploiting the combination of simulation units through co-simulation. This approach allows for managing the complexity of cyber–physical systems by decomposing them into multiple intertwined components tailored to specific domains. The native modular design simplifies the building, testing, prototyping, and extending CPSs compared to monolithic simulator approaches. A system of platoon of vehicles is used as a case study to show the advantages achieved with the proposed approach. Multiple components model the physical dynamics, the communication network and protocol, as well as different control software and external environmental situations. The model of the platooning system is used to compare the performance of Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication against a centralized multi-access edge computing paradigm. Moreover, exploiting the detailed model of vehicle dynamics, different road surface conditions are considered to evaluate the performance of the platooning system. Finally, taking advantage of the co-simulation approach, a solution to drive a platoon in critical road conditions has been proposed. The paper shows how co-simulation and design space exploration can be used for parameter calibration and the design of countermeasures to unsafe situations

    An Energy-Efficient Cluster-Based Vehicle Detection on Road Network Using Intention Numeration Method

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    The traffic in the road network is progressively increasing at a greater extent. Good knowledge of network traffic can minimize congestions using information pertaining to road network obtained with the aid of communal callers, pavement detectors, and so on. Using these methods, low featured information is generated with respect to the user in the road network. Although the existing schemes obtain urban traffic information, they fail to calculate the energy drain rate of nodes and to locate equilibrium between the overhead and quality of the routing protocol that renders a great challenge. Thus, an energy-efficient cluster-based vehicle detection in road network using the intention numeration method (CVDRN-IN) is developed. Initially, sensor nodes that detect a vehicle are grouped into separate clusters. Further, we approximate the strength of the node drain rate for a cluster using polynomial regression function. In addition, the total node energy is estimated by taking the integral over the area. Finally, enhanced data aggregation is performed to reduce the amount of data transmission using digital signature tree. The experimental performance is evaluated with Dodgers loop sensor data set from UCI repository and the performance evaluation outperforms existing work on energy consumption, clustering efficiency, and node drain rate

    Cooperative control of autonomous connected vehicles from a Networked Control perspective: Theory and experimental validation

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    Formation control of autonomous connected vehicles is one of the typical problems addressed in the general context of networked control systems. By leveraging this paradigm, a platoon composed by multiple connected and automated vehicles is represented as one-dimensional network of dynamical agents, in which each agent only uses its neighboring information to locally control its motion, while it aims to achieve certain global coordination with all other agents. Within this theoretical framework, control algorithms are traditionally designed based on an implicit assumption of unlimited bandwidth and perfect communication environments. However, in practice, wireless communication networks, enabling the cooperative driving applications, introduce unavoidable communication impairments such as transmission delay and packet losses that strongly affect the performances of cooperative driving. Moreover, in addition to this problem, wireless communication networks can suffer different security threats. The challenge in the control field is hence to design cooperative control algorithms that are robust to communication impairments and resilient to cyber attacks. The work aim is to tackle and solve these challenges by proposing different properly designed control strategies. They are validated both in analytical, numerical and experimental ways. Obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the strategies in coping with communication impairments and security vulnerabilities

    Inter-vehicle Communication: Quo Vadis. Report from Dagstuhl Seminar 13392

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    "Inter-Vehicular Communication - Quo Vadis?". With this question in mind, leading experts in the field of vehicular networking met in Dagstuhl to discuss the current state of the art and, most importantly, the open challenges in R&D from both an scientific and an industry point of view. After more than a decade of research on vehicular networks, the experts very seriously asked the question whether all of the initial research issues had been solved so far. It turned out that the perspective changed in the last few years, mainly thanks to the ongoing field operational tests in Europe and the U.S. The results point to new research directions and new challenges that need to be solved for a second generation of vehicular networking applications and protocols. In four working groups, the experts studied these new challenges and derived recommendations that are also very helpful for the respective funding organizations
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