9,093 research outputs found

    Ambulance Reliability Control

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    The current ambulance design was studied in an effort to determine the features of the patient compartment that hinder EMT performance and compromise passenger safety. These features were redesigned to improve the functionality, reliability and safety of the modern ambulance through improved material selection, mechanical designs, optimized ergonomics and advanced technologies

    Climate-friendly technologies in the mobile air-conditioning sector: A patent citation analysis

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    The development of climate-friendly technologies and its diffusion across countries is of key importance to slow climate change. This paper considers technologies in the mobile air-conditioning (MAC) sector which is a major contributor of fluorinatedgreenhouse gas emissions. Using patents as an indicator of innovations and patent citations as a proxy for knowledge flows the inducement of new environmental and non-environmental technologies and its diffusion within and across countries and withinand across patent applicant- and firm-types is analyzed. We find that most environmental patents originate from Germany and the US and are filed by individuals rather than firms. Most knowledge flows take place within countries. Regarding cross-countryflows most environmental knowledge diffuses from French and German patents, which is likely to be a result of regulatory activities in Europe and intensified research on environmentally benign MAC systems. Yet, this exchange of knowledge is not very intensive and stable, so that the impact of EU regulations on US and Japanese patenting behaviour remains fairly weak.Environmental innovation, patent, count data models

    Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 165, March 1977

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    This bibliography lists 198 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in February 1977

    Applications of aerospace technology in biology and medicine

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    Utilization of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) technology in medicine is discussed. The objective is best obtained by stimulation of the introduction of new or improved commercially available medical products incorporating aerospace technology. A bipolar donor/recipient model of medical technology transfer is presented to provide a basis for the team's methodology. That methodology is designed to: (1) identify medical problems and NASA technology that, in combination, constitute opportunities for successful medical products; (2) obtain the early participation of industry in the transfer process; and (3) obtain acceptance by the medical community of new medical products based on NASA technology. Two commercial transfers were completed: the Stowaway, a lightweight wheelchair that provides mobility for the disabled and elderly in the cabin of commercial aircraft, and Micromed, a portable medication infusion pump for the reliable, continuous infusion of medications such as heparin or insulin. The marketing and manufacturing factors critical to the commercialization of the lightweight walker incorporating composite materials were studied. Progress was made in the development and commercialization of each of the 18 currently active projects

    Modeling Requirements Propagation to Generate Solutions for Minimizing Mass

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    This thesis investigates the issue of weight reduction in moderately complex systems by addressing how to cascade the requirements to the individual components. Though mass can be reduced using different techniques such as material substitution or structural optimization; a systematic method for allocating mass as a function of requirements is necessary to provide novel alternate solutions that enable reduction of mass of the system while satisfying the requirements and tests governing them. Such a method can be developed by exploring different aspects of achieving weight reduction through change propagation in the parameters/elements governing the system. Though efforts have been made to the propagation of change in complex systems in terms of its impact on the system, current research has not yet developed a systematic method to generate novel solutions for mass reduction at the component level and assembly level by modeling the requirements propagation. The hypothesis to validate in this thesis is that a systematic method would facilitate generation of solutions at an assembly level of the system by eliminating non-functional requirements, merging functions or finding alternate working principles and their embodiment that satisfy the functionalities, requirements and tests imposed on that system. A case study is conducted on the BMW Z4 cooling system and it is observed that additional solutions are generated at a higher level of the hierarchy. Also, a visualization tool and accompanying algorithms to generate solutions at the component level using the multiple matrix method (a method developed by the research group as a part of the BMW project) has been developed to facilitate change propagation and traceability

    Aerospace Medicine and Biology. A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 151

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    This bibliography lists 195 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in January 1976

    Functional options and design concepts

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณตํ•™์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์‘์šฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๋ฐ•์šฐ์ง„.Many studies are being conducted on technologies directly related to the commercialization of automated driving vehicles and the enactment of related laws. Additional studies, however, are insufficient. In particular, automated driving vehicles do not need human driving, so unlike conventional vehicles, the drivers obtain the freedom to do other activities inside the vehicle. The aim of this paper is to collect previous research data and to predict and analyze various activities expected from the passengers of automated driving vehicles. Also, this paper investigates and analyzes the functions and arrangements of passenger plane and ship seats, as well as the current vehicle seats. Then, it proposes the functions and features of seats required by automated driving vehicles. In addition, it checks the validity of the predictions by comparing them with automated driving concept vehicles submitted to motor shows and CES by the global automakers, the Tier1, and 2 automotive suppliers. Patents for applications, registrations, and prospective registrations were investigated to identify trends in automated driving vehicle seat technology. It also draws out what is different from the current vehicle seats in automated driving vehicle seats. It was intended to suggest the direction to move forward in the research and development of seats for automated driving vehicles. And this paper not only proposed the function and features of seats of automated driving vehicles that have not yet been commercialized, but also considered possible problems during commercialization and suggested solutions to them. The upcoming automated driving vehicle regulation trends have been investigated to confirm the validity of this paper. Based on this, additional studies needed for commercialization of automated driving vehicles were considered.์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์˜ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ์ œ์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฐจ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ์‹œํŠธ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฌ๊ฐ์„ ์˜ ์‹œํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์‡ผ์™€ CES์— ์ถœํ’ˆ๋œ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์˜ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถœ์› ๋ฐ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ ์‹œํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์˜ ์‹œํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‹œํŠธ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์˜ ์‹œํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์˜ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์˜ ํ‹€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์˜ ์‹ค๋‚ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.Abstract i Contents iii List of Tables v List of Fugures vii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Study background 1 1.2 Purpose of research 4 1.3 The composition of thesis 6 2. Research for Functional Requirement of Automated Driving Vehicle Seating 8 2.1 Method 8 2.2 In-Vehicle activities research 11 2.2.1 In-Vehicle activities on public transportation 13 2.2.2 In-Vehicle activities of automated driving vehicles. 14 2.3 Vehicle seat research 14 2.3.1 Automotive seat function research 15 2.3.2 Benchmarking research 23 3. Prediction in Automated Driving Vehicle Seating 26 3.1 Prediction in Automotive Seat Function, at Each Level of Driving Automation (SAE J3016) 26 3.2 Prediction in Automotive Seat Function from Chapter.2 27 3.3 Automated Driving Concept Vehicle Research 31 3.4 Automated Driving Seat Patent Research 37 4. Problems with Commercialization of Automated Driving Vehicle Seating 41 4.1 Motion Sickness (Car Sickness) 41 4.2 Seat Variation in Response to Various Passenger Scenarios (Validation and Verification Issue) 45 5. Discussion and Conclusions 51 5.1 Limitations 51 5.2 Discussion and future works 52 Babliography 54 Abstract (In Korean) 60Maste

    Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 314)

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    This bibliography lists 144 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in Feb. 1995. Subject coverage includes: design, construction and testing of aircraft and aircraft engines; aircraft components, equipment, and systems; ground support systems; and theoretical and applied aspects of aerodynamics and general fluid dynamics
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