8,459 research outputs found

    Examples of works to practice staccato technique in clarinet instrument

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    Klarnetin staccato tekniğini güçlendirme aşamaları eser çalışmalarıyla uygulanmıştır. Staccato geçişlerini hızlandıracak ritim ve nüans çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli amacı sadece staccato çalışması değil parmak-dilin eş zamanlı uyumunun hassasiyeti üzerinde de durulmasıdır. Staccato çalışmalarını daha verimli hale getirmek için eser çalışmasının içinde etüt çalışmasına da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmaların üzerinde titizlikle durulması staccato çalışmasının ilham verici etkisi ile müzikal kimliğe yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Sekiz özgün eser çalışmasının her aşaması anlatılmıştır. Her aşamanın bir sonraki performans ve tekniği güçlendirmesi esas alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada staccato tekniğinin hangi alanlarda kullanıldığı, nasıl sonuçlar elde edildiği bilgisine yer verilmiştir. Notaların parmak ve dil uyumu ile nasıl şekilleneceği ve nasıl bir çalışma disiplini içinde gerçekleşeceği planlanmıştır. Kamış-nota-diyafram-parmak-dil-nüans ve disiplin kavramlarının staccato tekniğinde ayrılmaz bir bütün olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada literatür taraması yapılarak staccato ile ilgili çalışmalar taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda klarnet tekniğin de kullanılan staccato eser çalışmasının az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Metot taramasında da etüt çalışmasının daha çok olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylelikle klarnetin staccato tekniğini hızlandırma ve güçlendirme çalışmaları sunulmuştur. Staccato etüt çalışmaları yapılırken, araya eser çalışmasının girmesi beyni rahatlattığı ve istekliliği daha arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Staccato çalışmasını yaparken doğru bir kamış seçimi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Staccato tekniğini doğru çalışmak için doğru bir kamışın dil hızını arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Doğru bir kamış seçimi kamıştan rahat ses çıkmasına bağlıdır. Kamış, dil atma gücünü vermiyorsa daha doğru bir kamış seçiminin yapılması gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Staccato çalışmalarında baştan sona bir eseri yorumlamak zor olabilir. Bu açıdan çalışma, verilen müzikal nüanslara uymanın, dil atış performansını rahatlattığını ortaya koymuştur. Gelecek nesillere edinilen bilgi ve birikimlerin aktarılması ve geliştirici olması teşvik edilmiştir. Çıkacak eserlerin nasıl çözüleceği, staccato tekniğinin nasıl üstesinden gelinebileceği anlatılmıştır. Staccato tekniğinin daha kısa sürede çözüme kavuşturulması amaç edinilmiştir. Parmakların yerlerini öğrettiğimiz kadar belleğimize de çalışmaların kaydedilmesi önemlidir. Gösterilen azmin ve sabrın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yapıt başarıyı daha da yukarı seviyelere çıkaracaktır

    China’s approach to international law and the Belt and Road Initiative - perspectives from international investment law

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    This dissertation examines China’s approach to international law. In order to do so, it compares the country’s stance on international dispute resolution in past and present times. After a first historical chapter outlining China’s changeable relationship with international adjudication, the thesis subsequently focuses on contemporary developments. The emphasis here is on international instruments and mechanisms that China uses to protect investments within the Belt and Road Initiative. This dissertation combines doctrinal analysis with concrete case studies and applies deductive as well as inductive methods. The study of the legal dimension of the initiative leads to the basic assumption that two coexisting regulatory complexes provide investment protection within the initiative. Accordingly, as a first complex, the dissertation analyses China’s design of investment protection treaties and China’s stance in the reform debate on the future of in-vestment arbitration. As an outcome, the analysis claims that even though the first complex does not relate specifically to the Belt and Road Initiative, this complex nevertheless has inextricable links to China’s approach in the initiative’s context. Soft law documents, which China has concluded with both state and non-state actors, and informal mechanisms of dispute resolution form the second regulatory complex. The study investigates their functions for investment protection in the Belt and Road Initiative. In an overall view of the two regulatory complexes, this dissertation finds that China uses strictly legal and rather political methods for investment protection. In the synopsis of this result with the findings obtained from the historical part, the study concludes that China follows a realist approach to international law

    The Disputation: The Enduring Representations in William Holman Hunt's “The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple,” 1860

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    This interdisciplinary thesis problematizes the Jewish presence in the painting The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple (1860) by William Holman Hunt. This “Jewish presence” refers to characters within the painting, Jews who posed for the picture and the painting’s portrayal of Judaism. The thesis takes a phenomenological and hermeneutical approach to The Finding providing careful description and interpretation of what appears in the painting. It situates the painting within a newly configured genre of disputation paintings depicting the Temple scene from the Gospel of Luke (2:47 – 52). It asks two questions. Why does The Finding look the way it does? And how did Holman Hunt know how to create the picture? Under the rubric of the first question, it explores and challenges customary accounts of the painting, explicitly challenging the over reliance upon F.G. Stephens’s pamphlet. Additionally, it examines Pre-Raphaelite and Victorian religious contexts and bringing hitherto unacknowledged artistic contexts to the fore. The second question examines less apparent influences through an analysis of the originary Lukan narrative in conjunction with the under-examined genre of Temple “disputation” paintings, and a legacy of scholarly and religious disputation. This demonstrates a discourse of disputation informing The Finding over and above the biblical narrative. In showing that this discourse strongly correlates with the painting’s objectifying and spectacular properties, this thesis provides a new way to understand The Finding’s orientalism which is further revealed in its typological critical reworking of two Christian medieval and renaissance paintings. As a demonstration of the discourse, the thesis includes an examination of Jewish artists who addressed the theme of disputation overtly or obliquely thereby engaging with and challenging the assumptions upon which the disputation rests

    Towards a sociology of conspiracy theories: An investigation into conspiratorial thinking on Dönmes

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    This thesis investigates the social and political significance of conspiracy theories, which has been an academically neglected topic despite its historical relevance. The academic literature focuses on the methodology, social significance and political impacts of these theories in a secluded manner and lacks empirical analyses. In response, this research provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for conspiracy theories by considering their methodology, political impacts and social significance in the light of empirical data. Theoretically, the thesis uses Adorno's semi-erudition theory along with Girardian approach. It proposes that conspiracy theories are methodologically semi-erudite narratives, i.e. they are biased in favour of a belief and use reason only to prove it. It suggests that conspiracy theories appear in times of power vacuum and provide semi-erudite cognitive maps that relieve alienation and ontological insecurities of people and groups. In so doing, they enforce social control over their audience due to their essentialist, closed-to-interpretation narratives. In order to verify the theory, the study analyses empirically the social and political significance of conspiracy theories about the Dönme community in Turkey. The analysis comprises interviews with conspiracy theorists, conspiracy theory readers and political parties, alongside a frame analysis of the popular conspiracy theory books on Dönmes. These confirm the theoretical framework by showing that the conspiracy theories are fed by the ontological insecurities of Turkish society. Hence, conspiracy theorists, most readers and some political parties respond to their own ontological insecurities and political frustrations through scapegoating Dönmes. Consequently, this work shows that conspiracy theories are important symptoms of society, which, while relieving ontological insecurities, do not provide politically prolific narratives

    How to Be a God

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    When it comes to questions concerning the nature of Reality, Philosophers and Theologians have the answers. Philosophers have the answers that can’t be proven right. Theologians have the answers that can’t be proven wrong. Today’s designers of Massively-Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games create realities for a living. They can’t spend centuries mulling over the issues: they have to face them head-on. Their practical experiences can indicate which theoretical proposals actually work in practice. That’s today’s designers. Tomorrow’s will have a whole new set of questions to answer. The designers of virtual worlds are the literal gods of those realities. Suppose Artificial Intelligence comes through and allows us to create non-player characters as smart as us. What are our responsibilities as gods? How should we, as gods, conduct ourselves? How should we be gods

    Regionale Automobilkulturen zwischen (Re)Produktion und Wandel

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    Vor dem Hintergrund des sich beschleunigenden Klimawandels und eines wachsenden gesellschaftli-chen Verständnisses, dass etablierte Lebensweisen schwerwiegende soziale und ökologische Krisen hervorrufen, erfährt die Idee der „Transformation“ zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit in Wissenschaft, Wirt‐schaft und Gesellschaft. Gerade im Bereich Mobilität wird die Notwendigkeit einer grundlegenden und schnellen Kehrtwende zunehmend kontrovers diskutiert. Automobilproduktion und -nutzung sind da-bei Paradebeispiele für nicht-nachhaltige Praktiken und Lebensweisen. Debatten um eine tiefgreifende Transformation der deutschen Automobilindustrie nehmen deshalb vermehrt Fahrt auf. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der sozialwissenschaftlichen Erforschung mobiler Lebensweisen, mit einem explizit kultursensitiven Blick auf den Wandel der Automobilproduktion in Süddeutschland und der damit verknüpften Transformation der Mobilität. Sie leistet somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis regionaler Mobilitätskulturen als Mobilitätskulturlandschaften. Dabei steht die Stabilität von nicht-nachhaltigen Mobilitätskulturen und besonders die Persistenz von Automobilkul-turen im Fokus. Gleichzeitig werden Produktion und Konsum von Mobilität auf innovative Weise kon-zeptionell zusammengebracht und damit etablierte theoretische Perspektiven auf Mobilitätskulturen erheblich erweitert. Die symbolischen Eigenschaften und kulturellen Bedeutungen des Autos bzw. des Autofahrens in Deutschland sind bereits wissenschaftlich belegt. Die Rolle der Automobilproduktion für regionale Au-tokulturlandschaften in Süddeutschland ist hingegen kaum (sozial)wissenschaftlich erforscht. Die Ar-beit widmet sich deshalb explizit den kulturellen Verbindungen zwischen Automobilproduktion und -nutzung als feste Bestandteile regionaler Mobilitätskulturen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung regionaler Autokulturlandschaften nutzt einen kultursensitiven For-schungsansatz, der in einer kritischen diskursorientierten Humangeographie verankert ist. Ein starker Fokus auf Konfliktorientierung und Kontrastierung eignet sich hier besonders, um die Heterogenität und Relationalität kultureller Bedeutungen einzufangen und konfliktreiche sowie marginalisierte As-pekte interpretativ zu erfassen. Eine vergleichende und kontrastierende Einzelfallstudie ermöglicht die kontextsensitive Erforschung des Wandels der Automobilindustrie in zwei Regionen. Die Umsetzung der vergleichenden Fallstudie umfasst einen Mix aus qualitativen Forschungsmethoden, um die kon-fliktreichen Bedeutungen und Praktiken am empirischen Objekt analytisch sowohl materiell als auch sprachlich zu erfassen und eine dichte Beschreibung von Mobilitätskulturen in den beiden Untersu-chungsräumen zu ermöglichen. Der empirische Teil der Arbeit belegt drei Mobilitätskulturen deren sprachliche und materielle Ausprä-gungen sowohl Divergenzen als auch Konvergenzen aufweisen. Mobilität ist in allen drei Kulturen wich-tig und dient der Erfüllung gesellschaftlicher Ziele. Gleichzeitig bildet Mobilität einen essentiellen Teil des gesamtgesellschaftlichen Modernisierungsprojekts. Bei der Transformation der Automobilindust-rie geht es deshalb um weit mehr als nur um die Frage der Antriebstechnologie der Zukunft. Eine Au-tomobilkultur, die Automobilproduktion und individuelle Automobilität haben lange Zeit eine gesellschaftliche Modernisierung mit Beschäftigungswachstum, Mobilitätssteigerung und wirtschaftli-chem Wachstum ermöglicht. Es wird deshalb nach einer Fortführung dieses gesellschaftlichen Moder-nisierungsprojekts in Form einer angepassten Mobilitätskulturlandschaft gesucht. Das Modernisierungsprojekt einer „produktiven Mobilisierung“ steht dabei im Zentrum aktueller und zu-künftiger kultureller Auseinandersetzungen. Mobilität wird hier begriffen als ein gesellschaftlicher Pro-zess, der mobilmacht, beschäftigt und wertschöpfend ist. Das Thema Beschäftigung bildet einen gut sichtbaren Konfliktherd im Verhältnis der drei Mobilitäts-kulturen und den daran gekoppelten Vorstellungen von der Transformation der Automobilindustrie. Arbeit bzw. der Erhalt von Arbeitsplätzen bildet ein gewichtiges kulturelles Argument, warum indivi-duelle Mobilität mit dem Auto und Automobilkulturen erhalten werden sollen. Das Thema Beschäfti-gung kann auch dahingehend als wirkmächtig angesehen werden, dass es alle Mobilitätskulturen in automobilproduzierenden Regionen betrifft und gleichermaßen bedeutungsvoll für Veränderungen der Mobilitätsproduktion und des Mobilitätskonsums ist. Die Dimension der Beschäftigung ist damit keine externe Größe, sondern eng verwoben mit dem Modernisierungsprojekt von Mobilitätskulturen in automobilproduzierenden Regionen. Die Arbeit in der Automobilproduktion steht symbolisch dafür, dass das Modernisierungsprojekt nach wie vor funktioniert und als erhaltenswert angesehen wird, auch von Bevölkerungsteilen, die selbst gar nicht in der Automobilproduktion arbeiten. Basierend auf dieser empirischen Betrachtung kommt diese Arbeit zu dem Schluss, dass eine grundle-gende mobilitätskulturelle Veränderung in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit in diesen Regionen nicht möglich ist, solange der Diskurs der „produktiven Mobilität“ die Zieldimension der Modernisierung von auto-mobilen Gesellschaften darstellt. Die Arbeit stellt hierfür einen Denkanstoß vor, der die Reduktion von Mobilität und die gezielte Förderung von bestimmten Formen der Immobilität in den Fokus eines al-ternativen Modernisierungsprojekts stellt. Dieses Gedankenexperiment knüpft hier an die derzeitigen Immobilisierungserfahrungen von Gesellschaften in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie an. Die Reduktion von Mobilität stellt ein großes Potential dar, um die Pfade einer individuellen Automobilität mit ihren negativen sozial-ökologischen Konsequenzen zu verlassen und eine „echte“ Transformation der mobi‐len Lebensweisen zu ermöglichen

    Strung pieces: on the aesthetics of television fiction series

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    As layered and long works, television fiction series have aesthetic properties that are built over time, bit by bit. This thesis develops a group of concepts that enable the study of these properties, It argues that a series is made of strung pieces, a system of related elements. The text begins by considering this sequential form within the fields of film and television. This opening chapter defines the object and methodology of research, arguing for a non-essentialist distinction between cinema and television and against the adequacy of textual and contextual analyses as approaches to the aesthetics of these shows. It proposes instead that these programmes should be described as televisual works that can be scrutinised through aesthetic analysis. The next chapters propose a sequence of interrelated concepts. The second chapter contends that series are composed of building blocks that can be either units into which series are divided or motifs that unify series and are dispersed across their pans. These blocks are patterned according to four kinds of relations or principles of composition. Repetition and variation are treated in tandem in the third chapter because of their close connection, given that variation emerges from established repetition. Exception and progression are also discussed together in the fourth chapter since they both require a long view of these serial works. The former, in order to be recognised as a deviation from the patterns of repetition and variation. The latter, In order to be understood in Its many dimensions as the series advances. Each of these concepts is further detailed with additional distinctions between types of units, motifs, repetitions, variations, and exceptions, using illustrative examples from numerous shows. In contrast, the section on progression uses a single series as case study, Carnivàle (2003-05), because this is the overarching principle that encompasses all the others. The conclusion considers the findings of the research and suggests avenues for their application

    The Politics of Local Disaster Management in Thailand, A Poststructuralist Discourse Analysis of Earthquake Governance in the Upper Northern Region

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    Although disaster management has become an effective approach through which the security of society can be secured, it has produced failure and conflict in some circumstances. The academic approach given to this phenomena has often been criticised, namely in relation to how attention is given predominantly to technical and positivist means and thus how social and political dimensions are not adequately considered. Importantly, these neglected factors play a crucial role in determining the success and/or failure of disaster management. Drawing upon Poststructuralist Discourse Theory, this thesis develops a new conceptual framework to critically explain the politics of disaster management, thus revealing the issues that are embedded in the construction of, and political practices involved in responding to, disaster management. It further analyses the politics of disaster management surrounding the 2014 Chiang Rai Earthquake of Thailand. At the national level, the thesis characterises disaster management via four key logics - security, bureaucracy, managerialism and hybridity - showing how their merging in a hybrid form has caused failure/conflict. The discourses that surfaced in this context are demonstrated to have manifested a political space in which local residents used logics of the community to politicise issues and to challenge the state. Conversely, logics of uncertainty and professionalisation were used as de/re-politicisation mechanisms by provincial agencies to regain authority. This thesis considers such disaster management as contested political terrain where political strategies were implemented through anti- and pro-central disaster management projects. The thesis contributes to Disaster Management Studies in three ways – by offering an alternative means of conducting research as to disaster management politics, exemplifying the benefits of applying a logics approach in explaining the political practices involved in disaster management and calling for further analysis to be given as to the role of subjective desires and the affective register in this field

    The new age of fear: an analysis of crisis framing by right-wing populist parties in Greece and France

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    From the 2009 Eurozone economic downturn, to the 2015 mass movement of forcibly displaced migrants and the current COVID-19 pandemic, crises have seemingly become a ‘new normal’ feature of European politics. During this decade, rolling crises generated a wave of public discontent that damaged the legitimacy of national governments and the European Union and heralded a renaissance of populism. The central message of populist parties, which helped them rise in popularity or enter parliament for the first time, is simple but very effective: democratic representation has been undermined by national and global elites. This has provoked a wealth of studies seeking to explain the rise or breakthrough of populist fringe parties, without adequate consideration of how crises transform, not only the demand side, but also the supply of populist arguments, which has received scarce attention. This thesis seeks to address this imbalance by synthesising insights from the crisis framing literature, which facilitates an understanding and operationalisation of populism as a style of discourse. To assess how far-right parties employ this discourse, and the implications of this for their electoral prospects, a comparative case-study design is employed, exploring the discourse of parties, the National Rally (NR) in France and Golden Dawn (GD) in Greece. Their ideologically similar profile but differential electoral performance, allows for a more nuanced analysis of their respective framing strategies. The thesis examines the discourse of the two parties MPs on month by month basis over a four year period, 2012-2015 for GD and 2012-2013 and 2016-2017 for NR, via the use of the NVivo software. Their respective discourses are quantified and broken down into four key areas associated with Foreign Policy, the Economy, the Political System and Society, analysing the content, frequency and salience of key crisis frames. Discourse analysis of excerpts adds a qualitative element to the analysis that showcases the substantial differences between the two case studies. The analysis demonstrates that references to ‘the people’ and anti-elitism were the centrepieces of each case study’s discourse with strong nativist and nationalist elements. The two parties were extremely similar in the diagnostic stage of their framing and the way which they attribute blame for the crises. However, their discursive strategies diverge regarding their proposed solutions to the crises. Golden Dawn remained a single issue party in terms of discourse, since it never presented a comprehensive plan for ending the crises. As a result, Golden Dawn’s discourse remained one-dimensional throughout its brief period of success, being centred solely on attributing blame and attacking its political opponents and the European Union. On the other hand, National Rally’s framing was more elaborate and ambitious both in terms of the variety of issues raised and, especially, the proposed solutions if advocated. This, it is argued, contributed to the evolution of RN into a mainstream competitor that is no longer dependent on a niche part of the electoral market, while the inability of GD to develop equally successful crisis frames offers a unique understanding as to why the party failed electorally and was unable to enter Parliament in the 2019 elections. The overall analysis produces a rich framework that maps out the key elements of populist crisis discourse by far-right parties, which has implications for electoral politics and for our understanding of populism, more broadly

    Human Rights practitioners’ approach to refugees and migrants. A therapeutic psychosocial perspective.

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    This thesis advances the argument that the best way to address the needs of involuntarily dislocated populations is to develop a combined framework that includes both psychosocial and therapeutic perspectives as well as human rights principles. Based on my professional experience as a refugee lawyer, I argue that only such a combined framework can adequately respond to the complexity of the refugee realities. Moreover, I demonstrate that, in some circumstances, the application only of human right rules can violate the same rights that they are meant to protect. I suggest that human rights practitioners are more likely to become aware of the real needs of those we help and, thus, provide them with targeted interventions, once we add a psychosocial perspective to our work. It is in this sense that our endeavours become therapeutic, which should be distinguished from offering them psychotherapy. The added therapeutic dimension also benefits refugees by rescuing them from developing victim identities. This empowering and participatory model of interaction also assists them with an awareness of their existing resources as well as of those new strengths they acquire from their exposure to adversity. Finally, they benefit from an improved level of self reflexivity and a deeper consideration of the socio-political and cultural contexts that act as background to the migratory experience. This study examines various possible applications of this proposed combined framework, ranging from the enrichment of the refugee lawyers curricula with tenets of psychosocial perspectives to the addition of a therapeutic dimension to the hearings of migration/asylum courts
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