ANALISIS PERANCANGAN SISTEM (WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING) WDM-PON PADA TEKNOLOGI XG-PON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE OPTISYSTEM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perancangan dari sistem WDM-PON pada teknologi XG-PON dengan menggunakan software optisystem. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Telkom Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Jakarta pada bulan Agustus 2016 – Januari 2017 Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode rekayasa teknik yaitu merancang dan menganalisis sistem WDM-PON pada teknologi XG-PON dengan menggunakan software optisystem. Teknologi XG-PON merupakan pengembangan dari teknologi G-PON. Perbedaan XG-PON dengan G-PON adalah bitrate nya. Pada XG-PON mencapai 10 Gbps pada sisi downstream dan 2,5 Gbps pada sisi upstream. Pada perancangan penelitian ini memiliki beberapa parameter data yang diambil, antara lain Q factor , Bit Error Rate dan Power Budget. Rancang jaringan WDM-PON pada teknologi XG-PON menggunakan aplikasi optisystem ini sudah melalui tahap simulasi dengan cara mengubah jarak 10 – 50 Km dan mengubah nilai PTX sebesar 2-8 dBm pada aplikasi optisystem. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil perhitungan dan simulasi dari rancangan WDM-PON pada Teknologi XG-PON. Hasil yang didapatkan dari rancangan WDM-PON pada teknologi XG- PON adalah layak dengan memenuhi standard jaringan yang ada dengan Power Link Budget sebesar -27.54dBm. Serta mendapatkan hasil dari penelitian Bit Erorr Rate terhadap jarak dimana semakin dekat jarak maka Bit Erorr Rate akan semakin bagus dan bila semakin jauh jarak maka Bit Erorr Rate akan semakin buruk. This study aims to analyze the design of the WDM-PON system on XG-PON technology using optisystem software. This research was conducted in Telkom Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, State University of Jakarta in August 2016 - January 2017 The method used in this research is engineering method that is designing and analyzing WDM- PON system on XG-PON technology using optisystem software. XG-PON technology is a development of G-PON technology. The difference of XG-PON with G-PON is its bitrate. At XG-PON reach 10 Gbps on the downstream side and 2.5 Gbps on the upstream side. In designing this research has some parameter data taken, among others Q factor, Bit Error Rate and Power Budget. Design the WDM-PON network on XG-PON technology using this optisystem application has gone through the simulation phase by changing the distance of 10 - 50 Km and changing the PTX value of 2-8 dBm in the optisystem application. In this study obtained the calculation and simulation of the design of WDM-PON on XG-PON Technology. The results obtained from WDM-PON design on XG-PON technology are feasible by meeting existing network standards with Power Link Budget of -27.54dBm. And get the results of research Bit Erorr Rate to the distance where the closer the distance then Bit Erorr Rate will be better and if the further distance then Bit Erorr Rate will get worse

Alignment of lines in space (with particular reference to laser-fibre coupling)

The object of this work (featuring the study of alignment of lines in space) is to produce a novel system for automatic production of optoelectronic components. It begins by reviewing the different components associated with optical fibre transmission and examines the existing laser-fibre coupling methods. The manual alignment technique adopted by STC to align a laser beam with a monomode optical fibre is then presented. The various interpretations of alignment are explored. The results obtained from the analysis determine the type of manipulator required for laser to optical fibre coupling. The central axis of a divergent beam emitted by a semi-conductor laser diode is manipulated for alignment with the axis of the fibre. Such an alignment places stringent displacement tolerance and accuracy demands on the manipulator. To construct a manipulator, actuators need to be coupled together. The coWling methods are studied and presented. Prior to this study, commercially available actuators are surveyed leading to the selecticin of the Oriel Encoder Mike actuator. This actuator exhibits some inherent control problems but meets the laser-fibre coupling accuracy demands. Various types of couplings are also examined based on the expansion of the Kelvin coupling for the construction of a four degree of freedom manipulator. A computational algorithm analogous to that used to solve two plane balancing problems is sucessfully tested on this manipulator for alignment of a conventional He-Ne laser beam with the centres of two transparent screens. This algorithm requires linearity for its success. For this reason and for purposes of completeness, spatial displacement characteristics of the manipulator are analysed and confirmed experimentally. This work ends with the ocnstruction. and testing of a program based on a hill climbing technique for the control of a three degree of freedom (Oriel Encoder Mike) manipulator to align a laser beam emitted by a semi-conductor laser diode with a monomode optical fibre

GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF ENHANCED, COST EFFECTIVE NETWORKS IN A MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT

Investigations into the transmission of real-time interactive speech over local area networks (LAN) in an industriai/commerciai environment to eventually obviate the need for a private automatic branch exchange and ultimately prepare the way for a single interactive integrated information system (PS) that provides work stations, which are networked via a LAN, with a fully interactive speech and graphics facility commensurate with the future requirements in computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). The reasons for conducting this programme of research were that existing LANs do not offer a real time interactive speech facility. Any verbal communication between workstation users on the LAN has to be carried out over a telephone network (PABX). This necessitates the provision of a second completely separate network with its associated costs. Initial investigations indicate that there is sufGcient capacity on existing LANs to support both data and real-time speech provided certain data packet delay criteria can be met. Earlier research work (in the late 1980s) has been conducted at Bell Labs and MIT. [Ref 25, 27 & 28], University of Strathclyde [Ref 24] and at BTRL [Ref 22 and 37]. In all of these cases the real time implementation issues were not fijlly addressed. In this thesis the research work reported provides the main criteria for the implementation of real-time interactive speech on both existing and newly installed networks. With such enhanced communication facilities, designers and engineers on the shop floor can be projected into their suppliers, providing a much greater integration between manufacturer and supplier which will be beneficial as Concurrent and Simultaneous Engineering Methodologies are further developed. As a result, various LANs have been evaluated as to their suitability for the transmission of real time interactive speech. As LANs, in general, can be separated into those with either deterministic or stochastic access mechanisms, investigations were carried out into the ability of both the: (i) Token Passing Bus LANs supporting the Manufacturing and Automation Protocol (MAP)—Deterministic and (u) Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) LANs supporting the Technical Office Protocol (TOP)— Stochastic to support real time interactive speech, as both are used extensively in commerce and manufacturing. The thesis that real time interactive speech can be transmitted over LANs employed in a computer integrated manufacturing environment has to be moderated following the tests carried out in this work, as follows:- The Token Passing LAN presents no serious problems under normal traffic conditions, however, the CSMA/CD LAN can only be used in relatively light traffic conditions i.e. below 30% of its designed maximum capacity, providing special arrangements are made to minimise the access, transmission and processing delays of speech packets. Given that a certain amount of delay is inevitable in packet switched systems (LANs), investigations have been carried out into techniques for reducing the subjective efifect of speech packet loss on real-time interactive systems due to the unacceptable delays caused by the conditions mentioned above

Architectures and Novel Functionalities for Optical Access OFDM Networks "Arquitecturas y Nuevas Funcionalidades para Redes OFDM de Acceso Óptico"

En los últimos años ha habido un gran aumento en el despliegue de redes de acceso ópticas de fibra hasta el hogar (FTTH, del inglés fibre-to-the home). FTTH es una solución flexible, una tecnología de acceso de futuro que permite proporcionar tasas de datos del orden de Gbit/s por ususario. Diversos estudios indican que FTTH se convertirá en la diferencia clave entre los operadores más importantes. Además, FTTH es la única tecnolotgía capaz de crear nuevas fuentes de ingresos de aplicaciones de alta velocidad, como por ejemple entretenimiento de alta definición (vído y juegos de alta definición...) Dede el punto de vista del operador, una de las vientajas importantes que proporciona FTTH es que permite una mayor eficiencia operativa en coparción con otras tecnologías de acceso, principalmente por la reducción de costes de mantenimiento y de operación. Además, FTTH reduce los requisitos de los equipos de las centrales. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como ojetivo extender estas ventajas más allá del concepto FTTH mediante la integración de la red óptica de distribución desplegada dentro del hogar así como el enlace radio final de corto o medio alcance inalámbrico. Esto proporciona una arquitctura de red FFTH integrada de extremo a extremo. De este modo, los beneficios de la reducción de costes operativos y mayor eficiencia se extienden hasta el usuario final de la red. En esta tesis doctoral, se propone una arqutectura de acceso integrada óptica-radio basada en la multiplexación por división ortogonal de fecuencia (OFDM, del inglés orthogonal frequency división multiplexing) para proporcionar diferentes servicios al usuario como Internet, teléfono/voz, televisión de lata definición, conexión inalámbrica y seguridad en el hogar. Las señales OFDM se utilizan en muchos estándares inalámbricos como las señales de banda ultraancha (UWB, del inglés ultra-wide band), WiMAX, LTE, WLAN, DVB-T o DAB. Estos formatos aprovechan las características intrínsecas de la modulación OFDM como su mayor inmunidad ante desvanecimiento multi-camino. Esta tesis incluye la propuesta y la demostración experimental de la transmisión simultánea y bi-direccional de señales OFDM multi-estándar en radio-sobre-fibra proporcionando servicios triple-play basados en OFDM como UWB para televisión de alta definición, WiMAX para datos de Internet, y LTE para el servicio telefónico.Morant Perez, M. (2012). Architectures and Novel Functionalities for Optical Access OFDM Networks "Arquitecturas y Nuevas Funcionalidades para Redes OFDM de Acceso Óptico" [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15076Palanci

Development of high-speed fibre-optical laser scanning system for defect recogntion

High-speed fibre-optic laser scanning systems are being used in automated industrial manufacturing environments to determine surface defects. Recent methods of surface defect detection involve the use of fibre-optic light emitting and detection assemblies. This thesis deals with the design and development o f a new high-speed photoelectronic system. In this work, two sources of emitting diode were examined, LED (light emitting diode) and laser diode. A line of five emitting diodes and five receiving photodiodes were used as light sources and detectors respectively. These arrays of emitting diodes and photodectectors were positioned opposite each other. Data capture was controlled and analysed by PC using Labview software. The system was used to measure the dimensions of the surface defects, such as holes (1 mm), blind holes (2 mm) and notches in different materials. The achieved results show that even though this system was used mainly for 2-D scanning, it may also be operated as a limited 3-D vision inspection system. This system furthermore showed that all the metal materials examined were able to reflect a signal of the infrared wavelength. A newly developed technique o f using an angled array o f fibres allows an adjustable resolution to be obtained with the system, with a maximum system resolution of approximately 1 0 0 |im (the diameter o f the collecting fibre core). This system was successfully used to measure various materials surface profile, surface roughness, thickness, and reflectivity. Aluminum, stainless steel, brass, copper, tufnol, and polycarbonate materials were all capable of being examined with the system. The advantages of this new system may be seen as faster detection, lower cost, less bulky, greater resolution and flexibility

Digital anisochronous pulse time modulation techniques.

Digital anisochronous pulse time modulation (PTM) techniques are alternative schemes for transmission of signals over optical fibre communication links. Modulation is simple and low cost and has the ability to trade performance with bandwidth overhead. Pulse interval width code modulation (PIWCM) and pulse interval code modulation (PICM) belong to the category of schemes where the former offers built in frame synchronisation capability and the latter offers improved receiver sensitivity.This thesis is concerned with analysis, design, simulation and physical implementation of PIWCM and PICM for a single channel system. Original mathematical expressions are given for code characteristics, transmission capacity and power spectral density for both schemes, which explain the the anisochronous nature of the code formats. A simulation model based upon Matlab has been developed for both schemes to assist the development of the implementation process. Analytical and simulated results are presented along with the evaluation of error sources and their impact upon the system performance. The PIWCM and PICM modulators/demodulators are formulated around analogue-to-digital converters and purpose designed Moore state machines, in order to generate the code formats and timing information needed to synchronise transmitter and receiver modules. Depending on source connection, the system is capable of transmitting PCM coded parallel binary information or directly sampled analogue message signals.A complete system operating at 1 Mb/s has been designed, constructed and analysed. The results obtained are in close agreement with predicted and simulated data, indicating the potential of such schemes for wide-band transmission