Embedded piezodiagnostics for online structural damage detection based on PCA algorithm

This work discusses a methodology used to implement a data-driven strategy for Structural Health Monitoring. First, the instrumentation of the equipment is detailed by describing the main components to be installed in the test structure in order to produce guide d waves. Specifically, an active piezo active system is used for this purpose , which consists of piezoelectric devices attached to the test structure surface and an ac quisition system. Then, the programming procedure to embed the damage detection algorithm is defined. In particular, the mathematical foundations and software requirements for impleme nting the preprocessing stage, baseline model building, and statistical index computation are specified. As a result, the Odroid-U3 computational core has the capability t o perform online damage assessment. Finally, some validation tests are presented through videos and short real time demonstration. Experimental data are recorded from two test specimens: i.) a lab carbon steel pipe loop built to emulate leak scenarios, and ii.) an aluminum plate, where mass adding is used to emulate reversible damages. The results reported i n this work show the high feasibility of the proposal methodology for obtaining an online embedded monitoring system with several advantages such as low cost, easy configuration, expandability and few computational resourcesPostprint (published version

Multichannel detection of acoustic emissions and localization of the source by using a hybrid programming system

The detection of acoustic emissions with multiple channels and different kind of sensors (ultrasound electronic sensors and optical fiber sensors) is presented. The source localization based on the times of arrival is also carried out and different strategies for solving the location equations are compared. The most efficient strategy in terms of computational and complexity costs versus performance has been selected and the error propagation is analyzed. The errors of the acoustic emission source location (localization process) are evaluated from the errors of the times of arrival (detection process). For that, a hybrid programming architecture is proposed. It is formed by a virtual instrumentation system for the acquisition and the detection of multiple acoustic channels and an algorithms-oriented programming system for the implementation of the localization techniques (back-propagation and multiple-source separation algorithms could also be implemented in this system). Finally the communication between both systems is performed by a packet transfer protocol that allows remote operation (e.g. a local monitoring and a remote analysis and diagnosis).This work has been supported by the Spanish National Ministry of Science and Innovation, under the R&D project No. DPI 2009-14628-C03-01 and the scholarship FPI No. BES-2010-042083

Multichannel detection of acoustic emissions and localization of the source with external and internal sensors for partial discharge monitoring of power transformers

The detection of acoustic emissions with multiple channels and different kinds of sensors (external ultrasound electronic sensors and internal optical fiber sensors) for monitoring power transformers is presented. The source localization based on the times of arrival was previously studied, comparing different strategies for solving the location equations and the most efficient strategy in terms of computational and complexity costs versus performance was selected for analyzing the error propagation. The errors of the acoustic emission source location (localization process) are evaluated from the errors of the times of arrival (detection process). A hybrid programming architecture is proposed to optimize both stages of detection and location. It is formed by a virtual instrumentation system for the acquisition, detection and noise reduction of multiple acoustic channels and an algorithms-oriented programming system for the implementation of the localization techniques (back-propagation and multiple-source separation algorithms could also be implemented in this system). The communication between both systems is performed by a packet transfer protocol that allows continuous operation (e.g., on-line monitoring) and remote operation (e.g., a local monitoring and a remote analysis and diagnosis). For the first time, delay errors are modeled and error propagation is applied with this error source and localization algorithms. The 1% mean delay error propagation gives an accuracy of 9.5 mm (dispersion) and a maximum offset of 4 mm (less than 1% in both cases) in the AE source localization process. This increases proportionally for more severe errors (up to 5% reported). In the case of a multi-channel internal fiber-optic detection system, the resulting location error with a delay error of 2% is negligible when selecting the most repeated calculated position. These aim at determining the PD area of activity with a precision of better than 1% (less than 10 mm in 110 cm).This work was supported by the Spanish National Ministry of Science and Innovation, under the R&D project No. DPI 2009-14628-C03-01 and the scholarship FPI No. BES-2010-042083

Contrôle et supervision du procédé d'électrolyse de l'aluminium par système expert = [Control and supervision of the aluminium electrolysis process with expert system]

La cuve d'électrolyse est l'élément central dans la réduction de l'aluminium. En dépit des systèmes de contrôle automatique appliqués sur l'opération des cuves, une quantité significative d'informations sur leurs états n'est pas encore utilisée dans le processus décisionnel. D'ailleurs, la qualité de décision dépend bien souvent de l'opérateur responsable. Ce système expert à base de règles à deux niveaux est construit à partir de l'expertise disponible des opérateurs et de celle des ingénieurs du procédé d'électrolyse. Ce système est conçu pour diagnostiquer autant les cuves de type général que celles de types particuliers. De plus, il peut fonctionner en mode autonome tout en utilisant des données d'entrées locales à la station de travail ou en mode réseau en utilisant les données du procédé réel comme valeur d'entrée. Dans l'architecture réseau, le procédé réel peut être remplacé par un simulateur de cuve (un modèle mathématique) utilisant des mécanismes de transfert d'information semblable au système d'acquisition de données des procédés en temps réel. Cela permet de tester explicitement les tâches du système expert sur la surveillance du procédé et ses alarmes. L'agencement a comme objectif de proposer une aide aux opérateurs pour créer des analyses détaillées de l'état des cuves, de détecter la présence de défaut dans le procédé, de faire l'analyse de tendance et de proposer l'affectation de cible à long terme. Il peut également être présenté à l'ingénieur de contrôle comme référence pour le réglage de points de consigne sur certains régulateurs pertinents. L'architecture de la base de connaissance est conçue de manière à permettre la distribution de l'application aux divers types de cuves afin de simplifier la mise à jour éventuelle du système. C'est pour cette raison que la structure de la base de connaissances et la stratégie de raisonnement sont conçues avec des caractères uniques. Cette thèse fournit l'ensemble de la connaissance saisie au sujet du procédé d'électrolyse de l'aluminium et des secteurs appropriés. Celle-ci comprend la connaissance générale du domaine pour l'ingénierie cognitive aussi bien que la connaissance spéciale pour les types particuliers de cuves. Elle décrit également la construction du système expert et montre quelques exemples accompagnés de discussions détaillées sur différents cas de diagnostique

TECHNART 2017. Non-destructive and microanalytical techniques in art and cultural heritage. Book of abstracts

440 p.TECHNART2017 is the international biannual congress on the application of Analytical Techniques in Art and Cultural Heritage. The aim of this European conference is to provide a scientific forum to present and promote the use of analytical spectroscopic techniques in cultural heritage on a worldwide scale to stimulate contacts and exchange experiences, making a bridge between science and art. This conference builds on the momentum of the previous TECHNART editions of Lisbon, Athens, Berlin, Amsterdam and Catania, offering an outstanding and unique opportunity for exchanging knowledge on leading edge developments. Cultural heritage studies are interpreted in a broad sense, including pigments, stones, metal, glass, ceramics, chemometrics on artwork studies, resins, fibers, forensic applications in art, history, archaeology and conservation science. The meeting is focused in different aspects: - X-ray analysis (XRF, PIXE, XRD, SEM-EDX). - Confocal X-ray microscopy (3D Micro-XRF, 3D Micro-PIXE). - Synchrotron, ion beam and neutron based techniques/instrumentation. - FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. - UV-Vis and NIR absorption/reflectance and fluorescence. - Laser-based analytical techniques (LIBS, etc.). - Magnetic resonance techniques. - Chromatography (GC, HPLC) and mass spectrometry. - Optical imaging and coherence techniques. - Mobile spectrometry and remote sensing

Design innovation for the 1990's

Statement of responsibility on title-page reads: Richard K. Lester, Michael J. Driscoll, Michael W. Golay, David D. Lanning, Lawrence M. Lidsky, Norman C. Rasmussen and Neil E. Todreas"September 1983."Includes bibliographical reference

Payload design requirements analysis (study 2.2). Volume 3. Guideline analysis

Payloads to be launched on the space shuttle/space tug/sortie lab combinations are discussed. The payloads are of four types: (1) expendable, (2) ground refurbishable, (3) on-orbit maintainable, and (4) sortie. Economic comparisons are limited to the four types of payloads described. Additional system guidelines were developed by analyzing two payloads parameterically and demonstrating the results on an example satellite. In addition to analyzing the selected guidelines, emphasis was placed on providing economic tradeoff data and identifying payload parameters influencing the low cost approaches