Self-organizing peer-to-peer social networks

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2008 The Authors.Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems provide a new solution to distributed information and resource sharing because of its outstanding properties in decentralization, dynamics, flexibility, autonomy, and cooperation, summarized as DDFAC in this paper. After a detailed analysis of the current P2P literature, this paper suggests to better exploit peer social relationships and peer autonomy to achieve efficient P2P structure design. Accordingly, this paper proposes Self-organizing peer-to-peer social networks (SoPPSoNs) to self-organize distributed peers in a decentralized way, in which neuron-like agents following extended Hebbian rules found in the brain activity represent peers to discover useful peer connections. The self-organized networks capture social associations of peers in resource sharing, and hence are called P2P social networks. SoPPSoNs have improved search speed and success rate as peer social networks are correctly formed. This has been verified through tests on real data collected from the Gnutella system. Analysis on the Gnutella data has verified that social associations of peers in reality are directed, asymmetric and weighted, validating the design of SoPPSoN. The tests presented in this paper have also evaluated the scalability of SoPPSoN, its performance under varied initial network connectivity and the effects of different learning rules.National Natural Science of Foundation of Chin

Adaptive service discovery on service-oriented and spontaneous sensor systems

Service-oriented architecture, Spontaneous networks, Self-organisation, Self-configuration, Sensor systems, Social patternsNatural and man-made disasters can significantly impact both people and environments. Enhanced effect can be achieved through dynamic networking of people, systems and procedures and seamless integration of them to fulfil mission objectives with service-oriented sensor systems. However, the benefits of integration of services will not be realised unless we have a dependable method to discover all required services in dynamic environments. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive and Efficient Peer-to-peer Search (AEPS) approach for dependable service integration on service-oriented architecture based on a number of social behaviour patterns. In the AEPS network, the networked nodes can autonomously support and co-operate with each other in a peer-to-peer (P2P) manner to quickly discover and self-configure any services available on the disaster area and deliver a real-time capability by self-organising themselves in spontaneous groups to provide higher flexibility and adaptability for disaster monitoring and relief

Reducing Routing Overhead in Random Walk Protocol under MP2P Network

Due to network dynamics in self-organizing networks the resource discovery effort increases. To discover objects in unstructured peer-to-peer network, peers rely on traditional methods like flooding, random walk and probabilistic forwarding methods. With inadequate knowledge of paths, the peers have to flood the query message which creates incredible network traffic and overhead. Many of the previous works based on random walk were done in wired network. In this context random walk was better than flooding. But under MANETs random walk approach behaved differently increasing the overhead, due to frequent link failures incurred by mobility. Decentralized applications based on peer-to-peer computing are best candidates to run over such dynamic network. Issues of P2P service discovery in wired networks have been well addressed in several earlier works. This article evaluates the performance of random walk based resource discovery protocol over P2P Mobile Adhoc Network (MP2P) and suggests an improved scheme to suit MANET. Our version reduces the network overhead, lowers the battery power consumption, minimizes the query delay while providing equally good success rate. The protocol is validated through extensive NS-2 simulations. It is clear from the results that our proposed scheme is an alternative to the existing ones for such highly dynamic mobile network scenario

Dynamic resource location in peer-to-peer networks

Resource location is a necessary operation for computer applications. In large scale peer-to-peer systems, random search is a scalable approach for locating dynamic resources. Current peer-to-peer systems can be partitioned into those which rely upon the Internet for message routing and those which utilize an overlay network. These two approaches result in different connectivity topologies. This thesis analyzes the effect of topological differences on the effectiveness of random search. After demonstrating the benefits of an overlay network, we propose a hybrid approach for resource location. Our proposed protocol provides deterministic searching capabilities which can help prevent request failures for sensitive applications

Alpha Multipliers Breadth-First Search Technique for Resource Discovery in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks

Resource discovery in unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is important in the field of grid computing. Breadth-first search (BFS) is widely used for resource discovery in unstructured P2P networks. The technique is proven to return as many search results as possible. However, the network cost of the technique is high due to the flooding of query messages that can degenerate the performance of the whole network. The objective of this study is to optimise the BFS technique, so that it will produce good search results without flooding the network with unnecessary walkers. Several resource discovery techniques used in unstructured P2P networks are discussed and categorised. P2P simulators that are used for P2P network experiments were studied in accordance to their characteristics such as, scalability, extensibility and support status. Several network topology generators were also scrutinised and selected in order to find out the most real-life like network generation model for unstructured P2P experiments. Multiple combinations of five-tuple alpha multipliers have been experimented to find out the best set to make -BFS. In our test, the -BFS increases the query efficiency of the conventional BFS from 55.67% to 63.15%