Report on Design of Distributed Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

A WSN (wireless sensor network) is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network, which are small energy constrained devices The efficient use of energy source in a sensor node is most desirable criteria for prolong the life time of wireless sensor network. So designing efficient routing for reducing energy consumption is the important factor. The energy consumed in cluster head (CH) selection phase of a random cluster based wireless sensor network (WSN) has been assumed as an insignificant factor in the previous research works. In this paper, the consumption of energy during the transmission of data from sensor nodes to the sink has been calculated. Routing protocols in WSNs along with the most energy efficient protocol named LEACH ( low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) and STR protocol (shortest tree routing protocol) along with its advantages and disadvantages are discussed here. In this paper we improved the energy consumption of the node to get the parameters result such as energy, delay, throughput, jitter and Packet delivery ratio (pdr). DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15064

A Novel Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks With Improved Energy Efficient LEACH

Wireless Sensor Networks (Wsns) Have Been Widely Considered As One Of The Most Important Technologies For The Twenty-First Century. A Typical Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) Used For Environmental Condition Monitoring, Security Surveillance Of Battle-Fields, Wildlife Habitat Monitoring, Etc. Cluster-Based Hierarchical Routing Protocols Play An Essential Role In Decreasing The Energy Consumption Of Wireless Sensor Networks (Wsns). A Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) Has Been Proposed As An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture For Wsns. However, Without Considering The Distribution Of The Cluster Heads (Chs) In The Rotation Basis, The LEACH Protocol Will Increase The Energy Consumption Of The Network. To Improve The Energy Efficiency Of The WSN, We Propose A Novel Modified Routing Protocol In This Paper. The Newly Proposed Improved Energy-Efficient LEACH (IEE-LEACH) Protocol Considers The Residual Node Energy And The Average Energy Of The Networks. To Achieve Satisfactory Performance In Terms Of Reducing The Sensor Energy Consumption, The Proposed IEE-LEACH Accounts For The Numbers Of The Optimal Chs And Prohibits The Nodes That Are Closer To The Base Station (BS) To Join In The Cluster Formation. Furthermore, The Proposed IEE-LEACH Uses A New Threshold For Electing Chs Among The Sensor Nodes, And Employs Single Hop, Multi-Hop, And Hybrid Communications To Further Improve The Energy Efficiency Of The Networks. The Simulation Results Demonstrate That, Compared With Some Existing Routing Protocols, The Proposed Protocol Substantially Reduces The Energy Consumption Of Wsns

A Secure and Low-Energy Zone-based Wireless Sensor Networks Routing Protocol for Pollution Monitoring

[EN] Sensor networks can be used in many sorts of environments. The increase of pollution and carbon footprint are nowadays an important environmental problem. The use of sensors and sensor networks can help to make an early detection in order to mitigate their effect over the medium. The deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) requires high-energy efficiency and secures mechanisms to ensure the data veracity. Moreover, when WSNs are deployed in harsh environments, it is very difficult to recharge or replace the sensor's batteries. For this reason, the increase of network lifetime is highly desired. WSNs also work in unattended environments, which is vulnerable to different sort of attacks. Therefore, both energy efficiency and security must be considered in the development of routing protocols for WSNs. In this paper, we present a novel Secure and Low-energy Zone-based Routing Protocol (SeLeZoR) where the nodes of the WSN are split into zones and each zone is separated into clusters. Each cluster is controlled by a cluster head. Firstly, the information is securely sent to the zone-head using a secret key; then, the zone-head sends the data to the base station using the secure and energy efficient mechanism. This paper demonstrates that SeLeZoR achieves better energy efficiency and security levels than existing routing protocols for WSNs.Mehmood, A.; Lloret, J.; Sendra, S. (2016). A Secure and Low-Energy Zone-based Wireless Sensor Networks Routing Protocol for Pollution Monitoring. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 16(17):2869-2883. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2734S286928831617Sendra S Deployment of efficient wireless sensor nodes for monitoring in rural, indoor and underwater environments 2013Javaid, N., Qureshi, T. N., Khan, A. H., Iqbal, A., Akhtar, E., & Ishfaq, M. 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Enhancing the Stability of the Improved-LEACH Routing Protocol for WSNs

Recently, increasing battery lifetime in wireless sensor networks has turned out to be one of the major challenges faced by researchers. The sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks use a battery as their power source, which is hard to replace during deployment. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the most prominent wireless sensor network routing protocols that have been proposed to improve network lifetime by utilizing energy-efficient clustering. However, LEACH has some issues related to cluster-head selection, where the selection is done randomly. This leads to rapid loss of energy in the network. Improved LEACH is a LEACH alternative that has the ability to increase network lifetime by using the nodes' residual energy and their distance to the base station to select cluster-head nodes. However, Improved LEACH causes reduced stability, where the stability period is the duration before the death of the first node. The network stability period is important for applications that require reliable feedback from the network. Thus, we were motivated to investigate the Improved LEACH algorithm and to try to solve the stability problem. A new protocol is proposed in this paper: Stable Improved Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (SILEACH), which was developed to overcome the flaws of the Improved LEACH protocol. SILEACH balances the load between the nodes by utilizing an optimized method that considers the nodes' distance to the base station and their residual energy to select the cluster-head nodes and considers the nodes' distance to the cluster head and the base station to form clusters. The simulation results revealed that SILEACH is significantly more efficient than Improved LEACH in terms of stability period and network lifetime

EMEEDP: Enhanced Multi-hop Energy Efficient Distributed Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

In WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) every sensor node sensed the data and transmit it to the CH (Cluster head) or BS (Base Station). Sensors are randomly deployed in unreachable areas, where battery replacement or battery charge is not possible. For this reason, Energy conservation is the important design goal while developing a routing and distributed protocol to increase the lifetime of WSN. In this paper, an enhanced energy efficient distributed protocol for heterogeneous WSN have been reported. EMEEDP is proposed for heterogeneous WSN to increase the lifetime of the network. An efficient algorithm is proposed in the form of flowchart and based on various clustering equation proved that the proposed work accomplishes longer lifetime with improved QOS parameters parallel to MEEP. A WSN implemented and tested using Raspberry Pi devices as a base station, temperature sensors as a node and xively.com as a cloud. Users use data for decision purpose or business purposes from xively.com using internet.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1409.1412 by other author

FBCHS: Fuzzy Based Cluster Head Selection Protocol to Enhance Network Lifetime of WSN

With enormous evolution in Microelectronics, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have played a vital role in every aspect of daily life. Technological advancement has led to new ways of thinking and of developing infrastructure for sensing, monitoring, and computational tasks. The sensor network constitutes multiple sensor nodes for monitoring, tracking, and surveillance of remote objects in the network area. Battery replacement and recharging are almost impossible; therefore, the aim is to develop an efficient routing protocol for the sensor network. The Fuzzy Based Cluster Head Selection (FBCHS) protocol is proposed, which partitions the network into several regions based on node energy levels. The proposed protocol uses an artificial intelligence technique to select the Cluster Head (CH) based on maximum node Residual Energy (RE) and minimum distance. The transmission of data to the Base Station (BS) is accomplished via static clustering and the hybrid routing technique. The simulation results of the FBCHS protocol are com- pared to the SEP protocol and show improvement in the stability period and improved overall performance of the network

Grid Based Cluster Head Selection Mechanism for Wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of hundred to thousands sensor nodes to gathered the information from physical environment. Different clustering based algorithms have been proposed to improve network lifetime and energy efficiency. Practically it is not feasible to recharge the battery of sensor nodes when they are sensing the data. In such situation energy is crucial resource and it should be improved for life span of WSN. Cluster head (CH) has an important role in hierarchical energy efficient routing protocols because it receives data from nodes and sends towards base station (BS) or sink node. This paper presents a grid based cluster head selection (GBCHS) mechanism by dividing the network field into MXN uniform size partitions that aims to minimize the energy dissipation of sensor nodes and enhancing network lifetime. Simulation experiments have been performed in network simulator (NS2) that show our proposed GBCHS approach outperformed than standard clustering hierarchy LEACH protocol

Towards improved clustering and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN)-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications suffer from issues including limited battery capacity, frequent disconnections due to multi-hop communication and a shorter transmission range. Clustering and routing are treated separately in different solutions and, therefore, efficient solutions in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime could not be provided. This work focuses data collection from IoT-nodes distributed in an area and connected through WSN. We address two interlinked issues, clustering and routing, for large-scale IoT-based WSN and propose an improved clustering and routing protocol to jointly solve both of these issues. Improved clustering and routing provide area-based clustering derived from the transmission range of network nodes. During process of clustering, cluster-heads are selected in such a way that provide fail-over-proof routing. An efficient routing path is achieved by finding the minimal hop-count with the availability of alternate routing paths. The results are compared with state-of-the-art benchmark protocols. Theoretical and simulation results demonstrate reliable network topology, improved network lifetime, efficient node density management and improved overall network capacity