182 research outputs found
Introducing a New Evaluation Criteria for EMD-Base Steganography Method
Steganography is a technique to hide the presence of secret communication.
When one of the communication elements is under the influence of the enemy, it
can be used. The main measure to evaluate steganography methods in a certain
capacity is security. Therefore, in a certain capacity, reducing the amount of
changes in the cover media, creates a higher embedding efficiency and thus more
security of an steganography method. Mostly, security and capacity are in
conflict with each other, the increase of one lead to the decrease of the
other. The presence of a single criterion that represents security and capacity
at the same time be useful in comparing steganography methods. EMD and the
relevant methods are a group of steganography techniques, which optimize the
amount of changes resulting from embedding (security). The present paper is
aimed to provide an evaluation criterion for this group of steganography
methods. In this study, after a general review and comparison of EMD-based
steganography techniques, we present a method to compare them exactly, from the
perspective of embedding efficiency. First, a formula is presented to determine
the value of embedding efficiency, which indicates the effect of one or more
changes on one or more pixels. The results demonstrate that the proposed
embedding efficiency formula shows the performance of the methods better when
several changes are made on a pixel compared to the existing criteria. In the
second step, we have obtained an upper bound, which determines the best
efficiency for each certain capacity. Finally, based on the introduced bound,
another evaluation criterion for a better comparison of the methods is
presented
A Brief Review of RIDH
The Reversible image data hiding (RIDH) is one of the novel approaches in the security field. In the highly sensitive domains like Medical, Military, Research labs, it is important to recover the cover image successfully, Hence, without applying the normal steganography, we can use RIDH to get the better result. Reversible data hiding has a advantage over image data hiding that it can give you double security surely
A review on structured scheme representation on data security application
With the rapid development in the era of Internet and networking technology, there is always a requirement to improve the security systems, which secure the transmitted data over an unsecured channel. The needs to increase the level of security in transferring the data always become the critical issue. Therefore, data security is a significant area in covering the issue of security, which refers to protect the data from unwanted forces and prevent unauthorized access to a communication. This paper presents a review of structured-scheme representation for data security application. There are five structured-scheme types, which can be represented as dual-scheme, triple-scheme, quad-scheme, octal-scheme and hexa-scheme. These structured-scheme types are designed to improve and strengthen the security of data on the application
Conditional Entrench Spatial Domain Steganography
Steganography is a technique of concealing the secret information in a digital carrier media, so that only
the authorized recipient can detect the presence of secret information. In this paper, we propose a spatial
domain steganography method for embedding secret information on conditional basis using 1-Bit of Most
Significant Bit (MSB). The cover image is decomposed into blocks of 8*8 matrix size. The first block of
cover image is embedded with 8 bits of upper bound and lower bound values required for retrieving
payload at the destination. The mean of median values and difference between consecutive pixels of each
8*8 block of cover image is determined to embed payload in 3 bits of Least Significant Bit (LSB) and 1 bit
of MSB based on prefixed conditions. It is observed that the capacity and security is improved compared to
the existing methods with reasonable PSNR
Performance evaluation measurement of image steganography techniques with analysis of LSB based on variation image formats
Recently, Steganography is an outstanding research area which used for data protection from unauthorized access. Steganography is defined as the art and science of covert information in plain sight in various media sources such as text, images, audio, video, network channel etc. so, as to not stimulate any suspicion; while steganalysis is the science of attacking the steganographic system to reveal the secret message. This research clarifies the diverse showing the evaluation factors based on image steganographic algorithms. The effectiveness of a steganographic is rated to three main parameters, payload capacity, image quality measure and security measure. This study is focused on image steganographic which is most popular in in steganographic branches. Generally, the Least significant bit is major efficient approach utilized to embed the secret message. In addition, this paper has more detail knowledge based on Least significant bit LSB within various Images formats. All metrics are illustrated in this study with arithmetical equations while some important trends are discussed also at the end of the paper
A review and open issues of multifarious image steganography techniques in spatial domain
Nowadays, information hiding is becoming a helpful technique and fetch more attention due fast growth of using internet, it is applied for sending secret information by using different techniques. Steganography is one of major important technique in information hiding. Steganography is science of concealing the secure information within a carrier object to provide the secure communication though the internet, so that no one can recognize and detect it’s except the sender & receiver. In steganography, many various carrier formats can be used such as an image, video, protocol, audio. The digital image is most popular used as a carrier file due its frequency on internet. There are many techniques variable for image steganography, each has own strong and weak points. In this study, we conducted a review of image steganography in spatial domain to explore the term image steganography by reviewing, collecting, synthesizing and analyze the challenges of different studies which related to this area published from 2014 to 2017. The aims of this review is provides an overview of image steganography and comparison between approved studies are discussed according to the pixel selection, payload capacity and embedding algorithm to open important research issues in the future works and obtain a robust method
An Efficient Light-weight LSB steganography with Deep learning Steganalysis
Active research is going on to securely transmit a secret message or
so-called steganography by using data-hiding techniques in digital images.
After assessing the state-of-the-art research work, we found, most of the
existing solutions are not promising and are ineffective against machine
learning-based steganalysis. In this paper, a lightweight steganography scheme
is presented through graphical key embedding and obfuscation of data through
encryption. By keeping a mindset of industrial applicability, to show the
effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we emphasized mainly deep learning-based
steganalysis. The proposed steganography algorithm containing two schemes
withstands not only statistical pattern recognizers but also machine learning
steganalysis through feature extraction using a well-known pre-trained deep
learning network Xception. We provided a detailed protocol of the algorithm for
different scenarios and implementation details. Furthermore, different
performance metrics are also evaluated with statistical and machine learning
performance analysis. The results were quite impressive with respect to the
state of the arts. We received 2.55% accuracy through statistical steganalysis
and machine learning steganalysis gave maximum of 49.93~50% correctly
classified instances in good condition.Comment: Accepted pape
AN ASYMPTOTICALLY UNIFORMLY REVERSIBLE DATA HIDING IN ENCRYPTED IMAGES BY PIXEL PAIR MATCHING TECHNIQUES
The reversible data hiding (RDH) in encrypted images, since it maintains the excellent property that the original cover can be losslessly recovered after embedded data is extracted while protecting the image content’s confidentiality. All previous methods embed data by reversibly vacating room from the encrypted images, which may be subject to some errors on data extraction and/or image restoration. A novel method called pixel pair matching which has the advantage of inserting the data without changing the image content, and thus it is easy for the data hider to reversibly embed data in the encrypted image. The proposed method can achieve real reversibility, ie. data extraction and image recovery are free of any error. The distortion caused by data embedding is called the embedding distortion. A good data-hiding method should be capable of evading visual and statistical detection while providing an adjustable payload. The LSB method employ one pixel as an embedding unit, and conceal data into the right-most LSBs.To achieve satisfactory hiding capacity Exploiting modification direction (EMD) and Diamond Encoding (DE) are two data-hiding methods proposed recently based on PPM. The maximum capacity of EMD is 1.161 bpp and DE extends the payload of EMD by embedding digits in a larger notational system. This method offers lower distortion than DE by providing more compact neighborhood sets and allowing embedded digits in any notational system. Data-hiding method based on PPM.DE greatly enhances the payload of EMD while preserving acceptable stego image quality. The image preprocessing and binary operation of two pixels are scanned as an embedding unit and a specially designed neighborhood set is employed to embed message digits with a smallest notational system. PPM allows users to select digits in any notational system for data embedding, and thus achieves a better image quality
Dual-image-based reversible data hiding scheme with integrity verification using exploiting modification direction
Abstract(#br)In this paper, a novel dual-image-based reversible data hiding scheme using exploiting modification direction (EMD) is proposed. This scheme embeds two 5-base secret digits into each pixel pair of the cover image simultaneously according to the EMD matrix to generate two stego-pixel pairs. By shifting these stego-pixel pairs to the appropriate locations in some cases, two meaningful shadows are produced. The secret data can be extracted accurately, and the cover image can be reconstructed completely in the data extraction and the image reconstruction procedure, respectively. Experimental results show that our scheme outperforms the comparative methods in terms of image quality and embedding ratio. Pixel-value differencing (PVD) histogram analysis reveals that our scheme..
Data hiding techniques in steganography using fibonacci sequence and knight tour algorithm
The foremost priority in the information and communication technology era, is achieving an efficient and accurate steganography system for hiding information. The developed system of hiding the secret message must capable of not giving any clue to the adversaries about the hidden data. In this regard, enhancing the security and capacity by maintaining the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the steganography system is the main issue to be addressed. This study proposed an improved for embedding secret message into an image. This newly developed method is demonstrated to increase the security and capacity to resolve the existing problems. A binary text image is used to represent the secret message instead of normal text. Three stages implementations are used to select the pixel before random embedding to select block of (64 × 64) pixels, follows by the Knight Tour algorithm to select sub-block of (8 × 8) pixels, and finally by the random pixels selection. For secret embedding, Fibonacci sequence is implemented to decomposition pixel from 8 bitplane to 12 bitplane. The proposed method is distributed over the entire image to maintain high level of security against any kind of attack. Gray images from the standard dataset (USC-SIPI) including Lena, Peppers, Baboon, and Cameraman are implemented for benchmarking. The results show good PSNR value with high capacity and these findings verified the worthiness of the proposed method. High complexities of pixels distribution and replacement of bits will ensure better security and robust imperceptibility compared to the existing systems in the literature
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