State-of-the-art on evolution and reactivity

This report starts by, in Chapter 1, outlining aspects of querying and updating resources on the Web and on the Semantic Web, including the development of query and update languages to be carried out within the Rewerse project. From this outline, it becomes clear that several existing research areas and topics are of interest for this work in Rewerse. In the remainder of this report we further present state of the art surveys in a selection of such areas and topics. More precisely: in Chapter 2 we give an overview of logics for reasoning about state change and updates; Chapter 3 is devoted to briefly describing existing update languages for the Web, and also for updating logic programs; in Chapter 4 event-condition-action rules, both in the context of active database systems and in the context of semistructured data, are surveyed; in Chapter 5 we give an overview of some relevant rule-based agents frameworks

State-of-the-art on evolution and reactivity

This report starts by, in Chapter 1, outlining aspects of querying and updating resources on the Web and on the Semantic Web, including the development of query and update languages to be carried out within the Rewerse project. From this outline, it becomes clear that several existing research areas and topics are of interest for this work in Rewerse. In the remainder of this report we further present state of the art surveys in a selection of such areas and topics. More precisely: in Chapter 2 we give an overview of logics for reasoning about state change and updates; Chapter 3 is devoted to briefly describing existing update languages for the Web, and also for updating logic programs; in Chapter 4 event-condition-action rules, both in the context of active database systems and in the context of semistructured data, are surveyed; in Chapter 5 we give an overview of some relevant rule-based agents frameworks

Continuously available virtual environments

This thesis presents a framework for continuously available persistent collaborative virtual environments which is fundamentally more flexible than current approaches. Whereas existing systems allow the artefacts in the environment and the application behaviours of those artefacts to be changed at run time, they still need to be shut down if the infrastructure mechanisms of the system need to be changed. The framework presented by this thesis pushes run-time extensibility to a lower level allowing previously static infrastructure mechanisms and application level behaviours to be replaced and extended in a uniform way. By associating infrastructure mechanisms with artefacts in the same way that application behaviours are associated, the framework allows multiple alternative infrastructure mechanisms to coexist within the virtual environment system. Rather than applying a single infrastructure mechanism to all artefacts in a virtual environment, mechanisms can be tailored to an artefact’s role, optimising the operation of each artefact. This allows a wider range of artefact behaviours and so applications to be supported by a single virtual environment. Infrastructure level behaviours may implement a single infrastructure mechanism or multiple mechanisms, allowing the framework to explicitly present the complex interdependencies which can exist between infrastructure mechanisms such as persistence and consistency. In addition to providing greater run-time flexibility for continuously available persistent virtual environments, the framework allows infrastructure mechanisms to be easily developed, compared, tested and configured, making it a useful test bed for the development of future infrastructure mechanisms. After reviewing existing virtual environment systems and related systems, the thesis presents an experiment which reveals some of the problems existing with current approaches to persistence in virtual environments. The thesis then describes the framework discussed above and the issues involved in its realisation before evaluating the current prototype. Finally some conclusions are presented and future work discussed

An Architecture for the Compilation of Persistent Polymorphic Reflective Higher-Order Languages

Persistent Application Systems are potentially very large and long-lived application systems which use information technology: computers, communications, networks, software and databases. They are vital to the organisations that depend on them and have to be adaptable to organisational and technological changes and evolvable without serious interruption of service. Persistent Programming Languages are a promising technology that facilitate the task of incrementally building and maintaining persistent application systems. This thesis identifies a number of technical challenges in making persistent programming languages scalable, with adequate performance and sufficient longevity and in amortising costs by providing general services. A new architecture to support the compilation of long-lived, large-scale applications is proposed. This architecture comprises an intermediate language to be used by front-ends, high-level and machine independent optimisers, low-level optimisers and code generators of target machine code. The intermediate target language, TPL, has been designed to allow compiler writers to utilise common technology for several different orthogonally persistent higher-order reflective languages. The goal is to reuse optimisation and code-generation or interpretation technology with a variety of front-ends. A subsidiary goal is to provide an experimental framework for those investigating optimisation and code generation. TPL has a simple, clean type system and will support orthogonally persistent, reflective, higher-order, polymorphic languages. TPL allows code generation and the abstraction over details of the underlying software and hardware layers. An experiment to build a prototype of the proposed architecture was designed, developed and evaluated. The experimental work includes a language processor and examples of its use are presented in this dissertation. The design space was covered by describing the implications of the goals of supporting the class of languages anticipated while ensuring long-term persistence of data and programs, and sufficient efficiency. For each of the goals, the design decisions were evaluated in face of the results

Continuously available virtual environments

This thesis presents a framework for continuously available persistent collaborative virtual environments which is fundamentally more flexible than current approaches. Whereas existing systems allow the artefacts in the environment and the application behaviours of those artefacts to be changed at run time, they still need to be shut down if the infrastructure mechanisms of the system need to be changed. The framework presented by this thesis pushes run-time extensibility to a lower level allowing previously static infrastructure mechanisms and application level behaviours to be replaced and extended in a uniform way. By associating infrastructure mechanisms with artefacts in the same way that application behaviours are associated, the framework allows multiple alternative infrastructure mechanisms to coexist within the virtual environment system. Rather than applying a single infrastructure mechanism to all artefacts in a virtual environment, mechanisms can be tailored to an artefact’s role, optimising the operation of each artefact. This allows a wider range of artefact behaviours and so applications to be supported by a single virtual environment. Infrastructure level behaviours may implement a single infrastructure mechanism or multiple mechanisms, allowing the framework to explicitly present the complex interdependencies which can exist between infrastructure mechanisms such as persistence and consistency. In addition to providing greater run-time flexibility for continuously available persistent virtual environments, the framework allows infrastructure mechanisms to be easily developed, compared, tested and configured, making it a useful test bed for the development of future infrastructure mechanisms. After reviewing existing virtual environment systems and related systems, the thesis presents an experiment which reveals some of the problems existing with current approaches to persistence in virtual environments. The thesis then describes the framework discussed above and the issues involved in its realisation before evaluating the current prototype. Finally some conclusions are presented and future work discussed

Knowledge-Based Design Patterns for Detailed Ship Structural Design

For detailed ship structural design standardization is a means to ensure a consistent build quality and to reduce design costs. With standards expressed electronically and using a knowledge-based approach, a rule-based system for the automatic design of standardized structural details is presented. For selected problems the corresponding rule formulations are developed; more advanced design tasks are solved by a bottom-up approach. As a result, the automatic, standards compliant design and validation is achieved, hence ensuring consistency as well as reducing the probability of design errors

ULTRA - A Logic Transaction Programming Language

Rule-based language for the specification of complex database updates and transactions. Formal treatment of the syntax and the declarative semanticsRegelbasierte Sprache zur Spezifikation komplexer Datenbank-Operationen und Transaktionen. Formle Behandlung von Syntax und deklarativer Semantik

Adaptive object management for distributed systems

This thesis describes an architecture supporting the management of pluggable software components and evaluates it against the requirement for an enterprise integration platform for the manufacturing and petrochemical industries. In a distributed environment, we need mechanisms to manage objects and their interactions. At the least, we must be able to create objects in different processes on different nodes; we must be able to link them together so that they can pass messages to each other across the network; and we must deliver their messages in a timely and reliable manner. Object based environments which support these services already exist, for example ANSAware(ANSA, 1989), DEC's Objectbroker(ACA,1992), Iona's Orbix(Orbix,1994)Yet such environments provide limited support for composing applications from pluggable components. Pluggability is the ability to install and configure a component into an environment dynamically when the component is used, without specifying static dependencies between components when they are produced. Pluggability is supported to a degree by dynamic binding. Components may be programmed to import references to other components and to explore their interfaces at runtime, without using static type dependencies. Yet thus overloads the component with the responsibility to explore bindings. What is still generally missing is an efficient general-purpose binding model for managing bindings between independently produced components. In addition, existing environments provide no clear strategy for dealing with fine grained objects. The overhead of runtime binding and remote messaging will severely reduce performance where there are a lot of objects with complex patterns of interaction. We need an adaptive approach to managing configurations of pluggable components according to the needs and constraints of the environment. Management is made difficult by embedding bindings in component implementations and by relying on strong typing as the only means of verifying and validating bindings. To solve these problems we have built a set of configuration tools on top of an existing distributed support environment. Specification tools facilitate the construction of independent pluggable components. Visual composition tools facilitate the configuration of components into applications and the verification of composite behaviours. A configuration model is constructed which maintains the environmental state. Adaptive management is made possible by changing the management policy according to this state. Such policy changes affect the location of objects, their bindings, and the choice of messaging system