The systems phenomenon in buildings and its application to construction specifications

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-234).This thesis proposes that the holistic quality of a building can be improved by modifying the way that it is represented in the specifications document. It develops a construction specifications format based on a substantive rather than a procedural division of the building, i.e., on a division according to the interrelationships between the physical parts of the building rather than according to the administration of labor in the construction process. In communicating a design idea in the construction documents, the architect should represent the building not as a collection of independent parts to be procured and installed, but as a whole system consisting of many perceptually and technically integrated parts. The documents should communicate the essence of the whole building through the format of their presentation. In drawings this is accomplished by portraying the parts of the building as images organized on paper in the same geometrical relationships that they are to take in the finished building. Construction specifications should also possess a strong relationship to the form of the whole building that they describe. Hypertext computer software offers great flexibility in both the authoring and in the reading of text documents. This thesis uses Hypercard to develop a format for construction specifications documentation.by Richard A. Skendzel.M.S

Landscapes Of Power In The South Caucasus (1500-600 Bce): Gis And Phenomenological Approaches

This research focuses on the relationship between natural landscapes and the built environment in the Urartian Empire, which controlled parts of the South Caucasus, northwestern Iran and eastern Turkey from 800-600 BCE. In particular, this dissertation uses a combination of landscape phenomenology, a qualitative method, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS), a quantitative method, to study landscapes before and during the rise of Urartu. These analyses found that the Urartian Empire founded or reused sites that had a higher degree of visual and physical accessibility compared to what was typical for earlier cultures, suggesting a desire for greater engagement with subject populations. These differences can be observed both subjectively through in-person experiences at the site, and through GIS analysis of Viewsheds and Least Cost Paths. Urartian leaders faced the challenge of controlling a population of largely mobile pastoralists in a mountainous landscape. One way they could have done this would have been by bringing sites physically closer to these populations, and by making them more visually prominent and impressive. The results of this dissertation support previous research on the role of architecture, site location, and natural features in the construction of an Urartian imperial ideology that was based on bombastic displays of power. They also demonstrate the utility of combining qualitative and quantitative approaches for a more complete understanding of landscapes