3,084 research outputs found
Sparse Predictive Structure of Deconvolved Functional Brain Networks
The functional and structural representation of the brain as a complex
network is marked by the fact that the comparison of noisy and intrinsically
correlated high-dimensional structures between experimental conditions or
groups shuns typical mass univariate methods. Furthermore most network
estimation methods cannot distinguish between real and spurious correlation
arising from the convolution due to nodes' interaction, which thus introduces
additional noise in the data. We propose a machine learning pipeline aimed at
identifying multivariate differences between brain networks associated to
different experimental conditions. The pipeline (1) leverages the deconvolved
individual contribution of each edge and (2) maps the task into a sparse
classification problem in order to construct the associated "sparse deconvolved
predictive network", i.e., a graph with the same nodes of those compared but
whose edge weights are defined by their relevance for out of sample predictions
in classification. We present an application of the proposed method by decoding
the covert attention direction (left or right) based on the single-trial
functional connectivity matrix extracted from high-frequency
magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Our results demonstrate how network
deconvolution matched with sparse classification methods outperforms typical
approaches for MEG decoding
Automatic Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection Using Artificial Intelligence Methods with MRI Neuroimaging: A Review
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain condition characterized by diverse
signs and symptoms that appear in early childhood. ASD is also associated with
communication deficits and repetitive behavior in affected individuals. Various
ASD detection methods have been developed, including neuroimaging modalities
and psychological tests. Among these methods, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
imaging modalities are of paramount importance to physicians. Clinicians rely
on MRI modalities to diagnose ASD accurately. The MRI modalities are
non-invasive methods that include functional (fMRI) and structural (sMRI)
neuroimaging methods. However, the process of diagnosing ASD with fMRI and sMRI
for specialists is often laborious and time-consuming; therefore, several
computer-aided design systems (CADS) based on artificial intelligence (AI) have
been developed to assist the specialist physicians. Conventional machine
learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are the most popular schemes of AI used
for diagnosing ASD. This study aims to review the automated detection of ASD
using AI. We review several CADS that have been developed using ML techniques
for the automated diagnosis of ASD using MRI modalities. There has been very
limited work on the use of DL techniques to develop automated diagnostic models
for ASD. A summary of the studies developed using DL is provided in the
appendix. Then, the challenges encountered during the automated diagnosis of
ASD using MRI and AI techniques are described in detail. Additionally, a
graphical comparison of studies using ML and DL to diagnose ASD automatically
is discussed. We conclude by suggesting future approaches to detecting ASDs
using AI techniques and MRI neuroimaging
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