Critical review of the e-loyalty literature: a purchase-centred framework

Over the last few years, the concept of online loyalty has been examined extensively in the literature, and it remains a topic of constant inquiry for both academics and marketing managers. The tremendous development of the Internet for both marketing and e-commerce settings, in conjunction with the growing desire of consumers to purchase online, has promoted two main outcomes: (a) increasing numbers of Business-to-Customer companies running businesses online and (b) the development of a variety of different e-loyalty research models. However, current research lacks a systematic review of the literature that provides a general conceptual framework on e-loyalty, which would help managers to understand their customers better, to take advantage of industry-related factors, and to improve their service quality. The present study is an attempt to critically synthesize results from multiple empirical studies on e-loyalty. Our findings illustrate that 62 instruments for measuring e-loyalty are currently in use, influenced predominantly by Zeithaml et al. (J Marketing. 1996;60(2):31-46) and Oliver (1997; Satisfaction: a behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York: McGraw Hill). Additionally, we propose a new general conceptual framework, which leads to antecedents dividing e-loyalty on the basis of the action of purchase into pre-purchase, during-purchase and after-purchase factors. To conclude, a number of managerial implementations are suggested in order to help marketing managers increase their customers’ e-loyalty by making crucial changes in each purchase stage

An Exploratory Study of Critical Issues in Online Securities Trading: The Hong Kong Perspective

The advancement of technology enables more and more people to do their business activities online. This has threatened the businesses of the traditional intermediaries. Among the various form of electronic commerce, online securities trading is one that will stand a better chance for wide adoption and success. Online securities trading penetration rate has remained on a steady upward trend [39]. The development and adoption of online securities trading have been slow in Hong Kong as compared to other Asian counter parts such as South Korea, Japan and Singapore. Past research on online securities trading in Hong Kong has been lacking. The objectives of this study are to explore the critical issues, impacts, problems and barriers of online securities trading in Hong Kong, and what can be done to facilitate local online securities trading. This paper will first provide the background of online securities trading in Hong Kong, followed by literature review on online securities trading, self-service technology, electronic commerce, and review of studies of online securities trading in other countries. In-depth interviews were also conducted with senior personnel in local brokerage firms that offer online trading to gather their expert opinion and to explore the critical issues, attributes, benefits and barriers of online securities trading in Hong Kong. Recommendations to managers and future research of an empirical study will be discussed in the last section

Understanding adoption and continual usage behaviour towards internet banking services in Hong Kong

Banks and financial institutions in Hong Kong are increasingly finding themselves facing rapid increases in turbulence and complexity, leading to greater uncertainty and increased competition. Customers are also becoming more demanding. Apart from the traditional type of banking services, customers today require more personalized products and services, and access to such services at any time, and at any place. Although there is no panacea for banks to stay competitive, Internet Banking is one of the advanced information technologies they can employ to achieve a high level of customer services. Internet Banking is an emerging technology that permits conduct of banking transactions through the Internet. From the banks’ point of view, it requires the lowest transaction cost among various channels, just one percent of branch-based banking. It also can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of corporate business processes through elimination of paper work. One of the many benefits of Internet Banking is that customers can use bank services 24 hours a day from anywhere in the world. This study investigates university students\u27 adoption/continual usage behaviour within the context of Hong Kong Internet Banking services. A research framework based on the extension of Technology Acceptance Model and Social Cognitive Theory was developed to identify factors that would influence the adoption/continual usage of Internet Banking. The framework includes subjective norm, image, result demonstrability, perceived risk, computer self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention constructs. A diverse sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students of seven universities in Hong Kong was used to test the models. Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine the entire pattern of intercorrelations among the eight proposed constructs and to test related propositions empirically. The results reveal that both subjective norm and computer self-efficacy play significant roles in influencing the intention to adopt Internet Banking indirectly. Perceived usefulness has significant positive effect on intention to adopt, this result supports the extension of the Technology Acceptance Model. Perceived ease of use has significant indirect effect on intention to adopt/continual usage through perceived usefulness, while its direct effect on intention to adopt is not significant in this empirical study. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented

Service quality perception and customers’ satisfaction in internet banking service: a case study of public and private sector banks

Present research is based on empirical evidences collected through the customers’ survey regarding to the customers perception in internet banking services provided by public and private sector banks. It is efforts to examine the relationship between the demographics and customers’ satisfaction in internet banking, relationship between service quality and customers’ satisfaction as well as satisfaction in internet banking service provided by the public sector bank private sector banks. Present research shows that, demographics of the customers’ are one of the most important factors which influence using internet banking services. Overall results show that highly educated, a person who are employees, businessmen and belongs to higher income group and younger group are using this service, however, remaining customers are not using this services. Results also show that overall satisfaction of employees, businessmen and professionals are higher in internet banking service. There is significant difference in the customers’ perception in internet banking services provided by the public and privates sector banks. Private sector banks are providing better service quality of internet banking than service provided by the public sector banks. Therefore, public sector banks should improve their internet banking services according to the expectations of their customers.Service Quality; Perception; Customers’ Satisfaction;Internet Banking Service

Determinants of Loyalty in Business Banking

The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the main determinants of Banking Loyalty for Business Banking customers in an offline and online environment. The results showed that the major driver of Banking Loyalty in an offline environment is Perceived Service Quality. Satisfaction and Image overlap the last construct and business customers do not perceive Switching Costs. In an online context E-Banking Service Quality affects E-Banking Loyalty, E-Satisfaction and Image overlap the last construct, E-Banking Service Quality has a strong impact on E-Trust and Perceived Switching Costs has a strong impact on E-Banking Loyalty.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf

Factors affecting the adoption of online auctions by internet users in Hong Kong

This is an exploratory empirical study with the aim to identify the factors that affect the adoption of online auctions by Internet users in Hong Kong. The frameworks used were the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model), TCE (Transaction Cost Economics) and SERVQUAL (Service Quality). It was found that the dimensions that affected the customer’s perceived value of the online auction are benefits, costs, risks and service quality. Data was collected from four pilot focus groups, one online survey and a final focus group. The subjects in the focus groups were 21 undergraduates, whereas the subjects in the online survey were 152 internet users. The results of the pilot focus groups guided the design of the online survey. The results of the survey was analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The final focus group was used to seek explanations to some issues arose from the online survey. It was found that the factors in the benefit dimension were liquidity, enjoyment, and price transparency. The factors in the cost dimension were time, effort, service charge and reputation of the user. The factor in the risk dimension was financial risk. The factors in the service quality dimension were efficiency and system availability. The final focus group revealed that the auctioneer’s role in policing the auction web site was important. For differences among the subjects, it was also found that the adult users consider their reputation in auction website, young adults are worried about financial risks, and female users are more concerned about financial risks than male users. The implications of these differences are discussed. The main academic contribution was the development of a questionnaire and a model which can be used in further research about other forms of auction

Technology Leadership, Brand Equity, and Customer Loyalty in Mobile Banking: Moderating Role of Need for Uniqueness

Most of previous studies on mobile banking focus on the initial adoption by drawing upon the technology acceptance theories, while the post-adoption issues (e.g., loyalty) have been rarely examined. To fill this research gap, based on brand equity theory and symbolic value theory, we propose a research model to articulate the relationship between technology leadership, brand equity, and customer loyalty, as well as the moderating role of need for uniqueness. A survey from users of two mobile banking service providers was conducted to empirically examine the proposed research model and hypotheses. The results show that (1) technology leadership positively affects brand equity which in turn positively affects customer loyalty, and (2) need for uniqueness strengthens the relationship between technology leadership and brand equity and between brand equity and customer loyalty. The implications for theory and practice are also discussed

Understanding internet banking services and customer's adoption in Iraqi public universities

There is no doubt that internet banking services adoption represents a good opportunity for developing nations to attain greater economic development and growth, where the creation of added value is driven by information, knowledge and the adoption of information and communications technology. Although a lot of researches provide evidence on the wide adoption of internet banking in developed nations, there are only limited researches in developing nations in the Middle East, specifically in Iraq. There is definitely a need in this country to identify the factors that could encourage and improve the understanding of internet banking services adoption. There is also a paucity of empirical researches on internet banking services adoption from the perspective of customers. Taking these into cognizance, this quantitative research aims to understand internet banking services adoption, by investigating the key factors that encourage customers to adopt internet banking in the Iraqi context, using the decomposed theory of planned behavior. The research framework consists of eighteen latent variables, fourteen exogenous variables (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, compatibility, trust, social recommendation, prestigious media, self-efficacy, government support, technology support, internet technology literacy, resistance to technology, perceived risk of technology, anxiety about technology and information on technology); and four endogenous variables (internet banking adoption, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control). In order to test the framework, a quantitative approach using the survey method is employed consisting of eighty two items with a seven-point Likert scale. Based on proportionate stratified random sampling, 535 out of 800 employees submitted completed questionnaires suitable for analysis (a 66.8% response rate). Findings of this study reveal that all the research hypotheses are supported except three, namely subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and information on technology towards internet banking services adoption, implying that the decomposed theory of planned behavior is an applicable underpinning theory for clarifying the important antecedents of internet banking services adoption in the Iraqi context

Investigating the Factors Influencing Customers’ Adoption of Online Banking in the United Arab Emirates

The goal of this paper is to increase the awareness of the exogenous factors that influence customers’ attitude in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) towards online banking in the light of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study investigates the effect of three exogenous factors namely computer self-efficacy, security issues, and website features on the TAM. The proposed modified TAM model has been tested with a survey sample of 461 which has been distributed among different customers in the UAE. The data has been analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of the hypothesized relationships. The results strongly support the extended TAM model in predicating customers’ attitude towards online banking. It also demonstrates the significant effect of computer self-efficacy on customers’ attitude through perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The implications of integrating the proposed exogenous factors into the TAM are discussed and suggestions for future research. are presented

Factors Determining the Purchase Intention of Bank Services in the Republic of Yemen

The issue of motivating consumers to use the banking system was solved in developed countries and in some Middle Eastern countries. However, it is still unpredictable in Yemen where the majority of the people do not use banking services to facilitate their financial needs. Therefore, it shapes a real problem and negatively impacted the Yemeni economy. This research project aimed to provide better awareness of the variables that might affect people to use the Yemeni banking system by applying the theory of reasoned action. This study is cross-sectional, 850 questionnaires were distributed to part time university students. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the contribution of independent variables in predicting behavioral intention, the dependent variable. Moreover, hierarchical regressions were used to test the effect of trust as a moderator variable. Eight variables of attitude and subjective norm were significantly and positively influence university student's behavioral intention to use banking services namely, attitude toward bank usage, attitude towards banking services, attitude toward service quality, attitude towards banking legal framework, social influence, recommendation by others on bank services, and bank advertisement. On the other hand, cultural belief was significant but in the negative direction. As well as, student’s trust had a statistically moderating effect with only three out of eight variables on the behavioral intention namely attitude toward bank usage, recommendation by others on bank services, cultural belief. The study had a significant contribution to the academic understanding of consumer's behavioral intention in Yemen, which might guide bankers and policy makers to use the right strategy in order to attract more consumers to use the banking system