652,370 research outputs found

    Methodical approaches to the financial planning of the activity of the enterprise

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    У статті проаналізовано сутність поняття фінансового планування та прогнозування діяльності підприємства. Виявлено, що у сучасних умовах функціонування промислових підприємств, які характеризуються невизначеністю й високою динамічністю зовнішнього середовища, виникає нагальна необхідність застосування ефективного та дієвого методичного підходу до фінансового планування та прогнозування діяльності підприємств. На основі аналізу публікацій, присвячених фінансовому плануванню, виділено нагальні проблеми його реалізації у діяльності промислового підприємства. Розглянуто п’ять основних груп визначення сутності фінансового планування та узагальнено поняття "фінансове планування" як процес вироблення рішень з управління доступними фінансовими ресурсами за джерелами формування та напрямам використання для забезпечення стійкого функціонування підприємства в короткостроковій та довгостроковій перспективі з урахуванням цілей його розвитку. Доведено, що головне завдання фінансового планування полягає в підготовці виробничих потужностей і різних ресурсів до очікуваного зростання або скорочення діяльності. Для виконання цього завдання необхідно чітко сформульовані та науково обґрунтовані підходи до процесу фінансового планування. Узагальнені методичні підходи до фінансового планування діяльності підприємства. Виявлено, що системний підхід є ефективним інструментом для цілей фінансового планування. Він передбачає найбільш загальний і широкий спосіб дослідження як реального світу предметів і явищ, так і їх концептуального відображення в процесі пізнання через розгляд певної сукупності окремих складових і взаємозв’язків між ними. Його доцільно використовувати для опису і вивчення організації фінансового планування, а також особливостей її реалізації на крупних промислових підприємствах, оскільки структура будь-якої системи є однією з найбільш стабільних її характеристик. Зроблено висновок, що застосування системного підходу має сприяти створенню ефективної організації фінансового планування у діяльності підприємства.The article analyzes the essence of the concept of financial planning and forecasting of the enterprise. It is revealed that in modern conditions of functioning of industrial enterprises, characterized by uncertainty and high dynamism of the external environment, there is an urgent need to apply an effective and effective methodological approach to financial planning and forecasting of enterprises. On the basis of the analysis of publications devoted to financial planning, the urgent problems of its realization in the activity of the industrial enterprise are highlighted. The five main groups of the definition of the essence of financial planning are considered and the concept of "financial planning" as a process of making decisions on management of accessible financial resources by sources of formation and directions of use for ensuring the stable operation of the enterprise in the short and long term, taking into account the purposes of its development, is generalized. It is proved that the main task of financial planning is the preparation of production capacities and various resources to the expected growth or reduction of activity. To accomplish this task, there must be clearly formulated and scientifically based approaches to the financial planning process. Generalized methodical approaches to financial planning of enterprise activity. The system approach is found to be an effective tool for financial planning purposes. It provides the most general and wide way to study both the real world of objects and phenomena, and their conceptual reflection in the process of knowledge through consideration of a certain set of individual components and interrelationships between them. It is expedient to use it to describe and study the organization of financial planning, as well as features of its implementation in large industrial enterprises, since the structure of any system is one of the most stable characteristics of it. It is concluded that the application of a systematic approach should help to create an effective organization of financial planning in the enterprise

    The Coase theorem and idea of transaction costs – their significance for the development of economics

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    Ronald Coase drew the attention of main stream economists to the significance of social coordination in the economic system. The key role was played here by much-disputed political conclusions drawn from Coase's idea as well as by his famous theorem and the zero transaction costs theory. The study focuses on the division of labor as a starting point for analysis of zero transaction costs. From this vantage point, the best example of the world of zero transaction costs is Robinson Crusoe's island. However, very often the concept of zero transaction costs is associated with the assumption of perfect information. If we stretch this assumption to its logical limits, then there is no market mechanism and all impediments related to the central planning system disappear. This interpretation is in line with the Hayekian interpretation of the market as a mechanism for acquiring knowledge.Ronald Coase skierował uwagę ekonomistów głównego nurtu na znaczenie społecznej koordynacji w systemie ekonomicznym. Kluczową rolę odegrały tu zarówno kontrowersyjne wnioski polityczne wyprowadzane z idei Coase'a, jak i słynny teoremat i koncepcja zerowych kosztów transakcji. W artykule uwaga skoncentrowana jest na podziale pracy jako punkcie wyjścia do analizy zerowych kosztów transakcji. Z tego punktu widzenia najlepszym przykładem świata zerowych kosztów transakcji jest wyspa Robinsona. Najczęściej jednak koncepcja zerowych kosztów transakcji wiązana jest z założeniem doskonałej informacji. Jeżeli założenie to doprowadzamy do jego logicznych granic nie ma mechanizmu rynkowego oraz znikają wszelkie trudności systemu centralnego planowania. Ta interpretacja jest zbieżna z hayekowską interpretacją rynku jako mechanizmu odkrywania wiedzy

    Learning to Select Cuts for Efficient Mixed-Integer Programming

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    Cutting plane methods play a significant role in modern solvers for tackling mixed-integer programming (MIP) problems. Proper selection of cuts would remove infeasible solutions in the early stage, thus largely reducing the computational burden without hurting the solution accuracy. However, the major cut selection approaches heavily rely on heuristics, which strongly depend on the specific problem at hand and thus limit their generalization capability. In this paper, we propose a data-driven and generalizable cut selection approach, named Cut Ranking, in the settings of multiple instance learning. To measure the quality of the candidate cuts, a scoring function, which takes the instance-specific cut features as inputs, is trained and applied in cut ranking and selection. In order to evaluate our method, we conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic datasets and real-world datasets. Compared with commonly used heuristics for cut selection, the learning-based policy has shown to be more effective, and is capable of generalizing over multiple problems with different properties. Cut Ranking has been deployed in an industrial solver for large-scale MIPs. In the online A/B testing of the product planning problems with more than 10710^7 variables and constraints daily, Cut Ranking has achieved the average speedup ratio of 12.42% over the production solver without any accuracy loss of solution.Comment: Paper accepted at Pattern Recognition journa

    Transition UGent: a bottom-up initiative towards a more sustainable university

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    The vibrant think-tank ‘Transition UGent’ engaged over 250 academics, students and people from the university management in suggesting objectives and actions for the Sustainability Policy of Ghent University (Belgium). Founded in 2012, this bottom-up initiative succeeded to place sustainability high on the policy agenda of our university. Through discussions within 9 working groups and using the transition management method, Transition UGent developed system analyses, sustainability visions and transition paths on 9 fields of Ghent University: mobility, energy, food, waste, nature and green, water, art, education and research. At the moment, many visions and ideas find their way into concrete actions and policies. In our presentation we focused on the broad participative process, on the most remarkable structural results (e.g. a formal and ambitious Sustainability Vision and a student-led Sustainability Office) and on recent actions and experiments (e.g. a sustainability assessment on food supply in student restaurants, artistic COP21 activities, ambitious mobility plans, food leftovers projects, an education network on sustainability controversies, a transdisciplinary platform on Sustainable Cities). We concluded with some recommendations and reflections on this transition approach, on the important role of ‘policy entrepreneurs’ and student involvement, on lock-ins and bottlenecks, and on convincing skeptical leaders

    Stochastic multi-period multi-product multi-objective Aggregate Production Planning model in multi-echelon supply chain

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    In this paper a multi-period multi-product multi-objective aggregate production planning (APP) model is proposed for an uncertain multi-echelon supply chain considering financial risk, customer satisfaction, and human resource training. Three conflictive objective functions and several sets of real constraints are considered concurrently in the proposed APP model. Some parameters of the proposed model are assumed to be uncertain and handled through a two-stage stochastic programming (TSSP) approach. The proposed TSSP is solved using three multi-objective solution procedures, i.e., the goal attainment technique, the modified ε-constraint method, and STEM method. The whole procedure is applied in an automotive resin and oil supply chain as a real case study wherein the efficacy and applicability of the proposed approaches are illustrated in comparison with existing experimental production planning method

    Smart & sustainable cities

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    The University of Strathclyde is creating a new Institute for Future Cities that aims to improve the quality of human life across the world through innovative research that enables cities to be understood in new ways, and innovative approaches to be developed for the way we live, work, learn and invest in cities. The new Institute will create a focus and strategy to coordinate academic research on urban themes, and partnerships with cities, businesses, research institutions and governments across the world. This paper outlines the wider context and issues for urban policy and research, and describes some of the key objectives and activities of the Institute for Future Cities - including the €3.7 million EU FP7 STEP UP project on sustainable city planning and implementation, a new ESRC research programme on crime prediction, and the City Observatory within the £24 million TSB Future City Demonstrator in Glasgow

    A reconstructive critique of IPE and GPE from a critical scientific realist perspective: An alternative Keynesian-Kaleckian approach

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    This paper offers, first, a critique of the relative lack of economic theory in ‘British’ Global Political Economy and then use of neoclassical rational choice theory in American mainstream IPE from the perspective of critical scientific realism. Keynesian economic theories provide perhaps the most obvious alternative. Keynes’ General Theory has been followed by many, forming also the basis of Minsky’s long ignored but now, after the 2008-9 crisis, all of a sudden famous explorations on the mechanisms of financial markets. While a major leap forward, we argue that these theories are historically and conceptually limited. Keynes’ critique of neoclassical economic theory and his alternative theories of particularly the effective demand and of money and credit can be strengthened by following also a neo-Kaleckian approach which avoids some of the inconsistencies of neo-Keynesianism. We indicate where further conceptual work is required and provide several illustrations from the neo-Kaleckian and neo-Keynesian theory to suggest a partial agenda of further scientific work including the explanation of unnecessary and undesired global fluctuations, tendencies and crises and possible collective responses to them. We also suggest the possibility of going beyond Keynes and Kalecki in terms of a general field theory of global political economy that can accommodate the deep normative and institutional underpinnings of the historically evolving planetary political economy

    Development Communication in Indonesia: Programmes, Methods, and Approaches

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    Development communication is an art and science that has evolved through various communication activities and programs conducted over the past twenty years especially in the field of agricultural communication. Experiences in Indonesia are providing certain insights into the issue of communication in the agricultural development that can be made effective. In Indonesia, there is a variety of communication resources being marshalled to help agriculture develop. Farmer groups and Contact-Farmers are the essential social institutions within the agricultural communication framework in Indonesia. Several methodologies or approaches related to this foundation which have been implemented are: Farmer\u27s Agricultural and Rural Training Center (FAR-TC); Integrated Pest Management (IPM); Income Generating Project for Marginal Farmers and Landless (IGP); Decentralized Agricultural and Forestry Extension Project (DAFEP); and The Training and Visit System (T&V)

    Applications of lean thinking: a briefing document

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    This report has been put together by the Health and Care Infrastructure Research and Innovation Centre (HaCIRIC) at the University of Salford for the Department of Health. The need for the report grew out of two main simple questions, o Is Lean applicable in sectors other than manufacturing? o Can the service delivery sector learn from the success of lean in manufacturing and realise the benefits of its implementation?The aim of the report is to list together examples of lean thinking as it is evidenced in the public and private service sector. Following a review of various sources a catalogue of evidence is put together in an organised manner which demonstrates that Lean principles and techniques, when applied rigorously and throughout an entire organization/unit, they can have a positive impact on productivity, cost, quality, and timely delivery of services
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