15 research outputs found
NASA Tech Briefs, August 1992
Topics include: Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Computer Programs; Mechanics; Machinery; Fabrication Technology; Mathematics and Information Sciences; Life Sciences
PRINCIPLES OF METADESIGN Processes and Levels of Co-Creation in the New Design Space
In the tight of the material and cultural conditions of the present world and within
the context of current design theories, this research aims to provide an
understanding of Metadesign as emerging design cutture, and to integrate and
advance its conceptual framework and principles through a tra nsdisci pli nary dialogue
with the aesthetics and practice of Net Art.
By rejecting the notion of Metadesign as an established design approach and
practice, the creation of an etymological hypothesis based on the meanings of the
prefix "-meta" (behind, together, between) becomes possible. Following this
historical and cultural path, the research describes theories, frameworks and
practices of Metadesign that have occurred in art, culture and media since the 1980s,
in fields, such as, graphic design, industrial design, software engineering,
information design, interaction design, biotechnotogical design, telecommunication
art, experimental aesthetics, and architecture.
The comparison and integration of all these approaches and viewpoints attows the
identification of some design trends. More significantly, however, such an analysis
enables the deconstruction of clusters of concepts and the production of a map of
coherent etements. The anticipatory, participatory and sociotechnical issues raised
4
by the emerging and interconnected concepts that underlie Metadesign can be
articulated and summarized in a three-fotd path based on the initial epistemological
hypothesis. This can be characterized by three specific terms: 1) behind (designing
design); 2) with (designing together); 3) betweenlamon3 (designing the "inbetween
").
Interactive Art practitioners and theorists, both at an aesthetic and practical level,
also share concerns about interaction, participation and co-creation. Compared to
more financially oriented fields, Interactive Art, and collaborative practices of Net
Art specificalty, have been We to answer to the new materiat and existentiat
condition outlined by interconnectivity with a more dismantling experimentalism.
The insights and advances they have produced in relation to the embodied and
intersubjective dimension of human experience and creativity are stilt to be fully
explored. Such insights can significantly fortify the three-fold path elaborated by this
research, particutarty the third fo(d, which is concerned with the design of the 0rinbetween
".
Focusing on collaborative systems for graphical interaction, as more suitable to the
goal of understanding basic embodied and intersubjective processes of co-creation,
the research identifies and analyses three projects of Net Art as case studies
(GL&n6rateur Po*i 6tique, Open Studio, SITO Synergy Gridcosm). The results of these
case studies provide an understanding of the experience of co-creation, a grasp of
motivationat paths to co-creation, and a description of the features of the
computationat environment which can sustain co-creation
FAT-DBT engine (framework for application-tailorcd, co-designcd dynamic binary translation enginc)
Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Eletrónica e de Computadores (PDEEC)Dynamic binary translation (DBT) has emerged as an execution engine that monitors,
modifies and possibly optimizes running applications for specific purposes.
DBT is deployed as an execution layer between the application binary and the operating
system or host-machine, which creates opportunities for collecting runtime
information. Initially, DBT supported binary-level compatibility, but based on the
collected runtime information, it also became popular for code instrumentation,
ISA-virtualization and dynamic-optimization purposes.
Building a DBT system brings many challenges, as it involves complex components
integration and requires deep architectural level knowledge. Moreover, DBT incurs
in significant overheads, mainly due to code decoding and translation, as well as
execution along with general functionalities emulation. While initially conceived
bearing in mind high-end architectures for performance demanding applications,
such challenges become even more evident when directing DBT to embedded systems.
The latter makes an effective deployment very challenging due to its complexity,
tight constraints on memory, and limited performance and power. Legacy
support and binary compatibility is a topic of relevant interest in such systems,
due to their broad dissemination among industrial environments and wide utilization
in sensing and monitoring processes, from yearly times, with considerable
maintenance and replacement costs.
To address such issues, this thesis intents to contribute with a solution that leverages
an optimized and accelerated dynamic binary translator targeting resourceconstrained
embedded systems while supporting legacy systems.
The developed work allows to: (1) evaluate the potential of DBT for legacy support
purposes on the resource-constrained embedded systems; (2) achieve a configurable
DBT architecture specialized for resource-constrained embedded systems;
(3) address DBT translation, execution and emulation overheads through the combination
of software and hardware; and (4) promote DBT utilization as a legacy
support tool for the industry as a end-product.A tradução binária dinâmica (TBD) emergiu como um motor de execução que
permite a modificação e possível optimização de código executável para um determinado
propósito. A TBD é integrada nos sistemas como uma camada de execução
entre o código binário executável e o sistema operativo ou a máquina hospedeira
alvo, o que origina oportunidades de recolha de informação de execução.
A criação de um sistema de TBD traz consigo diversos desafios, uma vez que envolve
a integração de componentes complexos e conhecimentos aprofundados das
arquitecturas de processadores envolvidas. Ademais, a utilização de TBD gera diversos
custos computacionais indirectos, maioritariamente devido à descodificação
e tradução de código, bem como emulação de funcionalidades em geral. Considerando
que a TBD foi inicialmente pensada para sistemas de gama alta, os
desafios mencionados tornam-se ainda mais evidentes quando a mesma é aplicada
em sistemas embebidos. Nesta área os limitados recursos de memória e os exigentes
requisitos de desempenho e consumo energético,tornam uma implementação eficiente
de TBD muito difícil de obter. Compatibilidade binária e suporte a código
de legado são tópicos de interesse em sistemas embebidos, justificado pela ampla
disseminação dos mesmos no meio industrial para tarefas de sensorização e monitorização
ao longo dos tempos, reforçado pelos custos de manutenção adjacentes
à sua utilização.
Para endereçar os desafios descritos, nesta tese propõe-se uma solução para potencializar
a tradução binária dinâmica, optimizada e com aceleração, para suporte a
código de legado em sistemas embebidos de baixa gama.
O trabalho permitiu (1) avaliar o potencial da TBD quando aplicada ao suporte
a código de legado em sistemas embebidos de baixa gama; (2) a obtenção de
uma arquitectura de TBD configurável e especializada para este tipo de sistemas;
(3) reduzir os custos computacionais associados à tradução, execução e emulação,
através do uso combinado de software e hardware; (4) e promover a utilização na
industria de TBD como uma ferramenta de suporte a código de legado.This thesis was supported by a PhD scholarship from Fundação para a Ciência e
Tecnologia, SFRH/BD/81681/201
Fundamentals
Volume 1 establishes the foundations of this new field. It goes through all the steps from data collection, their summary and clustering, to different aspects of resource-aware learning, i.e., hardware, memory, energy, and communication awareness. Machine learning methods are inspected with respect to resource requirements and how to enhance scalability on diverse computing architectures ranging from embedded systems to large computing clusters
Fundamentals
Volume 1 establishes the foundations of this new field. It goes through all the steps from data collection, their summary and clustering, to different aspects of resource-aware learning, i.e., hardware, memory, energy, and communication awareness. Machine learning methods are inspected with respect to resource requirements and how to enhance scalability on diverse computing architectures ranging from embedded systems to large computing clusters
Improvisation, Computers, and Interaction : Rethinking Human-Computer Interaction Through Music
Interaction is an integral part of all music. Interaction is part of listening, of playing, of composing and even of thinking about music. In this thesis the multiplicity of modes in which one may engage interactively in, through and with music is the starting point for rethinking Human-Computer Interaction in general and Interactive Music in particular. I propose that in Human-Computer interaction the methodology of control, interaction-as-control, in certain cases should be given up in favor for a more dynamic and reciprocal mode of interaction, interaction-as-difference: Interaction as an activity concerned with inducing differences that make a difference. Interaction-as-difference suggests a kind of parallelity rather than click-and-response. In essence, the movement from control to difference was a result of rediscovering the power of improvisation as a method for organizing and constructing musical content and is not to be understood as an opposition: It is rather a broadening of the more common paradigm of direct manipulation in Human-Computer Interaction. Improvisation is at the heart of all the sub-projects included in this thesis, also, in fact, in those that are not immediately related to music but more geared towards computation. Trusting the self-organizing aspect of musical improvisation, and allowing it to diffuse into other areas of my practice, constitutes the pivotal change that has radically influenced my artistic practice. Furthermore, is the work-in-movement (re-)introduced as a work kind that encompasses radically open works. The work-in-movement, presented and exemplified by a piece for guitar and computer, requires different modes of representation as the traditional musical score is too restrictive and is not able to communicate that which is the most central aspect: the collaboration, negotiation and interaction. The Integra framework and the relational database model with its corresponding XML representation is proposed as a means to produce annotated scores that carry past performances and version with it. The common nominator, the prerequisite, for interaction-as-difference and a improvisatory and self-organizing attitude towards musical practice it the notion of giving up of the Self. Only if the Self is able and willing to accept the loss the priority of interpretation (as for the composer) or the faithfulness to ideology or idiomatics (performer). Only is one is willing to forget is interaction-as-difference made possible. Among the artistic works that have been produced as part of this inquiry are some experimental tools in the form of computer software to support the proposed concepts of interactivity. These, along with the more traditional musical work make up both the object and the method in this PhD project. These sub-projects contained within the frame of the thesis, some (most) of which are still works-in-progress, are used to make inquiries into the larger question of the significance of interaction in the context of artistic practice involving computers
Cogitator : a parallel, fuzzy, database-driven expert system
The quest to build anthropomorphic machines has led researchers to focus on knowledge and the manipulation thereof. Recently, the expert system was proposed as a solution, working well in small, well understood domains. However these initial attempts highlighted the tedious process associated with building systems to display intelligence, the most notable being the Knowledge Acquisition Bottleneck. Attempts to circumvent this problem have led researchers to propose the use of machine learning databases as a source of knowledge. Attempts to utilise databases as sources of knowledge has led to the development Database-Driven Expert Systems. Furthermore, it has been ascertained that a requisite for intelligent systems is powerful computation. In response to these problems and proposals, a new type of database-driven expert system, Cogitator is proposed. It is shown to circumvent the Knowledge Acquisition Bottleneck and posess many other advantages over both traditional expert systems and connectionist systems, whilst having non-serious disadvantages.KMBT_22
Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on Intelligent Computer-Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology
The volume 2 proceedings from the 1993 Conference on Intelligent Computer-Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology are presented. Topics discussed include intelligent computer assisted training (ICAT) systems architectures, ICAT educational and medical applications, virtual environment (VE) training and assessment, human factors engineering and VE, ICAT theory and natural language processing, ICAT military applications, VE engineering applications, ICAT knowledge acquisition processes and applications, and ICAT aerospace applications