Wine communication in a global market: a study of metaphor through the genre of Australian wine reviews

This thesis is a report on wine communication focused on metaphoric language identified in the genre of wine reviews. Specifically, the research centred on Australian wine reviews written by Australian wine critics about Australian wines currently exported to the greater China region. In the genre of wine reviews, metaphoric expressions are frequently used to talk about wine (Caballero & Suárez-Toste, 2008). The thesis developed understanding of the influence of metaphoric language and its potential to constrain or motivate people’s sensory and affective responses to wine and highlighted the need to consider congruency of metaphoric language in terms of wine communication and education. The research was theoretically framed by the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and took a cognitive linguistic perspective to metaphor analysis (Croft & Cruse, 2004). Wine appreciation was argued to be a social event in contrast to an observational event. From this perspective, wine appreciation is concerned with influencing audience perceptions in contrast to a spontaneous commentary of an event. The thesis presents the findings of two qualitative studies that used a corpus approach to metaphor use and understanding in the genre of wine reviews. The investigation identified metaphoric expressions in Australian wine reviews and went on to explore their understanding and transfer by wine educators in Australia and China. Metaphor identification used the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (Steen et al., 2010) and the UCREL Semantic Annotation System (Archer et al., 2004) for semantic and conceptual analysis. Results indicated six underpinning metaphoric themes (i.e., AN OBJECT, A THREE DIMENSIONAL ARTEFACT, AN INSTITUTIONAL ARTEFACT, A TEXTILE, A LIVING ORGANISM, and A PERSON) of which spatial and temporal properties were often integrated. A comparison of wine educator responses to interpretation and transmission tasks showed that anthropomorphic metaphor (i.e., WINE IS A PERSON) tended to be conceptualized similarly by participants more often than other metaphoric themes. In conclusion, the cultural artefact of language used in the genre of wine reviews and the metaphoric potential of linguistic choices on sensory and affective perceptions indicates a need for the consideration of congruency when wine communication crosses cultural and linguistic borders

The Figurative Meaning Of Metaphorical Expression In "Raja Ampat" Article On Indonesia,Travel Website

oai:jurnal.iainsalatiga.ac.id:article/44Tourism is an essential element of modern life and modern society. Easy access to the internet facilitates the promotion of tourism spreading across the world. Through Indonesia.travel, the Ministry of Tourism of Indonesia official provides information about Indonesia tourism and travel. Raja Ampat, famous for its underwater destination, is one of the travel destinations highlighted on the website. Metaphorical expression frequently appears to describe Raja Ampat destination. This research focuses on observing how the language, specifically metaphor, is used in an article in Indonesia.travel entitled "Raja Ampat" to represent the nature of Raja Ampat as the travel destination. This study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the role of metaphors in the mechanics of persuasion in promotional tourism discourse with a different approach, which is a semantic approach. The analysis metaphorical expressions to reveal the domains of tourism destination highlighted in the text are expected to shed light on how linguistics is closely related to various persuasion functions used in promotional tourism discourse. 13 metaphorical expressions found in the article. Source domain Building, Natural Landscape, High-Mobility, Religion, Family, Profession is utilized in metaphorical expression. It signifies that metaphor is used as a tool to bring the destination closer to travelers living in a city-situated environment.Keywords : tourism, semantics, metaphor

Using corpus methodology for semantic and pragmatic analyses: What can corpora tell us about the linguistic expression of emotions?

The aim of this paper is to explore some of the possibilities, advantages and difficulties of corpus-based analyses of semantic and pragmatic aspects of lan- guage in one particular field, namely the linguistic expression of emotion con- cepts. For this purpose, a methodological procedure is proposed and an exem- plary analysis of the emotion concept “fear” in English is performed. The procedure combines Kövecses’ lexical approach and Stefanowitsch’s meta- phorical pattern analysis with additional concepts from corpus linguistics such as semantic preference and semantic prosody. The results of the study show that such a corpus-based analysis of emotion words offers several advan- tages. Firstly, by exploring the surroundings of the search word in a vast amount of text, we are not only able to find evidence of conceptual metaphor and metonymy that structure the emotion concept and of related emotion con- cepts, but also we can enrich the description of the emotion concept with infor- mation from a series of dimensions and add a pragmatic viewpoint by reveal- ing an explicit or implicit evaluation of the emotion. The second advantage offered by a corpus-based approach lies in the possibility of quantifying re- sults, i.e., comparing the frequency, productivity and creative use of individual metaphors and metonymies, which is especially interesting in view of contras- tive studies

The Functions And Linguistic Analysis Of Metaphor In The Holy Qur’an

The paper aims to tackle the function of metaphor in the Qur’an within the theoretical framework put forward by Lakoff & Turner (1989). This theory is known as the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor. It shows how the Qur’an is structured around the idea of the variety of meaning of lexical items, and how every correspondence between the two domains of “literal” and “non-literal” can fit into it. However, such an application of cognitive semantic approach can provide valuable insights. These insights enhance the overall aim of this paper which is to prove the linguistic creativity of the Qur'an through applying the cognitive theory of metaphor. This paper outlines the basis from which the Qur'an should be considered not only as a book of religious teachings, but also as a linguistic miracle for Arabs (Elsharif, 2011). The structure of this paper is presented as follows. First, we introduce the theoretical background and arguments of this study. Afterwards, we underline the significance of this study and its contribution to the field. In the following section, we present the definition and function of metaphor. Next, we embark on the linguistic analysis of metaphor in the holy Qur’an, metaphorical language and its use in discourse, and metaphor and Islamic religious discourse. Finally, we end the essay with a concluding paragraph

Metaphor, Metonymy and the Extension of the Meanings of Polysemous Words

As an important and pervasive semantic phenomenon across languages, polysemy has attracted much attention of linguists. In the structuralist approach, the research of the relationship of different senses of a polysemous word is confined to the internal structure of language without considering its underlying cognitive mechanism. Thus it fails to reveal the essence of the phenomenon, and cannot give a satisfactory explanation. Cognitive linguistics provides a more convincing and systematic analysis of polysemy. This paper studied meaning extension by means of cognitive linguistic theories and presented the patterns of lexical meaning evolution. It is found that in the process of category enlargement, new members are derived or split from already existing members mainly through metonymy and metaphor, which are two powerful cognitive tools for extension of word meanings. Cognition is a driving force of polysemy, which is the result of the collaboration of metaphor and metonymy. That is, the derivative meanings of a polysemous word are extended from the source meaning through metonymy and metaphor within a category.

Mapping metaphors of wealth and want: a digital approach

The AHRC-funded Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus project aims to provide data on the extent and development of metaphor across the history of English. It uses the full database of the Historical Thesaurus of English, which extensively categorises and classifies the recorded vocabulary of the English language from Old English to the present day. By using this database to map semantic categories onto one another, and thus showing lexical overlap in different conceptual fields, we aim in the project to provide results which will demonstrate the widespread, systematic and far-reaching impact of metaphor on English.<p></p> This paper outlines the digital and linguistic methodologies used by the project, and presents a case study of the semantic categories of wealth and poverty, demonstrating the metaphorical links between these categories and the rest of the language. In addition, we discuss the nature of lexical overlap as we use it in the project, and discuss both the quantitative and diachronic dimensions of the data we are manipulating and their implications for projects of this type.<p></p&gt

Affect and Metaphor Sensing in Virtual Drama

We report our developments on metaphor and affect sensing for several metaphorical language phenomena including affects as external entities metaphor, food metaphor, animal metaphor, size metaphor, and anger metaphor. The metaphor and affect sensing component has been embedded in a conversational intelligent agent interacting with human users under loose scenarios. Evaluation for the detection of several metaphorical language phenomena and affect is provided. Our paper contributes to the journal themes on believable virtual characters in real-time narrative environment, narrative in digital games and storytelling and educational gaming with social software

Information and Experience in Metaphor: A Perspective From Computer Analysis

Novel linguistic metaphor can be seen as the assignment of attributes to a topic through a vehicle belonging to another domain. The experience evoked by the vehicle is a significant aspect of the meaning of the metaphor, especially for abstract metaphor, which involves more than mere physical similarity. In this article I indicate, through description of a specific model, some possibilities as well as limitations of computer processing directed toward both informative and experiential/affective aspects of metaphor. A background to the discussion is given by other computational treatments of metaphor analysis, as well as by some questions about metaphor originating in other disciplines. The approach on which the present metaphor analysis model is based is consistent with a theory of language comprehension that includes both the intent of the originator and the effect on the recipient of the metaphor. The model addresses the dual problem of (a) determining potentially salient properties of the vehicle concept, and (b) defining extensible symbolic representations of such properties, including affective and other connotations. The nature of the linguistic analysis underlying the model suggests how metaphoric expression of experiential components in abstract metaphor is dependent on the nominalization of actions and attributes. The inverse process of undoing such nominalizations in computer analysis of metaphor constitutes a translation of a metaphor to a more literal expression within the metaphor-nonmetaphor dichotomy