Revisiting Piggyback Prototyping: Examining Benefits and Tradeoffs in Extending Existing Social Computing Systems

The CSCW community has a history of designing, implementing, and evaluating novel social interactions in technology, but the process requires significant technical effort for uncertain value. We discuss the opportunities and applications of "piggyback prototyping", building and evaluating new ideas for social computing on top of existing ones, expanding on its potential to contribute design recommendations. Drawing on about 50 papers which use the method, we critically examine the intellectual and technical benefits it provides, such as ecological validity and leveraging well-tested features, as well as research-product and ethical tensions it imposes, such as limits to customization and violation of participant privacy. We discuss considerations for future researchers deciding whether to use piggyback prototyping and point to new research agendas which can reduce the burden of implementing the method.Comment: To appear at the 25th ACM Conference On Computer-Supported Cooperative Work And Social Computing (CSCW '22

The Influence of Type of Implicit EWOM on Purchase Intention

Electronic Word-of-mouth (eWOM) helps shape consumers’ purchasing decisions and companies’ marketing choices. Researchers and practitioners have extensively studied textual or word-based eWOM in online reviews, blogs, e-mails, and product sites. The effect of implicit eWOM, eWOM using paralinguistic cues, on consumer behavior has been infrequently studied even though marketers often seek to use implicit eWOM to influence consumers. On Facebook, the most popular social networking platform in the world, three of the most frequently used forms of implicit eWOM are the emoticon, the emoji, and the GIF. A comparison of the effect of types of implicit eWOM on the purchase intention of eWOM receivers was made in two studies. Four theories, specifically, (Social Presence Theory, Short et al., 1976), Affect as Information Theory, (Clore & Storbeck, 2006), the Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty & Cacioppo, 1984) and the Foote, Cone, and Belding Grid Model (Vaughn, 1980, 1986), were used to frame the studies. In Study 1, four independent groups were shown product reviews that were text only, text plus emoticon, text plus emoji, or text plus GIF. Half of each group were shown a product review of candy and half were shown a product review of a computer. The products represent different levels of engagement and cognitive/affective processing. Study 2 included four independent groups shown product reviews that were text only or text followed by either an emoticon, an emoji, or a GIF. Each participant was shown reviews of three products (candy, a chair, or a computer), chosen to represent different levels of engagement and cognitive/affective processing. All pairs of groups were compared using an independent groups t-test. No significant increase in purchase intention due to implicit eWOM was found in either study. In two comparisons between text only and 1) text plus emoticon and 2) text plus emoji, purchase intention was higher for the text only review than for the review that included a paralinguistic cue

Exploring a Culture of Learning with Technology: An Ethnographic Content Analysis of the Activity of Learning with Educational iPad Apps

This study explored the culture of learning with educational iPad apps using activity theory as a guiding framework. First, the top nine educational apps were tracked in the Top Charts section of Apple’s App Store for a duration of four months. The nine sampled apps, selected based on their frequency of appearance, included Toca Hair Salon 2, Stack the States, Endless Alphabet, Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: Wildlife Count Along, Wild Kratts Creature Power World Adventure, Wallykazam! Letter and Word Magic, Starfall Learn to Read, Dr. Panda’s Restaurant 2, and Bug Art. The descriptions, version updates, app content, and customer reviews for each app were digitized, coded, and analyzed in Dedoose using the Activity Checklist. Additionally instructional analysis diagrams were developed to provide insight into the user interface and actions. Results of the study were presented in the form of nine portraits. The overview and relevant instructional characteristics were detailed for each app. The final chapter examined the broader implications of the app experience. The technology, the instruction, the adult guide, and the App Store were identified as mediating factors that contributed to the dynamic app culture

Food-related Yangsheng short videos among the retired population in Shanghai

Despite an emerging and significant impact upon daily life, health, and self-care in China, the popularity of smartphone-based short videos (duan shipin短视频) has not yet drawn enough attention from either anthropological study or the study of Medical Humanities. The research of this chapter is part of an ongoing long-term (Feb 2018–June 2019) ethnographic research among the retired population in Shanghai, with a specific focus on the use of short videos and their influence and potential for influence upon everyday health and self-care. Along with this development in digital technology, there is an ever-growing and ever-richening visual language among the elderly in mainland China. Given the challenges that China faces with its ageing population and the breakdown of the family as the unit of care, understanding what sorts of clips are more likely to be watched and understood and circulated, and why, becomes critical. This chapter argues that how the combination of the topic, the viewer, the properties of the clip itself, and how they interact requires greater investment from the field of health-related communication

Understanding children’s food-related emotions using words and emojis in the United States and Ghana

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Human NutritionDelores H. ChambersAlthough consumer emotions have recently become a popular research area in the sensory and consumer sciences, there remains a need for an approach designed to evaluate children’s food emotion experience. The objective of this research was to understand U.S. and Ghanaian children’s emotion responses to food, using words and emojis. In the first part of the research, focus groups were conducted to understand children’s use of emotion words and emojis in response to an array of food consumption experiences, both real and recalled. Through this study, a narrowed list of appropriate words and emojis was identified for further testing with children. This study also revealed that children readily use both emotion words and emojis to characterize their food experiences. The next phase of the research was conducted in three parts, which each included emotion assessments of children’s favorite and disliked foods, as well a common set of eight products selected to elicit a broad range of emotions. First, the emotion set identified in focus group testing was used by children in the United States to assess pictures of foods. The responses from this study were used to further narrow the list of appropriate emojis and emotion words. Second, the reduced emotion set was used by children in the U.S. to assess appearance and post-taste emotions for the products. Finally, a food image test with the reduced emotion set was conducted in Accra, Ghana with schoolchildren. Fielding in Ghana allowed for an exploration of the considerations sensory researchers must make when conducting cross-cultural research with children. Emotion word and emoji usage was similar between U.S. and Ghanaian participants, although some differences were observed. The U.S. studies were compared, revealing the influence of stimulus type on children’s reported emotions. Results from the actual food experiences (appearance, taste) were more positive compared to the evaluation of images. Finally, among Ghanaian and U.S. children, high frequencies of selection for positive emotion words and emojis aligned with a favorite food experience. Overall, this research introduces a new approach to consumer emotion research with children for use both domestically and abroad

11th Annual Research Week

A History of Mission Driven Scholarshi

Ordinary Solidarities: Re-Reading Refugee Education Response Through an Anticolonial Discursive Framework

Growing attention to longstanding issues linked to racism and coloniality in humanitarian assistance has impelled important conversations about power inequities in global education spaces and their related scholarly fields. This paper contributes to these conversations by advancing an anticolonial discursive framework for rights-based interventions in and through education. Drawing on a three-year case study of one faith-based school in Lebanon, this paper explores how one ordinary school in a refugee hostile transit country secured and protected the right to education for refugee children from Syria, within a significant broader context of multiple compounding crises. The notion of “ordinary solidarities” is used to describe how this refugee education response sustained engagement in learning, despite tremendous community opposition and against a deteriorating sociopolitical, economic, and pandemic backdrop. Through organic responsiveness, upholding of equitable relationships, and the principles of inclusion and anti-discrimination, ordinary solidarity embodies an anticolonial mandate for rights-based interventions and demands a shift in orientation from saviorism to care. By intertwining humanitarian discourse and one school’s practices, the paper draws out implications for ongoing efforts to reconfigure humanitarian relations and structures

Impact of Integrated Education on Child Oral Health

Background. Allied health professionals can apply their unique scope of practice to educate and promote oral health that best fits families’ daily habits, routines, and cultural practices (Anderson et al., 2020; Gold & Tomar, 2018; Iwao et al., 2019). Purpose. The primary purpose of this capstone project was to increase family utilization of oral healthcare services and daily oral hygiene practices through cultivating positive oral health experiences for all children. Approach. A child intake questionnaire and social story were created to prepare children for their dental exam, provide child-specific oral health education, and understand childrens’ oral health habits and dental experiences for children receiving dental services. Child-reported responses were evaluated using descriptive and categorical analysis to understand child dental experiences before and after their dental exam. Outcomes. 378 children completed the child intake questionnaire. 68% of children served had poor oral hygiene, and 32% had fair to good oral hygiene. Children with fair to good oral hygiene reported slightly more positive oral health experiences when compared to children with poor oral hygiene. Implications. Ready, Set, Smile’s interdisciplinary team should further evaluate the impact of various educational methods and mindfulness activities on child dental experiences. For example, do children who receive oral health education prior to their dental exam report more positive oral health experiences compared to children who did not receive education

Metafore mobilnih komunikacija ; Метафоры мобильной связи.

Mobilne komunikacije su polje informacione i komunikacione tehnologije koje karakteriše brzi razvoj i u kome se istraživanjem u analitičkim okvirima kognitivne lingvistike, zasnovanom na uzorku od 1005 odrednica, otkriva izrazito prisustvo metafore, metonimije, analogije i pojmovnog objedinjavanja. Analiza uzorka reči i izraza iz oblasti mobilnih medija, mobilnih operativnih sistema, dizajna korisničkih interfejsa, terminologije mobilnih mreža, kao i slenga i tekstizama koje upotrebljavaju korisnici mobilnih naprava ukazuje da pomenuti kognitivni mehanizmi imaju ključnu ulogu u olakšavanju interakcije između ljudi i širokog spektra mobilnih uređaja sa računarskim sposobnostima, od prenosivih računara i ličnih digitalnih asistenata (PDA), do mobilnih telefona, tableta i sprava koje se nose na telu. Ti mehanizmi predstavljaju temelj razumevanja i nalaze se u osnovi principa funkcionisanja grafičkih korisničkih interfejsa i direktne manipulacije u računarskim okruženjima. Takođe je analiziran i poseban uzorak od 660 emotikona i emođija koji pokazuju potencijal za proširenje značenja, imajući u vidu značaj piktograma za tekstualnu komunikaciju u vidu SMS poruka i razmenu tekstualnih sadržaja na društvenim mrežama kojima se redovno pristupa putem mobilnih uređaja...Mobile communications are a fast-developing field of information and communication technology whose exploration within the analytical framework of cognitive linguistics, based on a sample of 1005 entries, reveals the pervasive presence of metaphor, metonymy analogy and conceptual integration. The analysis of the sample consisting of words and phrases related to mobile media, mobile operating systems and interface design, the terminology of mobile networking, as well as the slang and textisms employed by mobile gadget users shows that the above cognitive mechanisms play a key role in facilitating interaction between people and a wide range of mobile computing devices from laptops and PDAs to mobile phones, tablets and wearables. They are the cornerstones of comprehension that are behind the principles of functioning of graphical user interfaces and direct manipulation in computing environments. A separate sample, featuring a selection of 660 emoticons and emoji, exhibiting the potential for semantic expansion was also analyzed, in view of the significance of pictograms for text-based communication in the form of text messages or exchanges on social media sites regularly accessed via mobile devices..

A Visual Approach to Improving the Experience of Health Information for Vulnerable Individuals

Many individuals with low health literacy (LHL) and limited English proficiency (LEP) have poor experiences consuming health information: they find it unengaging, unappealing, difficult to understand, and un-motivating. These negative experiences may blunt, or even sabotage, the desired effect of communicating health information: to increase engagement and ability to manage health. It is imperative to find solutions to improve poor experiences of health information, because such experiences heighten vulnerability to poor health outcomes. We aimed to address a gap in the health literacy literature by studying the patient experience of health information and how visualization might be able to help. Our four studies involved patients presented with health information in various settings to improve understanding and management of their care. We used semi-structured interviews and observations to understand patient experiences of receiving personal health information in the hospital. We learned that the return of results is desired and has the potential to promote patient engagement with care. We developed a novel method to analyze LHL, LEP caregiver experience and information needs in the community setting. The novel method increased our understanding and ability to detect differences in experiences within the same ethnic group, based on language preference. Next, we interrogated the literature for a solution to easily communicate complicated health information to disinterested, LHL, LEP individuals. We found that visualizations can help increase interest, comprehension, support faster communication, and even help broach difficult topics. Finally, our findings were used to develop a novel prototype to improve experiences of consuming genetic risk information for those having LHL and LEP. Unlike traditional approaches that focus on communicating risk numbers and probabilities, the novelty of our approach was that we focused on communicating risk as a feeling. We achieved this by leveraging vicarious learning via real patient experience materials (e.g., quotes, videos) and empathy with an emotive relational agent. We evaluated and compared the prototype to standard methods of communicating genetic risk information via a mixed methods approach that included surveys, questionnaires, interviews, observations, image analysis, and facial analysis. Main outcome variables were perceived ease of understanding, comprehension, emotional response, and motivation. We employed t-tests, ANOVAs, directed content analysis, correlation, regression, hierarchical clustering, and Chernoff faces to answer the research questions. All variables were significantly different for the prototype compared to the standard method, except for motivation as rated by 32 LHL, LEP community members. Findings revealed that LHL, LEP individuals have difficulty appropriately processing standard methods of communicating risk information, such as risk numbers supported by visual aids. Further, appealing visuals may inappropriately increase confidence in understanding of information. Visualizations affected emotions, which influenced perceived ease of understanding and motivation to take action on the information. Comprehension scores did not correlate with perceived ease of understanding, emotional response, or motivation. Findings suggest that providing access to comprehensible health information may not be enough to motivate patients to engage with their care; providing a good experience (taking into account the aesthetics and emotional response) of health information may be essential to optimize outcomes