ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM ALP LEVELS AND PRE-OPERATIVE LDH TOWARDS CLINICAL PROGNOSIS OF OSTEOSARCOMA PATIENTS IN H. ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL, MEDAN

Background: The prognosis of osteosarcoma is very unsatisfactory due to frequent tumor metastases to the lung or resistance to chemotherapy. A marker is needed to identify the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma when diagnosed with the aim of being able to receive cancer treatment as soon as possible to improve a better prognosis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have potential in assessing the prognosis in osteosarcoma. Purpose and Objectives: The researcher wanted to investigate the relationship between preoperative serum ALP and LDH levels on the clinical prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Methods: This research is analytic retrospective with the source of data is medical records and was conducted at the Department of Surgery FK-USU/RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan with research code of ethics No. 426/KEPK/USU/2022. The subjects of this study were patients with osteosarcoma who were treated at Division of Orthopedic Surgery at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan from January 2015-December 2017 who met the inclusion criteria. Results: There was no significant relationship between ALP and LDH with five-year survival with p-values ​​of 0.557 and 0.179 (p>0.05). ALP has a weak correlation with five-year survival with an r value of -0.019 which means the higher the ALP, the lower the five-year survival of the patient. Meanwhile, LDH has a weak correlation with an r value of 0.093, which means the higher the LDH, the higher the patient's five-year survival. The ALP value in this study had a median value of 212 U/L and an LDH value of 489 U/L. ALP has sensitivity of 61.1% and specificity of 57.1% with a cut-off of 217.5 U/L. Meanwhile, LDH sensitivity was 61.2% and specificity was 51.4% with a cut-off of 488.5 U/L. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between ALP and LDH with five-year survival

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Capacitação on-line promovida pelo Programa de Educação Continuada de Usuários do SiBi/UFPR em parceria com a Pró-Reitoria de Extensão e Cultura (PROEC), data: 22/11/2022. Palestrante: Bibliotecária Dra. Josefina Aparecida Soares Guedes (Biblioteca de Ciências da Saúde / Botânico). Mediador: Bibliotecário Nilson Carlos Vieira Júnior (Biblioteca de Ciência e Tecnologia). Intérpretes de libras: Aldemar Balbino da Costa e Fabiano de Castro Marcelino.Apresentação do estilo Vancouver para formatação de artigos científicos (folha de rosto, resumo, descritores, seções, citações e referências).Programa de Educação Continuada de Usuários (PROEDUC) do SiBi/UFPR

Evolutionary program induction directed by logic grammars.

by Wong Man Leung.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-236).List of Figures --- p.iiiList of Tables --- p.viChapter Chapter 1 : --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1. --- Automatic programming and program induction --- p.1Chapter 1.2. --- Motivation --- p.6Chapter 1.3. --- Contributions of the research --- p.8Chapter 1.4. --- Outline of the thesis --- p.11Chapter Chapter 2 : --- An Overview of Evolutionary Algorithms --- p.13Chapter 2.1. --- Evolutionary algorithms --- p.13Chapter 2.2. --- Genetic Algorithms (GAs) --- p.15Chapter 2.2.1. --- The canonical genetic algorithm --- p.16Chapter 2.2.1.1. --- Selection methods --- p.21Chapter 2.2.1.2. --- Recombination methods --- p.24Chapter 2.2.1.3. --- Inversion and Reordering --- p.27Chapter 2.2.2. --- Implicit parallelism and the building block hypothesis --- p.28Chapter 2.2.3. --- Steady state genetic algorithms --- p.32Chapter 2.2.4. --- Hybrid algorithms --- p.33Chapter 2.3. --- Genetic Programming (GP) --- p.34Chapter 2.3.1. --- Introduction to the traditional GP --- p.34Chapter 2.3.2. --- Automatic Defined Function (ADF) --- p.41Chapter 2.3.3. --- Module Acquisition (MA) --- p.44Chapter 2.3.4. --- Strongly Typed Genetic Programming (STGP) --- p.49Chapter 2.4. --- Evolution Strategies (ES) --- p.50Chapter 2.5. --- Evolutionary Programming (EP) --- p.55Chapter Chapter 3 : --- Inductive Logic Programming --- p.59Chapter 3.1. --- Inductive concept learning --- p.59Chapter 3.2. --- Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) --- p.62Chapter 3.2.1. --- Interactive ILP --- p.64Chapter 3.2.2. --- Empirical ILP --- p.65Chapter 3.3. --- Techniques and methods of ILP --- p.67Chapter Chapter 4 : --- Genetic Logic Programming and Applications --- p.74Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.74Chapter 4.2. --- Representations of logic programs --- p.76Chapter 4.3. --- Crossover of logic programs --- p.81Chapter 4.4. --- Genetic Logic Programming System (GLPS) --- p.87Chapter 4.5. --- Applications --- p.90Chapter 4.5.1. --- The Winston's arch problem --- p.91Chapter 4.5.2. --- The modified Quinlan's network reachability problem --- p.92Chapter 4.5.3. --- The factorial problem --- p.95Chapter Chapter 5 : --- The logic grammars based genetic programming system (LOGENPRO) --- p.100Chapter 5.1. --- Logic grammars --- p.101Chapter 5.2. --- Representations of programs --- p.103Chapter 5.3. --- Crossover of programs --- p.111Chapter 5.4. --- Mutation of programs --- p.126Chapter 5.5. --- The evolution process of LOGENPRO --- p.130Chapter 5.6. --- Discussion --- p.132Chapter Chapter 6 : --- Applications of LOGENPRO --- p.134Chapter 6.1. --- Learning functional programs --- p.134Chapter 6.1.1. --- Learning S-expressions using LOGENPRO --- p.134Chapter 6.1.2. --- The DOT PRODUCT problem --- p.137Chapter 6.1.2. --- Learning sub-functions using explicit knowledge --- p.143Chapter 6.2. --- Learning logic programs --- p.148Chapter 6.2.1. --- Learning logic programs using LOGENPRO --- p.148Chapter 6.2.2. --- The Winston's arch problem --- p.151Chapter 6.2.3. --- The modified Quinlan's network reachability problem --- p.153Chapter 6.2.4. --- The factorial problem --- p.154Chapter 6.2.5. --- Discussion --- p.155Chapter 6.3. --- Learning programs in C --- p.155Chapter Chapter 7 : --- Knowledge Discovery in Databases --- p.159Chapter 7.1. --- Inducing decision trees using LOGENPRO --- p.160Chapter 7.1.1. --- Decision trees --- p.160Chapter 7.1.2. --- Representing decision trees as S-expressions --- p.164Chapter 7.1.3. --- The credit screening problem --- p.166Chapter 7.1.4. --- The experiment --- p.168Chapter 7.2. --- Learning logic program from imperfect data --- p.174Chapter 7.2.1. --- The chess endgame problem --- p.177Chapter 7.2.2. --- The setup of experiments --- p.178Chapter 7.2.3. --- Comparison of LOGENPRO with FOIL --- p.180Chapter 7.2.4. --- Comparison of LOGENPRO with BEAM-FOIL --- p.182Chapter 7.2.5. --- Comparison of LOGENPRO with mFOILl --- p.183Chapter 7.2.6. --- Comparison of LOGENPRO with mFOIL2 --- p.184Chapter 7.2.7. --- Comparison of LOGENPRO with mFOIL3 --- p.185Chapter 7.2.8. --- Comparison of LOGENPRO with mFOIL4 --- p.186Chapter 7.2.9. --- Comparison of LOGENPRO with mFOIL5 --- p.187Chapter 7.2.10. --- Discussion --- p.188Chapter 7.3. --- Learning programs in Fuzzy Prolog --- p.189Chapter Chapter 8 : --- An Adaptive Inductive Logic Programming System --- p.192Chapter 8.1. --- Adaptive Inductive Logic Programming --- p.192Chapter 8.2. --- A generic top-down ILP algorithm --- p.196Chapter 8.3. --- Inducing procedural search biases --- p.200Chapter 8.3.1. --- The evolution process --- p.201Chapter 8.3.2. --- The experimentation setup --- p.202Chapter 8.3.3. --- Fitness calculation --- p.203Chapter 8.4. --- Experimentation and evaluations --- p.204Chapter 8.4.1. --- The member predicate --- p.205Chapter 8.4.2. --- The member predicate in a noisy environment --- p.205Chapter 8.4.3. --- The multiply predicate --- p.206Chapter 8.4.4. --- The uncle predicate --- p.207Chapter 8.5. --- Discussion --- p.208Chapter Chapter 9 : --- Conclusion and Future Work --- p.210Chapter 9.1. --- Conclusion --- p.210Chapter 9.2. --- Future work --- p.217Chapter 9.2.1. --- Applying LOGENPRO to discover knowledge from databases --- p.217Chapter 9.2.2. --- Learning recursive programs --- p.218Chapter 9.2.3. --- Applying LOGENPRO in engineering design --- p.220Chapter 9.2.4. --- Exploiting parallelism of evolutionary algorithms --- p.222Reference --- p.227Appendix A --- p.23

Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 after exercise: a systematic review

O exercício físico é uma atividade fisiológica importantíssima, associada a vários benefícios. Embora seja consensual a importância da atividade física na saúde cardiovascular (CV), existe interesse em avaliar as adaptações CV ao exercício vigoroso intenso. O exercício pode estar associado ao aumento de biomarcadores cardíacos, como as troponinas, embora o espectro total desta observação permaneça ainda desconhecido. A proteína relacionada com o receptor de interleucina 1 conhecida como Supression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) é um biomarcador relacionado com a fisiopatologia da fibrose, sendo um alvo promissor para o estudo da insuficiência cardíaca. O conhecimento da cinética do ST2 pode melhorar a compreensão geral das vias mecanísticas da adaptação CV ao exercício. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo avaliar o estado da arte relativamente aos níveis de ST2 após exercício físico em indivíduos saudáveis. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa em três bases de dados (Pubmed, ISI Web of Science e Scopus), até Outubro de 2020, usando como termo de pesquisa "ST2" ou "ST-2" + "exercise" ou "running". Incluíram-se seis estudos na revisão, totalizando 349 indivíduos (73% do sexo masculino), cujos níveis de ST2 foram avaliados. A maioria dos estudos reportava aumento dos níveis de ST2 após o exercício. Três estudos, abrangendo 219 indivíduos, descreviam como valor de corte 35 ng/dL de ST2. Nestes, 92,7% dos indivíduos tinha valores de ST2 após exercício (corrida em todos eles) acima do valor de corte. A maioria dos estudos reporta níveis aumentados de ST2 após exercício, com um número importante a exceder o valor de corte de 35 ng/dL. Devido ao número relativamente pequeno de indivíduos representados, assim como a falta de dados de imagiologia e de um seguimento a longo prazo, este assunto deve ser objeto de futuros estudos prospetivos de maior escala.Exercise is a pivotal physiological activity, associated with benefits. Whilst the importance of physical activity is consensual along different steps of the cardiovascular (CV) continuum, there has been interest in assessing the CV adaptations to vigorous exercise. Indeed, exercise can be associated with increases in cardiac biomarkers, though the scope of this observation remains elusive. Interleukin 1 receptor related protein, Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is a biomarker related to the pathophysiology of fibrosis, having shown promise in the study of heart failure. Knowledge of ST2 kinetics could improve understanding of the mechanistic pathways related to CV adaptations to exercise. To assess the current state-of-the-art concerning ST2 levels after exercise in healthy individuals. A systematic review was carried out on three databases (Pubmed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus), up to October 2020, using the queries "ST2" or "ST-2" + "exercise" or "running". A total of six studies were included in the review, encompassing 349 subjects (73% male gender) in which ST2 was assessed. Most studies reported increases in ST2 levels after exercise. Three studies, encompassing a total of 219 individuals, described a cut-off level of 35 ng/dL for ST2. In these, 92.7% of subjects had ST2 levels above this cut-off after exercise (running in all studies). Most studies report increased levels of ST2 after exercise, with an important number of individuals exceeding the 35 ng/dL threshold. Given the small number of individuals represented and the lack of imaging data and long-term follow-up, further prospective larger studies should target this

Genetic programming with context-sensitive grammars

This thesis presents Genetic Algorithm for Deriving Software (Gads), a new technique for genetic programming. Gads combines a conventional genetic algorithm with a context-sensitive grammar. The key to Gads is the onto genic mapping, which converts a genome from an array of integers to a correctly typed program in the phenotype language defined by the grammar. A new type of grammar, the reflective attribute grammar (rag), is introduced. The rag is an extension of the conventional attribute grammar, which is designed to produce valid sentences, not to recognize or parse them. Together, Gads and rags provide a scalable solution for evolving type-correct software in independently-chosen context-sensitive languages. The statistics of performance comparison is investigated. A method for representing a set of genetic programming systems or problems on a cladogram is presented. A method for comparing genetic programming systems or problems on a single rational scale is proposed

LONGEVIDADE VOCAL: ANÁLISE DA CARREIRA DA CANTORA RITA LEE EM UMA PERSPECTIVA FONÉTICA

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Fonoaudiologia.Introdução: A voz humana é única e varia de acordo com nossas emoções e o ambiente no qual vivemos. Com o envelhecimento nossa voz pode mudar e a análise da qualidade vocal sob uma perspectiva fonética pode auxiliar na compreensão dos ajustes que explicam tais mudanças. Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade vocal da cantora Rita Lee, ao longo de sua carreira, em uma perspectiva fonética. Método: trata-se de um estudo de caso do tipo quantitativo e descritivo dos ajustes vocais realizados pela cantora Rita Lee na música “Ovelha Negra”, em três diferentes momentos da carreira: 1975, 1985 e 2009 e verificar as mudanças da voz da cantora por meio do protocolo VPAS-PB. A avaliação foi realizada em consenso por duas juízas especialistas nessa forma de avaliação. Resultado: A análise demonstrou diferenças entre os períodos analisados, em que os ajustes com grau mais extremo foram encontrados na gravação de 1985. Com o passar dos anos, observou-se abaixamento da laringe, protrusão labial, ajuste de mandíbula mais fechada, qualidade vocal que desenvolveu aspereza e soprosidade, além de alterações no suporte respiratório. Conclusão: Ao longo da carreira a cantora apresentou mudanças de ajustes de trato vocal e de qualidade vocal compatíveis com a sua idade e com os seus hábitos nos momentos da carreira analisados

Male sex, the levels of prolactin, presence of hypopituitarism and suprasellar extension are predictors of prolactinomas resistance to medical therapy

Introdução - As recomendações internacionais propõem os agonistas dopaminérgicos como base da terapêutica dos prolactinomas. Os agonistas dopaminérgicos permitem a normalização dos níveis de prolactina e a redução das dimensões do tumor. Apesar de sua alta eficácia, alguns deles são resistentes a essa terapêutica. Posto isto, este estudo retrospetivo visa identificar diferenças entre pacientes resistentes e responsivos à terapêutica, para uma melhor identificação destes casos na prática clínica. Métodos - Foram analisadas e comparadas as características clínicas, laboratoriais e imagiológicas de uma coorte de 122 prolactinomas, acompanhados no Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. A resistência foi definida como o uso de cabergolina em doses superiores a 3 mg/semana sem redução dos níveis de prolactina ou do tamanho do tumor. Os resultados são apresentados como média ± desvio padrão e comparados através de uma análise univariada e multivariada. Resultados - Consideramos 114 pacientes como respondedores (23.7% do sexo masculino; idade 21.5 ± 11.0 anos; níveis médios de prolactina 147.0 ng/mL; 2.8% sem lesão visível, 52.8% micro e 44.4% macroprolactinomas; extensão suprasselar em 28.2%, extensão infraselar em 28.0% e extensão parasselar em 30.1%) e 8 resistentes (62.5% do sexo masculino; idade 16.8 ± 12.9 anos; níveis médios de prolactina 2430.0 ng/mL; todos eles macroprolactinomas e 87.5% apresentaram extensão em pelo menos uma das 3 dimensões consideradas). Os respondedores usaram doses médias de 6.6 ± 6.3 mg/dia de bromocriptina e 1.1 ± 0.6 mg/semana de cabergolina, enquanto os resistentes usaram 16.3 ± 11.1 mg/dia de bromocriptina e 5.4 ± 4.3 mg/semana de cabergolina. Um paciente resistente foi tratado com temozolomida. Todos os resistentes apresentaram hipogonadismo e tinham também mais afeção noutras células hipofisárias do que os respondedores. Conclusão - Sexo masculino, níveis elevados de prolactina, hipopituitarismo e extensão suprasselar são preditores de resistência aos agentes dopaminérgicos nos prolactinomas.Introduction - International guidelines recommend dopamine agonists as first-line treatment strategy for prolactinomas. Dopaminergic agonists allow the normalization of prolactin levels and the reduction of the tumor dimension. Despite its high efficacy, some prolactinomas are resistant to this therapy. Therefore, this retrospective study aims to identify differences between resistant and responder prolactinomas, to better identify them in clinical practice. Methods - Clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of a cohort of 122 prolactinomas, followed at Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, were analyzed. Resistance was defined as the use of cabergoline in doses superior to 3 mg/week without lowering prolactin levels or tumor size. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared as appropriated, namely using a univariate and multivariate analysis. Results - We considered 114 patients as responders (23.7% male; age 21.5 ± 11.0 years; mean prolactin levels 147.0 ng/mL; 2.8% without visible lesion, 52.8% micro and 44.4% macroprolactinomas; suprasellar extension in 28.2%; infrasellar extension in 28.0% and parasellar extension in 30.1%) and 8 resistant (62.5% male; age 16.8 ± 12.9 years; mean prolactin levels 2430.0 ng/mL; all of them were macroprolactinomas and 87.5% presented extension in at least one of the 3 considered dimensions). Responders used medium doses of 6.6 ± 6.3 mg/day of bromocriptine and 1.1 ± 0.6 mg/week of cabergoline, while resistants used 16.3 ± 11.1 mg/day of bromocriptine and 5.4 ± 4.3 mg/week of cabergoline. One resistant patient was treated with temozolomide. All resistant had hypogonadism and presented more pituitary hypofunctions than responders. Conclusion - Male sex, higher prolactin levels, hypopituitarism and suprasellar extension are predictors of prolactinomas resistance to dopaminergic agents