9 research outputs found

    Volume 3 – Conference

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    We are pleased to present the conference proceedings for the 12th edition of the International Fluid Power Conference (IFK). The IFK is one of the world’s most significant scientific conferences on fluid power control technology and systems. It offers a common platform for the presentation and discussion of trends and innovations to manufacturers, users and scientists. The Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems at the TU Dresden is organizing and hosting the IFK for the sixth time. Supporting hosts are the Fluid Power Association of the German Engineering Federation (VDMA), Dresdner Verein zur Förderung der Fluidtechnik e. V. (DVF) and GWT-TUD GmbH. The organization and the conference location alternates every two years between the Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems in Dresden and the Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Systems in Aachen. The symposium on the first day is dedicated to presentations focused on methodology and fundamental research. The two following conference days offer a wide variety of application and technology orientated papers about the latest state of the art in fluid power. It is this combination that makes the IFK a unique and excellent forum for the exchange of academic research and industrial application experience. A simultaneously ongoing exhibition offers the possibility to get product information and to have individual talks with manufacturers. The theme of the 12th IFK is “Fluid Power – Future Technology”, covering topics that enable the development of 5G-ready, cost-efficient and demand-driven structures, as well as individual decentralized drives. Another topic is the real-time data exchange that allows the application of numerous predictive maintenance strategies, which will significantly increase the availability of fluid power systems and their elements and ensure their improved lifetime performance. We create an atmosphere for casual exchange by offering a vast frame and cultural program. This includes a get-together, a conference banquet, laboratory festivities and some physical activities such as jogging in Dresden’s old town.:Group 8: Pneumatics Group 9 | 11: Mobile applications Group 10: Special domains Group 12: Novel system architectures Group 13 | 15: Actuators & sensors Group 14: Safety & reliabilit

    THIESEL 2020.Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines.8th-11th September

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    'The THIESEL 2020 Conference on Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines planned in Valencia (Spain) for 8th to 11th September 2020 has been successfully held in a virtual format, due to the COVID19 pandemic. In spite of the very tough environmental demands, combustion engines will probably remain the main propulsion system in transport for the next 20 to 50 years, at least for as long as alternative solutions cannot provide the flexibility expected by customers of the 21st century. But it needs to adapt to the new times, and so research in combustion engines is nowadays mostly focused on the new challenges posed by hybridization and downsizing. The topics presented in the papers of the conference include traditional ones, such as Injection & Sprays, Combustion, but also Alternative Fuels, as well as papers dedicated specifically to CO2 Reduction and Emissions Abatement.Papers stem from the Academic Research sector as well as from the IndustryXandra Marcelle, M.; Desantes Fernández, JM. (2020). THIESEL 2020.Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines.8th-11th September. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/150759EDITORIA

    Electromagnetically-driven ultra-fast tool servos for diamond turning

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    Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 343-351).This thesis presents the design, implementation, and control of a new class of fast tool servos (FTS). The primary thesis contributions include the design and experimental demonstration of: novel ultra-fast electromagnetic actuators, integration of these actuators in a new class of FTS, a novel real-time control computer with 1 million samples per second throughput, MIMO loop shaping techniques for parallel power amplifiers, and a novel configuration and controller tuning method for implementing adaptive feed-forward cancellation control. All of these elements have been successfully used for diamond turning of contoured surfaces. Fast tool servos (FTS) are high bandwidth positioning devices, which, in conjunction with an ultra-precision lathe and diamond tooling, can produce free form surfaces with nanometer-scale resolution, such as required in micro-optical devices and light-enhancing films. The increasing complexity of such surfaces requires more components in shorter spatial wavelengths, and thus drives simultaneously the need for high bandwidth, high acceleration and high accuracy of the FTS. Conventional FTS solutions are based on piezoelectric stacks, which are typically limited to a few micron stroke at 1 kHz operation if not operated in a resonant mode.(cont.) As a promising alternative, this thesis demonstrates electromagnetically driven solutions for fast tool servos. The key new technology in these alternative designs is a new class of ultra fast electromagnetic drivers with thousands of G's acceleration capability in continuous operation. By separating the flux-biasing surfaces from the normal-flux working surfaces, this new driver design has a number of advantages: (1) actuating force linear to both excitation current and displacement, (2) modularity and parallel operating ability, (3) full magnetic stress utilization of normal surfaces, and (4) low heat dissipation. We analyze the operation characteristics, and also provide soft magnetic material selection criteria and motor design guidelines. Based on this ultra fast driver, we designed a linear fast tool servo with the theoretical capability for 1200 G acceleration in continuous operation. To control such positioning devices at bandwidth of over 10 kHz, we developed a real-time computer architecture, utilizing three floating point digital signal processors (DSPs) in conjunction with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to significantly increase the processing rate.(cont.) The real-time computer prototype experimentally demonstrated 1 million samples per second real-time control execution with a total latency of 1.9 microseconds when implementing a representative control algorithm of significant complexity. This processing system has capabilities far beyond what is commercially available for such real-time high-accuracy control tasks. The power amplifier driving the FTS must supply 1 kVA (primarily reactive power) with over 100 kHz bandwidth. We present a solution of using 4 power operational amplifiers in parallel, each capable of supplying one fourth of the total power. To address the coupling issues among channels, a decoupling theory is developed to convert the associated MIMO plant into several SISO sub-plants, and thus ease the analog decentralized controller design of the power amplifier current feedback loops. In order to enhance the FTS repetitive position trajectory tracking and disturbance rejection, adaptive feed-forward cancellation is embedded into a conventional motion control loop in our system. We provide a consistent loop shaping framework and intuitive parameter tuning and trade-off guidelines for this controller structure.(cont.) Experimental results with the first prototype FTS using powder iron cores demonstrate 23 kHz closed-loop bandwidth, as low as 1.7 nm RMS error, 30 micron stroke, 500 G peak acceleration at 10 kHz open-loop operation, and 2.1 nm (0.04%) error in tracking a 3 kHz sinusoid of 16 micron p-v. (The full 1200 G capability is expected to be experimentally demonstrated by the second prototype FTS using Ni-Fe tape cores). Using this FTS, we have diamond-turned two-dimensional sinusoidal surfaces in copper and aluminum with 0.5 degree azimuthal spatial period, 160 micron radial spatial period, and 2 micron peak-to-valley amplitude, at 500 RPM spindle speed.by Xiaodong Lu.Ph.D

    Regelung von direktangetriebenen elektrischen Maschinen für Verbrennungsmotoren

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    Diese Arbeit handelt von der Regelung von elektrischen Maschinen, welche an einem Verbrennungsmotor direkt gekoppelt sind. Zu Beginn werden einige Grundlagen zur Regelung von permanent erregten Synchronmaschinen (PMSM) und die Funktionsweise von Vier-Takt-Ottomotoren erläutert. Es folgen dann die verschiedenen Versuchsaufbauten, die in dieser Arbeit genutzt wurden, um verschiedene mittelwert und dynamikbasierte Regelverfahren zu validieren. Zu den mittelwertbasierten Regelverfahren werden Verfahren gezählt, welche keine hochdynamische Drehmomentänderung innerhalb der vier Takte des Verbrennungsmotors benötigen. Hierzu gehört unter anderem die drosselklappenaktorlose Leistungsregelung. Das zu regelnde System ist nichtlinear. Zur Regelung des Systems wurde es zum einen mithilfe einer Taylorannäherung und zum anderen mit einer Ausgangsrückführung linearisiert. Zu dem linearisierten System konnte anschließend ein Regler ausgelegt werden. Ein weiteres mittelwertbasiertes Regelverfahren ist die winkelgeberlose Regelung. Hierbei wurden verschiedene Winkelschätzverfahren für die PMSM angewendet, um den elektrischen Winkel und das Drehmoment desVerbrennungsmotors zu schätzen, welches mit einem theoretischen Kompressionsdrehmoment verglichen wird, um den Kurbelwinkel zum elektrischen Winkel zu referenzieren. Die dynamikbasierten Regelverfahren sind Verfahren, welche innerhalb der vier Takte den Drehmoment-/ Kraftverlauf der elektrischen Maschine stark verändern. Hierdurch ist es unter anderem möglich, den Kolbenhubverlauf bei einem Verbrennungsmotor mit Kurbelwelle und bei einem Freikolbenmotor anzupassen. Außerdem kann die Einprägung eines hochdynamischen Drehmoments auf einer Nockenwelle dazu genutzt werden, um die Ventilsteuerzeiten zu variieren. Weiterhin wird eine hohe Regeldynamik benötigt, wenn eine nahezu konstante Drehzahl erforderlich ist. Hierfür muss ein Drehmoment eingeprägt werden, was das Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors kompensiert. Dies wird als Drehmomentdämpfung/-kompensation bezeichnet. Es wurden verschiedene Drehmomentdämpfungsmethoden getestet und die Ergebnisse nach Implementierungsaufwand und benötigten Sensoren verglichen.This work deals with the control of electrical machines that are directly coupled to an internal combustion engine. At the beginning, some basics for the control of permanently excited synchronous machines and the functioning of four-strokegasoline engines are explained. This is followed by the various test setups that were used in this work to validate various average and dynamics-based control procedures. The average value-based control methods include methods that do not require a highly dynamic change in torque within the four cycles of the internal combustion engine. This includes throttle actuator-free power control. The system is nonlinear. To control the system, it was linearized on the one hand by using a Taylorapproximation and on the other hand by using a feedback linearization. A controller could then be designed for the linearized system. Another control method, based on average values, is the control without an angle encoder. Here, angle estimationmethods for the PMSM were used to estimate the electrical angle and the torque of the internal combustion engine, which is compared with a theoretical compression torque in order to reference the crank angle to the electrical angle.The dynamics-based control methods are methods that change the torque / force curve of the electrical machine significantly within the four cycles. This makes it possible, among other things, to adapt the piston stroke in an internal combustionengine with a crankshaft and in a free piston engine. In addition, the injection of a highly dynamic torque on a camshaft can be used to adjust the valve timing. High control dynamics are also necessary when an almost constant speed is required. Forthis, a torque must be applied, which compensates the torque of the internal combustion engine. This is known as torque damping / compensation. Different torque damping methods were tested and the results compared according to implementation effort and required sensors

    Dilution torque control of a gasoline engine

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    SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN059688 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

    Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1988

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    This bibliography contains abstracts of the technical reports that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1988. Subject, author, and corporate source indexes are also included. All the publications were announced in the 1988 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses

    Modelagem e controle de um atuador eletromagnético linear tubular para aplicação em suspensão ativa

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    Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de procedimentos para modelagem dinâ- mica e controle de um atuador eletromagnético linear tubular para aplicação em sistemas de suspensão ativa. A suspensão ativa é um conceito de suspensão que utiliza um elemento ativo para inserir força no sistema e atenuar as vibrações indesejadas entre duas partes móveis. A modelagem dinâmica do atuador é desenvolvida, os parâmetros da má- quina necessários neste modelo são obtidos, e a descrição é feita no espaço de estados com realimentação linearizante. Um ambiente de cossimulação entre modelo de elementos finitos, parte mecânica e acionamento, é criado para auxiliar na validação do modelo dinâmico. Este modelo também é validado em malha aberta através de ensaios experimentais que permitem avaliar o comportamento dinâmico do atuador quando submetido a diferentes referências de tensão elétrica. Partindo deste modelo, o controle de posição do atuador é desenvolvido para seguimento ou rejeição de sinais periódicos considerando variações harmônicas e componente CC, operando com e sem carga. Para alcançar este objetivo uma estratégia multi-loop é desenvolvida com controladores Proporcional-Integral e Proporcional-Integral-Ressonante, baseada na estratégia de controle por orientação de campo. Os parâmetros de sintonia do controlador são projetados a partir da solução de um problema de otimização com restrições na forma de desigualdades matriciais lineares. Após isso, um aparato experimental que caracteriza uma plataforma de suspensão para representar vibrações e um sistema com massa-mola-amortecedor é modelado e caracterizado em função da sua resposta em frequência para representar perfis normatizados de rodovias e outros sinais periódicos. O atuador eletromagnético linear, inserido neste aparato, forma um sistema de suspensão ativa. O controle do atuador no sistema de suspensão é realizado baseado na estratégia skyhook, alocação de polos e minimização da norma H∞. Os resultados mostram que o atuador linear é capaz de atuar num sistema de suspensão ativa, garantindo seguimento da pista ou melhorando significativamente o conforto dos passageiros através da redução de aceleração na massa suspensa.This work presents the development of procedures for dynamic modeling and control of a linear tubular electromagnetic actuator for application in active suspension systems. Active suspension is a concept of suspension that uses an active element to insert force into the system and reduces undesirable vibrations between two moving parts. The dynamic modeling of the actuator is developed, the machine parameters necessary for this model are obtained, and the state-space description is made using feedback linearization. A co-simulation environment between the finite element model, mechanical part, and drive is created to improve the validation process of the dynamic model. This model is also validated in open-loop through experimental tests that allow the evaluation of the dynamic behavior of the actuator when subjected to different excitation voltages. Based on this model, the actuator position control is developed for tracking or rejecting periodic signals considering harmonic content and DC component, operating with load and no load. To achieve this goal, a multi-loop strategy is developed with Proportional-Integral and Proportional-Integral-Resonant controllers, based on the field-oriented control strategy. The controller tuning parameters are designed from the solution of an optimization problem with constraints in the form of linear matrix inequalities. After that, an experimental apparatus featuring a suspension platform to represent vibrations and a massspring-damper system is modeled and characterized in terms of its frequency response to represent normalized road profiles and other periodic signals. The linear electromagnetic actuator, placed into this apparatus, creates an active suspension system. The actuator control in the suspension system is performed based on the skyhook strategy, pole allocation, and minimization of the H∞ norm. The results show that the linear actuator can operate to ensure tracking of references, or significantly improve passenger comfort by isolating the sprung mass of vibrations
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