5,088 research outputs found
Memoization for Unary Logic Programming: Characterizing PTIME
We give a characterization of deterministic polynomial time computation based
on an algebraic structure called the resolution semiring, whose elements can be
understood as logic programs or sets of rewriting rules over first-order terms.
More precisely, we study the restriction of this framework to terms (and logic
programs, rewriting rules) using only unary symbols. We prove it is complete
for polynomial time computation, using an encoding of pushdown automata. We
then introduce an algebraic counterpart of the memoization technique in order
to show its PTIME soundness. We finally relate our approach and complexity
results to complexity of logic programming. As an application of our
techniques, we show a PTIME-completeness result for a class of logic
programming queries which use only unary function symbols.Comment: Soumis {\`a} LICS 201
Adversarial Training in Affective Computing and Sentiment Analysis: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Over the past few years, adversarial training has become an extremely active
research topic and has been successfully applied to various Artificial
Intelligence (AI) domains. As a potentially crucial technique for the
development of the next generation of emotional AI systems, we herein provide a
comprehensive overview of the application of adversarial training to affective
computing and sentiment analysis. Various representative adversarial training
algorithms are explained and discussed accordingly, aimed at tackling diverse
challenges associated with emotional AI systems. Further, we highlight a range
of potential future research directions. We expect that this overview will help
facilitate the development of adversarial training for affective computing and
sentiment analysis in both the academic and industrial communities
Developing A Theory of Change
This is a best practice to obtain clarity about what needs to happen to achieve and sustain the changes, or outcomes, that want to be seen (mapping the outcome pathways to success) and to identify who (people or institutions) can influence these outcomes positively or negatively (mapping the activity ecosystem). It sets the framework for identifying impact, intermediary outcome and process indicators
An RNN Model for Generating Sentences with a Desired Word at a Desired Position
Generating sentences with a desired word is useful in many natural language processing tasks. State-of-the-art recurrent neural network (RNN)-based models mainly generate sentences in a left-to-right manner, which does not allow explicit and direct constraints on the words at arbitrary positions in a sentence. To address this issue, we propose a generative model of sentences named Coupled-RNN. We employ two RNN\u27s to generate sentences backwards and forwards respectively starting from a desired word, and inject position embeddings into the model to solve the problem of position information loss. We explore two coupling mechanisms to optimize the reconstruction loss globally. Experimental results demonstrate that Coupled-RNN can generate high quality sentences that contain a desired word at a desired position
TectoMT â a deep-Âlinguistic core of the combined Chimera MT system
Chimera is a machine translation system that combines the TectoMT deep-linguistic core with phrase-based MT system Moses. For EnglishâCzech pair it also uses the Depfix post-correction system. All the components run on Unix/Linux platform and are open source (available from Perl repository CPAN and the LINDAT/CLARIN repository). The main website is https://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/tectomt. The development is currently supported by the QTLeap 7th FP project (http://qtleap.eu)
A critical rationalist approach to organizational learning: testing the theories held by managers
The common wisdom is that Popper's critical rationalism, a method aimed at knowledge validation through falsification of theories, is inadequate for managers in organizations. This study falsifies this argument in three phases: first, it specifies the obstructers that prevent the method from being employed; second, the critical rationalist method is adapted for strategic management purposes; last, the method and the hypotheses are tested via action research. Conclusions are that once the obstructers are omitted the method is applicable and effective
Programming Language Techniques for Natural Language Applications
It is easy to imagine machines that can communicate in natural language. Constructing such machines is more difficult. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate
how declarative grammar formalisms that distinguish between abstract and concrete syntax make it easier to develop natural language applications.
We describe how the type-theorectical grammar formalism Grammatical
Framework (GF) can be used as a high-level language for natural language
applications. By taking advantage of techniques from the field of programming
language implementation, we can use GF grammars to perform portable
and efficient parsing and linearization, generate speech recognition language
models, implement multimodal fusion and fission, generate support code for
abstract syntax transformations, generate dialogue managers, and implement
speech translators and web-based syntax-aware editors.
By generating application components from a declarative grammar, we can
reduce duplicated work, ensure consistency, make it easier to build multilingual
systems, improve linguistic quality, enable re-use across system domains, and
make systems more portable
Sustainability Capacity of HIV Programs in National Capital Region, Philippines
Across all the regions in the Philippines, the National Capital Region (NCR) got the highest percentage (37%) for HIV newly diagnosed cases based from the July-August 2017 HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Philippinesâ report. The National HIV, AIDS, and STI Prevention and Control Program (NASPCP) of the Department of Health (DOH) lead the different health services in the prevention of HIV transmission. Anchored with the NASPCP, different HIV programs of DOHâs selected partner institutions and organizations within NCR continuously exist. However, due to the increase on the number of newly diagnosed HIV cases in the country, ensuring its sustainability through assessing the different domains of their program was in need to be studied. This article was based from an undergraduate thesis study which aimed to assess the sustainability capacity of HIV programs among DOHâs selected partner institutions and organizations within NCR, Philippines, scoping the eight domains specifically the environmental support, funding stability, partnerships, organizational capacity, program evaluation, program adaptation, communications, and strategic planning. The study used a quantitative approach; 17 government institutions specifically city health offices and 13 non-government HIV-related organizations for a total of 30 respondents. Survey method was utilized using the standardized Program Sustainability Assessment Tool adapted from the Washington University in St. Louis. Based from the results and findings of the study, generally, all the domains were leaning either in great and greater extent as verbally interpreted. From the conclusion, all the domains of the HIV programs of the respondents were sustainable. However, the study recommended to the DOH and all the HIV program implementers the developed and proposed narrative-type action plan. By that means, future researchers can assess again and see if the NCR achieved the vision of the Health Sector Plan for HIV and STI for the year 2015-2020 to have zero new infections, zero discrimination, and zero AIDS-related deaths
Stimulating urban transition and transformation to achieve sustainable and resilient cities
Political decision-makers need to consider the various challenges and opportunities that climate change can bring, and they must take decisions under high uncertainty to achieve resilient cities. Here, we synthesise the push and pull approaches reported in the literature and employed in practice to achieve sustainable and resilient cities.
First, we present a literature review which identified the major research fields on transition theories, frameworks and methods that underpin this concept. We analyse the conditions for change, identify enablers or triggers for change at governance level for transitioning a city towards sustainability and resilience. We discuss the theories, frameworks and methods which can be used to address the urban climate change challenge at city level.
Second, we present an empirical approach based on stakeholder participation that we conducted to detect the conditions for change. We report on the design and implementation of stakeholder exercises that helped us detecting the conditions for changes.
Third, we combine the information obtained from these stakeholder exercises with that extracted from the literature in order to provide a fuller picture on how stimulate the transition and transformation to achieve sustainable and resilient cities. Based on our literature review and empirical approach, we formulate an integrated conceptual model for transition that enables the design of adaptation (and mitigation) strategies that consider the triggers of change. Uniquely we identified 8 triggers of change, including authority and political leadership, learning from disasters, co-responsibility, increased public-private interface, social participation and the living lab approach to innovation. The proposed model can be applied to the whole city or to a certain sector of the city (e.g. energy). We demonstrate that triggers of change help to overcome planning and implementation barriers and move the socio-ecological and socio-technical systems of any city towards those of a resilient city.This work was supported
by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme: Grant
Agreement No. 308497, Project RAMSES âReconciling Adaptation,
Mitigation and Sustainable Development for Citiesâ, 2012â2017. In
addition, this study has received partial funding from the European
Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant
agreement no. 653522 (RESINâClimate Resilient Cities and
Infrastructures project)
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