1,719 research outputs found
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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF BICYCLE TREATMENTS ON BICYCLE SAFETY: A MULTI-METHODS APPROACH
Compared to other modes, bicyclists are disproportionally affected by crashes considering their low mode share. There is evidence that crashes between bicyclists and motorized vehicle take place at road segments and signalized intersections where bicycle treatments (e.g., bike lanes) are present, urging for in-dept analysis of the safety impact of the various bicycle treatment types. Additionally, it is important to identify sensor types that have the potential to advance field data collection and traffic monitoring in multi-modal road environments. In this dissertation, three approaches, namely crash analysis, traffic conflict analysis, and analysis of driver speeding and glancing behavior, were implemented to investigate the safety impact of bicycle treatments at the segment- and the intersection-levels on bicycle safety. Prediction models were developed to predict bicycle-motorized vehicle crashes at road segments and signalized intersections, and traffic conflicts between straight-going bicyclists and right-turning vehicles at signalized intersections. Driver speeding and glancing behavior was analysed for the segment and the intersection levels. A mode classification framework to classify trajectories recorded using a radar-based sensor was developed to test the feasibility of using radar-based sensors in field studies. The findings of this dissertation contribute to bicycle safety research in terms of quantifying the safety impact of various bicycle treatment types and how to assess and also, by showing how to assess bicycle safety. The findings of this research have the potential to stand as a valuable tool for transportation policymakers and officials in charge of establishing safe bicycle networks
Human Motion Trajectory Prediction: A Survey
With growing numbers of intelligent autonomous systems in human environments,
the ability of such systems to perceive, understand and anticipate human
behavior becomes increasingly important. Specifically, predicting future
positions of dynamic agents and planning considering such predictions are key
tasks for self-driving vehicles, service robots and advanced surveillance
systems. This paper provides a survey of human motion trajectory prediction. We
review, analyze and structure a large selection of work from different
communities and propose a taxonomy that categorizes existing methods based on
the motion modeling approach and level of contextual information used. We
provide an overview of the existing datasets and performance metrics. We
discuss limitations of the state of the art and outline directions for further
research.Comment: Submitted to the International Journal of Robotics Research (IJRR),
37 page
Mobility Design
Climate change and the scarcity of resources, but also the steadily increasing amount of traffic, make it indispensable to develop new solutions for environmentally friendly and people-friendly mobility. With the expansion of digital information systems, we will in future be able to easily combine different modes of transport according to our needs. These developments are a great challenge for the design of different mobility spaces. While the focus in Volume 1 was on practice, Volume 2 now brings together research from the fields of design, architecture, urban planning, geography, social science, transport planning, psychology and communication technology. The current discussion about the traffic turnaround is expanded to include the perspective of user-centred mobility design
Crowdsensing-driven route optimisation algorithms for smart urban mobility
Urban rörlighet anses ofta vara en av de frÀmsta möjliggörarna för en hÄllbar statsutveckling.
Idag skulle det dock krÀva ett betydande skifte mot renare och effektivare stadstransporter vilket skulle stödja ökad social och ekonomisk koncentration av resurser i stÀderna. En viktig prioritet för stÀder runt om i vÀrlden Àr att stödja medborgarnas rörlighet inom stadsmiljöer medan samtidigt minska trafikstockningar, olyckor och föroreningar. Att utveckla en effektivare och grönare (eller med ett ord; smartare) stadsrörlighet Àr en av de svÄraste problemen att bemöta för stora metropoler. I denna avhandling nÀrmar vi oss problemet frÄn det snabba utvecklingsperspektivet av ITlandskapet i stÀder vilket möjliggör byggandet av rörlighetslösningar utan stora stora investeringar eller sofistikerad sensortenkik.
I synnerhet föreslÄr vi utnyttjandet av den mobila rörlighetsavkÀnnings, eng. Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS), paradigmen i vilken befolkningen exploaterar sin mobilkommunikation och/eller mobilasensorer med syftet att frivilligt samla, distribuera, lokalt processera och analysera geospecifik information. RörlighetavkÀnningssdata (t.ex. hÀndelser, trafikintensitet, buller och luftföroreningar etc.) inhÀmtad frÄn frivilliga i befolkningen kan ge vÀrdefull information om aktuella rörelsesförhÄllanden i stad vilka, med adekvata databehandlingsalgoriter, kan anvÀndas för att planera mÀnniskors
rörelseflöden inom stadsmiljön.
SÄtillvida kombineras i denna avhandling tvÄ mycket lovande smarta rörlighetsmöjliggörare, eng. Smart Mobility Enablers, nÀmligen MCS och rese/ruttplanering.
Vi kan dÀrmed till viss utstrÀckning sammanföra forskningsutmaningar frÄn dessa tvÄ delar. Vi vÀljer att separera vÄra forskningsmÄl i tvÄ delar, dvs forskningssteg: (1) arkitektoniska utmaningar vid design av MCS-system och (2) algoritmiska utmaningar för tillÀmpningar av MCS-driven ruttplanering.
Vi Àmnar att visa en logisk forskningsprogression över tiden, med avstamp i mÀnskligt dirigerade rörelseavkÀnningssystem som MCS och ett avslut i automatiserade ruttoptimeringsalgoritmer
skrĂ€ddarsydda för specifika MCS-applikationer. Ăven om vi förlitar oss pĂ„ heuristiska lösningar och algoritmer för NP-svĂ„ra ruttproblem förlitar vi oss pĂ„ Ă€kta applikationer med syftet att visa pĂ„ fördelarna med algoritm- och infrastrukturförslagen.La movilidad urbana es considerada una de las principales desencadenantes de un desarrollo urbano sostenible. Sin embargo, hoy en dĂa se requiere una transiciĂłn hacia un transporte urbano mĂĄs limpio y mĂĄs eficiente que soporte una concentraciĂłn de recursos sociales y econĂłmicos cada vez mayor en las ciudades. Una de las principales prioridades para las ciudades de todo el mundo es facilitar la movilidad de los ciudadanos dentro de los entornos urbanos, al mismo tiempo que se reduce la congestiĂłn, los accidentes y la contaminaciĂłn. Sin embargo, desarrollar una movilidad urbana mĂĄs eficiente y mĂĄs verde (o en una palabra, mĂĄs inteligente) es uno de los temas mĂĄs difĂciles de afrontar para las grandes ĂĄreas metropolitanas. En esta tesis, abordamos este problema desde la perspectiva de un panorama TIC en rĂĄpida evoluciĂłn que nos permite construir movilidad sin la necesidad de grandes inversiones ni sofisticadas tecnologĂas de sensores. En particular, proponemos aprovechar el paradigma Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) en el que los ciudadanos utilizan sus telĂ©fonos mĂłviles y dispositivos, para nosotros recopilar, procesar y analizar localmente informaciĂłn georreferenciada, distribuida voluntariamente. Los datos de movilidad recopilados de ciudadanos que voluntariamente quieren compartirlos (por ejemplo, eventos, intensidad del trĂĄfico, ruido y contaminaciĂłn del aire, etc.) pueden proporcionar informaciĂłn valiosa sobre las condiciones de movilidad actuales en la ciudad, que con el algoritmo de procesamiento de datos adecuado, pueden utilizarse para enrutar y gestionar el flujo de gente en entornos urbanos. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis combinamos dos prometedoras fuentes de movilidad inteligente: MCS y la planificaciĂłn de viajes/rutas, uniendo en cierta medida los distintos desafĂos de investigaciĂłn. Hemos dividido nuestros objetivos de investigaciĂłn en dos etapas: (1) DesafĂos arquitectĂłnicos en el diseño de sistemas MCS y (2) DesafĂos algorĂtmicos en la planificaciĂłn de rutas aprovechando la informaciĂłn del MCS. Nuestro objetivo es demostrar una progresiĂłn lĂłgica de la investigaciĂłn a lo largo del tiempo, comenzando desde los fundamentos de los sistemas de detecciĂłn centrados en personas, como el MCS, hasta los algoritmos de optimizaciĂłn de rutas diseñados especĂficamente para la aplicaciĂłn de estos. Si bien nos centramos en algoritmos y heurĂsticas para resolver problemas de enrutamiento de clase NP-hard, utilizamos ejemplos de aplicaciones en el mundo real para mostrar las ventajas de los algoritmos e infraestructuras propuestas
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Immersion and interaction: Creating virtual 3d worlds for stage performances
This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis formulates an approach towards the creation of a gesture activated and body movement controlled real time virtual 3d world in a dance performance context. It investigates immersion and navigation techniques derived from modern video games and methodologies and proposes how they can be used to further involve a performer into a virtual space as well as simultaneously offer a stimulating visual spectacle for an audience. The argument presented develops through practice-based methodology and artistic production strategies in interdisciplinary and collaborative contexts.
Two choreographic performance/installations are used as cases studies to demonstrate in practice the proposed methodologies. First, the interactive dance work Suna No Onna, created in collaboration with Birringer/Danjoux and the Dap Lab, investigates the use of interactive pre-rendered animations in a real time setting and in real time by incorporating wearable sensors in the performance. Secondly, the potentials offered by the sensor technology and real time rendering engines led to the âcreation scene", a key scene in the choreographic installation UKIYO (Moveable Worlds).
This thesis investigates the design, creation and interaction qualities of virtual 3d spaces by exploring the potentialities offered by a shared space, between an intelligent space and a dancer in a hybrid world. The methodology applied uses as a theoretical base the phenomenological approach of Merleau-Ponty and Mark Hansenâs mixed reality paradigm proposing the concept of the âspace schema", a system which replicates and embeds proprioception, perception and motility into the space fabric offering a world which âlivesâ, functions and interacts with the performer.
The outcome of the research is the generation of an interactive, non-linear, randomized 3d virtual space that collaborates with a technologically embedded performer in creating a 3d world which evolves and transforms, driven by the performerâs intention and agency. This research contributes to the field of interactive performance art by making transparent the methodology, the instruments and the code used, in a non-technical terminology, making it accessible for both team members with less technological expertise as well as artists aspiring to engage interactive 3d media promoting further experimentation and conceptual discussions
The White Bicycle: Performance, Installation Art, and Activism in Ghost Bike Memorials
In this project I examine the performative nature of the ghost bike memorial. Ghost bikes, flat-white painted immobile bicycles created by cycling communities and loved ones of victims, are installed roadside to mark the locations of cycling related deaths. Using critical performance ethnography and critical-cultural analysis as methods, I analyze how the ghost bike performs as an artifact of mourning and inspires co-incident performances of grief, activism, and community building and maintenance. As a memorial object used worldwide to represent cycling culture, the ghost bike acts as a social network link that connects a multitude of diverse cycling communities. I present five case studies of ghost bikes in New York City, Durham, North Carolina, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, and Lafayette, Louisiana in order to dissect what the polysemic ghost bike communicates to public audiences. My analysis led to the discovery that ghost bikes are not only used as memorials. They also perform as metonyms for the absent, ruined bodies of cyclists; as markers of racial identity for victims; and as tools to reframe the narratives told about cycling-related deaths. I describe how the differing interpretations of the memorial are adapted to create and alter performances of identity, and I argue for the potential for these performances to influence perceptions about cycling safety, cycling-based legislation, and road infrastructure
Urban Street Networks and Sustainable Transportation
Urban street space is challenged with a variety of emerging usages and users, such as various vehicles with different speeds, passenger pick-up and drop-off by mobility services, increasing parking demand for a variety of private and shared vehicles, new powertrains (e.g., charging units), and new vehicles and services fueled by digitalization and vehicle automation. These new usages compete with established functions of streets such as providing space for mobility, social interactions, and cultural and recreational activities. The combination of these functions makes streets focal points of communities that do not only fulfill a functional role but also provide identity to cities. Streets are prominent parts of cities and are essential to sustainable transport plans. The main aim of the Street Networks and Sustainable Transportation collection is to focus on urban street networks and their effects on sustainable transportation. Accordingly, various street elements related to mobility, public transport, parking, design, and movement of people and goods at the street level can be included
Proceedings of the EAA Spatial Audio Signal Processing symposium: SASP 2019
International audienc
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