Model Penjadwalan Keberangkatan Bus dengan Strategi Alternating Deadheading: Studi Kasus di Po Raya

Penjadwalan keberangkatan bus merupakan salah satu hal yang penting dalam pengelolaan Perusahaan otobus untuk menekan biaya operasional. Masalah penjadwalan ini diformulasikan sebagai suatu model linear integer programming. Model ini bertujuan untuk mengatur banyaknya bus yang akan diberangkatkan dari masing-masing kota untuk memenuhi permintaan transportasi. Strategi yang digunakan untuk mengatur penjadwalan bus yaitu strategi deadheading. Strategi deadheading merupakan strategi penjadwalan bus yang dilakukan apabila terjadi ketidakseimbangan akan banyaknya penumpang di suatu kota dan adanya keterbatasan bus yang beroperasi. Model penjadwalan dengan deadheading ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan frekuensi keberangkatan bus sehingga dapat meningkatkan efisiensi biaya operasional

Vehicle Scheduling Optimization considering the Passenger Waiting Cost

In the operational planning process of public transport, the time a passenger spends on waiting is a very critical element for judging passenger service. Schedule synchronization is a useful strategy for reducing bus waiting time and improving service connectivity. This paper develops an extended vehicle scheduling model, taking into account the interests of passengers and operators in attaining optimization of timetable synchronization integrated with vehicle scheduling and considering the passenger waiting cost. Deficit functions at terminals are formulated. Deadheading (DH), shifting departure time (SDT), and network flow technique are used for vehicle scheduling with the consideration of passenger waiting times. An experimental study in Beijing is conducted and three important bus lines are selected as a regional bus network to demonstrate the methodology developed. Results show that both the fleet size of bus operators and the waiting cost of passengers are minimized. For example, the minimum fleet size can be reduced from 28 vehicles to 24 ones while the passenger times are less than 20 minutes in this multidepot network. Document type: Articl

No-boarding buses: Synchronisation for efficiency

We investigate a no-boarding policy in a system of $N$ buses serving $M$ bus stops in a loop, which is an entrainment mechanism to keep buses synchronised in a reasonably staggered configuration. Buses always allow alighting, but would disallow boarding if certain criteria are met. For an analytically tractable theory, buses move with the same natural speed (applicable to programmable self-driving buses), where the average waiting time experienced by passengers waiting at the bus stop for a bus to arrive can be calculated. The analytical results show that a no-boarding policy can dramatically reduce the average waiting time, as compared to the usual situation without the no-boarding policy. Subsequently, we carry out simulations to verify these theoretical analyses, also extending the simulations to typical human-driven buses with different natural speeds based on real data. Finally, a simple general adaptive algorithm is implemented to dynamically determine when to implement no-boarding in a simulation for a real university shuttle bus service.Comment: 49 pages, 9 figures. Video available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBNqvTr1Aj

Design of Integrated Limited-Stop and Short-Turn Services for a Bus Route

As a major choice for daily travel, public transit plays an important role in transporting passengers, thus relieving congestion on urban transit routes. In high-demand bus networks, urban transit demand presents imbalance of use of urban bus corridors. The demand patterns in both directions are asymmetric. In this paper, we develop a model which calculates the network and transportation costs in terms of wait time, in-vehicle travel time, and operator costs. We propose an integrated strategy, with an integrated limited-stop and short-turn line, by adjusting a variety of frequencies to meet the unbalanced and asymmetric demand. To minimize these costs, a model with a genetic algorithm can determine frequencies and the proper stations which can be skipped, as well as where turning back can occur, given an origin-destination trip matrix. Numerical examples are optimized to test the availability of an integrated service by minimizing the objective function, and the results are analyzed. Our results show that integrated service patterns can be adjusted to meet the demand under different conditions. In addition, the optimized schemes of an integrated service and the frequencies derived from the model can significantly reduce total cost

Public Transport Timetables and Vehicle Scheduling with Balanced Passenger Loads

This work attempts to combine the creation of public transport timetables and vehicle scheduling so as to improve the correspondence of vehicle departure times with passenger demand while minimising the resources (the fleet size required). The methods presented for handling the two components simultaneously can be applied for both single and interlining transit routes, and can be carried out in an automated manner. With the growing problems of transit reliability, and advance in the technology of passenger information systems, the importance of even and clock headways is reduced. This allows for the possibility to create more efficient schedules from both the passenger and operator perspectives. The methodology framework contains a developed algorithm for the derivation of vehicle departure times (timetable) with even average loads and smoothing consideration in the transition between time periods. It is done while ensuring that the derived timetables will be carried out by the minimum number of vehicles. The procedures presented are accompanied by examples and clear graphical explanations. It is emphasised that the public timetable is one of the predominant bridges between the operator (and community) and the passengers

Minimizing the number of vehicles to meet a fixed periodic schedule : an application of periodic posets

Includes bibliographical references (leaf 25).Supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office. DAAG29-80-C-0061by James B. Orlin

Real time dispatching control in transit systems

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 131).Maintenance of reliable service is a goal of any rail transit agency. Reliability is difficult to maintain due to the perturbations that serve to disrupt headway sequences. These incidents that affect the service quality of transportation agencies can be categorized into two types, major disruptions and minor disturbances, based on their nature and causes. To maximize the capacity of a rail transit line and avoid busing, single track operation is analyzed in this thesis to deal with major disruptions. Based on the tracks and crossover configuration of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Red Line, a full analysis of possible strategies is presented which might form the basis for a major disruption response system. This could take the form of pre-planned short term operation plans which would be geared to the type, location and time of day of the disruption. The dispatching problem occurs around a terminal when a train is not expected to arrive at the terminal early enough to be dispatched on its next trip on schedule. This problem can be considered as a special case of minor disturbance. Its solution can also supply insight into the more general minor disturbance problem. We use holding and short turning as our control strategies to deal with the dispatching problem. Choosing minimizing passenger waiting time or the number of overcrowded trains as the objective, a heuristic dispatching control model is designed and evaluation and simulation models are used to estimate and compare the effectiveness of the current dispatching system and the heuristic dispatching control model. The results show that the heuristic dispatching control model could produce savings in average passenger waiting time of up to 14%, with the effectiveness increasing as the disruption becomes more severe. As part of this research, a dwell time model is estimated for Red Line trains in order to predict the running time of a train to help select the appropriate control strategy.by Wei Song.S.M