Brain Injury

The present two volume book "Brain Injury" is distinctive in its presentation and includes a wealth of updated information on many aspects in the field of brain injury. The Book is devoted to the pathogenesis of brain injury, concepts in cerebral blood flow and metabolism, investigative approaches and monitoring of brain injured, different protective mechanisms and recovery and management approach to these individuals, functional and endocrine aspects of brain injuries, approaches to rehabilitation of brain injured and preventive aspects of traumatic brain injuries. The collective contribution from experts in brain injury research area would be successfully conveyed to the readers and readers will find this book to be a valuable guide to further develop their understanding about brain injury

A Study on Sagana Vatham (சகன வாதம்)

AIM AND OBJECTIVES The clinical study of “Saganavatham” compared with “Cervical Spondylosis” in modern medicine was done in 20 selected cases of both sexes and treated in the In Patient ward of the Post Graduate Department of Sirappu Maruthuvam at Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. Aim and Objective are Follows: 1. To have a clinical trial in Sagana Vatham affected individuals with selected siddha drugs viz, Aayilpattai Chooranam (Internal Medicine) kalappai Kizhangu Oil (External Application). 2. To make a detailed study of various literatures dealing with definition, aetiology, classification, signs and symptoms, prognosis, diet and treatment for “Saganavatham”. 3. To expose the greatness and efficiency of siddhar’s diagnostic principles. 4. To have an idea of the incidence of this disease with age, sex, occupation, social – economic status, diet and Paruvakalam. 5. To have clinical trail with specific medicine.\ud 6. To know the extent to which the correlation of aetiology, classification, signs and symptoms of saganavatham with that of modern medicine. 7. To study Bio chemical analysis and pharmacological actions of the medicine treated on this disease. 8. To utilize the possible diagnostic tools in confirming the diagnosis by clinical investigations. SUMMARY: Twenty cases with Saganavatham were diagnosed clinically based on Yugi 800 and admitted in the inpatient ward of post graduate department of Sirappu Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College Hospital, Palayamkottai and treated by the trial medicine. • Laboratory diagnosis of saganavatham was done by modern methods of investigations. • The various siddha aspects of examination of the disease were carried out and were recorded in the proforma. • The trial medicine choosed for both internal and external treatment were Aayilpattai Choornam – 1 gm tds with luke warm water for fifteen days as per the severity of the disease, Kalappai Kizhangu Oil (External). • Before starting the treatment careful detailed history was carried out and recorded for the twenty selected cases. • During the period of treatment all the patients were put under pathiyam (A specific dietary regimen). • A periodical laboratory investigation was made for all the cases along with the radiological investigations. • The observations made during the clinical study shows that the main internal drug Aayil Pattai Choornam is clinically effective. • The action of external applicant in Kalappai Kizhangu Oil is also quite remarkable. CONCLUSION: All Twenty patients were treated for this dissertation work with Aayil Pattai Chooranam 1 gm tds with luke warm water and Kalappai Kizhangu Oil (Externally) The Result was observed as: Improvement Effect - 45%, Clinical Cure - 25%, Marked Effect - 30%. This result of the clinical trial illustrates the fruitful effect of the drugs. Hence these drugs and methodology of the treatment will become one of the milestone in treating Saganavatha Patients in Future

Smoking and Second Hand Smoking in Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Cohort Study

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking and second hand smoking [SHS] in adolescents with CKD and their relationship to baseline parameters at enrollment in the CKiD, observational cohort study of 600 children (aged 1-16 yrs) with Schwartz estimated GFR of 30-90 ml/min/1.73m2. 239 adolescents had self-report survey data on smoking and SHS exposure: 21 [9%] subjects had “ever” smoked a cigarette. Among them, 4 were current and 17 were former smokers. Hypertension was more prevalent in those that had “ever” smoked a cigarette (42%) compared to non-smokers (9%), p\u3c0.01. Among 218 non-smokers, 130 (59%) were male, 142 (65%) were Caucasian; 60 (28%) reported SHS exposure compared to 158 (72%) with no exposure. Non-smoker adolescents with SHS exposure were compared to those without SHS exposure. There was no racial, age, or gender differences between both groups. Baseline creatinine, diastolic hypertension, C reactive protein, lipid profile, GFR and hemoglobin were not statistically different. Significantly higher protein to creatinine ratio (0.90 vs. 0.53, p\u3c0.01) was observed in those exposed to SHS compared to those not exposed. Exposed adolescents were heavier than non-exposed adolescents (85th percentile vs. 55th percentile for BMI, p\u3c 0.01). Uncontrolled casual systolic hypertension was twice as prevalent among those exposed to SHS (16%) compared to those not exposed to SHS (7%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.07). Adjusted multivariate regression analysis [OR (95% CI)] showed that increased protein to creatinine ratio [1.34 (1.03, 1.75)] and higher BMI [1.14 (1.02, 1.29)] were independently associated with exposure to SHS among non-smoker adolescents. These results reveal that among adolescents with CKD, cigarette use is low and SHS is highly prevalent. The association of smoking with hypertension and SHS with increased proteinuria suggests a possible role of these factors in CKD progression and cardiovascular outcomes

A Holmes and Doyle Bibliography, Volume 5: Periodical Articles--Secondary References, Alphabetical Listing

This bibliography is a work in progress. It attempts to update Ronald B. De Waal’s comprehensive bibliography, The Universal Sherlock Holmes, but does not claim to be exhaustive in content. New works are continually discovered and added to this bibliography. Readers and researchers are invited to suggest additional content. Volume 5 includes "passing" or "secondary" references, i.e. those entries that are passing in nature or contain very brief information or content