The use of the harmony search method in chemical kinetics problems: a literature review

This paper considers and reviews the publications about the Harmony search algorithm and applications of the Harmony Search algorithm. It approaches to achieve perfect results in a huge number of optimization problems. The paper analyses the literature on the application of Harmony Search algorithm to supply the future research directions. That Harmony search algorithm will be used to calculate the reaction kinetic parameters.The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-37-60014

Meta-heuristic algorithms in car engine design: a literature survey

Meta-heuristic algorithms are often inspired by natural phenomena, including the evolution of species in Darwinian natural selection theory, ant behaviors in biology, flock behaviors of some birds, and annealing in metallurgy. Due to their great potential in solving difficult optimization problems, meta-heuristic algorithms have found their way into automobile engine design. There are different optimization problems arising in different areas of car engine management including calibration, control system, fault diagnosis, and modeling. In this paper we review the state-of-the-art applications of different meta-heuristic algorithms in engine management systems. The review covers a wide range of research, including the application of meta-heuristic algorithms in engine calibration, optimizing engine control systems, engine fault diagnosis, and optimizing different parts of engines and modeling. The meta-heuristic algorithms reviewed in this paper include evolutionary algorithms, evolution strategy, evolutionary programming, genetic programming, differential evolution, estimation of distribution algorithm, ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization, memetic algorithms, and artificial immune system

Gravitational Search and Harmony Search Algorithms for Solving the Chemical Kinetics Optimization Problems

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the global optimization algorithms application to the solution of inverse problems of chemical kinetics. Two heuristic algorithms are considered - the gravitational search algorithm and the harmony algorithm. The article describes the algorithms, as well as the application of these algorithms to the optimization of test functions. After that, these algorithms are used to search for the kinetic parameters of two chemical processes – propane pre-reforming on Ni-catalyst and catalytic isomerization of pentane-hexane fraction. For the first process both algorithms showed approximately the same solution, while for the second problem the gravitational search algorithm showed a smaller value of the minimizing function. Wherefore, it is concluded that on large-scale problems it is better to use the gravitational search algorithm rather than the harmony algorithm, while obtaining a smaller value of the minimizing function in a minimum time. On low-scale problems both algorithms showed approximately the same result, while demonstrating the coincidence of the calculated data with the experimental ones

Data-driven Soft Sensors in the Process Industry

In the last two decades Soft Sensors established themselves as a valuable alternative to the traditional means for the acquisition of critical process variables, process monitoring and other tasks which are related to process control. This paper discusses characteristics of the process industry data which are critical for the development of data-driven Soft Sensors. These characteristics are common to a large number of process industry fields, like the chemical industry, bioprocess industry, steel industry, etc. The focus of this work is put on the data-driven Soft Sensors because of their growing popularity, already demonstrated usefulness and huge, though yet not completely realised, potential. A comprehensive selection of case studies covering the three most important Soft Sensor application fields, a general introduction to the most popular Soft Sensor modelling techniques as well as a discussion of some open issues in the Soft Sensor development and maintenance and their possible solutions are the main contributions of this work

Simulated Annealing

The book contains 15 chapters presenting recent contributions of top researchers working with Simulated Annealing (SA). Although it represents a small sample of the research activity on SA, the book will certainly serve as a valuable tool for researchers interested in getting involved in this multidisciplinary field. In fact, one of the salient features is that the book is highly multidisciplinary in terms of application areas since it assembles experts from the fields of Biology, Telecommunications, Geology, Electronics and Medicine

Theoretical Optimization of Enzymatic Biomass Processes

This dissertation introduces a complete, stochastically-based algorithmic framework Cellulect to study, optimize and predict hydrolysis processes of the structured biomass cellulose. The framework combines a comprehensive geometric model for the cellulosic substrate with microstructured crystalline/amorphous regions distribution, distinctive monomers, polymer chain lengths distribution and free surface area tracking. An efficient tracking algorithm, formulated in a serial fashion, performs the updates of the system. The updates take place reaction-wise. The notion of real time is preserved. Advanced types of enzyme actions (random cuts, reduced/non-reduced end cuts, orientation, and the possibility of a fixed position of active centers) and their modular structure (carbohydrate-binding module with a flexible linker and a catalytic domain) are taken into account within the framework. The concept of state machines is adopted to model enzyme entities. This provides a reliable, powerful and maintainable approach for modelling already known enzyme features and can be extended with additional features not taken into account in the present work. The provided extensive probabilistic catalytic mechanism description further includes adsorption, desorption, competitive inhibition by soluble product polymers, and dynamical bond-breaking reactions with inclusive dependence on monomers and their polymers states within the substrate. All incorporated parameters refer to specific system properties, providing a one to one relationship between degrees of freedom and available features of the model. Finally, time propagation of the system is based on the modified stochastic Gillespie algorithm. It provides an exact stochastic time-reaction propagation algorithm, taking into account the random nature of reaction events as well as its random occurrences. The framework is ready for constrained input parameter estimation with empirical data sets of product concentration profiles by utilizing common optimization routines. Verification of the available data for the most common enzyme kinds (EG, β-G, CBH) in the literature has been accomplished. Sensitivity analysis of estimated model parameters were carried out. Dependency of various experimental input is shown. Optimization behavior in underdetermined conditions is inspected and visualized. Results and predictions for mixtures of optimized enzymes, as well as a practical way to implement and utilize the Cellulect framework are also provided. The obtained results were compared to experimental literature data demonstrate the high flexibility, efficiency and accuracy of the presented framework for the prediction of the cellulose hydrolysis process

Application of CASA technology and multivariate analysis to optimize the semen evaluation in domestic and wild animal species

Los sistemas CASA permiten el análisis de un gran número de células en muy poco tiempo, además de proporcionar una batería considerable de datos cuantitativos sobre cinética o morfometría de espermatozoides, lo que permite optimizar la cantidad y la confiabilidad de las dosis seminales producidas. Centrándose en la tecnología CASA, para obtener datos cuantitativos confiables, es necesario definir protocolos óptimos para la evaluación de cada parámetro seminal que garantice la consistencia y universalidad de la aplicación de los resultados. Sin embargo, hemos encontrado que este tipo de trabajo de estandarización de los protocolos aún no se ha llevado a cabo de manera integradora, lo que constituye el objetivo general de la presente tesis doctoral. En el primer trabajo (capítulo IV), el enfoque estadístico "clásico", basado en el análisis de varianza, el análisis de componentes principales (PC) mostró que las variables se agruparon en PC1, en relación con el tamaño y la PC2 con la forma. El análisis de la estructura de la subpoblación mostró cuatro grupos, a saber, grandes, pequeños, cortos y estrechos respecto de sus características. El segundo trabajo (capítulo V) mostró que la velocidad de fotogramas (FR) afectaba a todos los parámetros cinemáticos, siendo la velocidad curvilínea (VCL) la más sensible. Para estudios futuros basados únicamente en la motilidad progresiva, se deben usar 100 Hz durante 0,5 s, mientras que cuando se debe considerar la cinemática, se deben analizar a 212 Hz durante un segundo. En el tercer trabajo (capítulo VI), la motilidad total y progresiva no se vio afectada por el tiempo de captura. El tiempo de captura tuvo un efecto significativo en los valores de velocidad e índices (P 0.05) por el efecto animal. El análisis de componentes principales (PC) mostró que las variables se agruparon en cuatro componentes: PC1, relacionada con la progresividad, PC2 a la velocidad, PC3 a la oscilación y PC4 al tamaño de la cabeza del esperma. Las distribuciones de cada subpoblación de espermatozoides variaron entre los animales que potencialmente representan una relación con la capacidad de fertilización. Este estudio representa el primer trabajo en análisis CASA en espermatozoides de Caimán

Reproductive patterns in king eiders

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2009Mammalian predation, avian predation, female body condition and food availability on the breeding ground are likely the main factors influencing nesting success in tundra-nesting waterfowl. These driving factors are mediated by the primary life history characteristics; incubation behavior, female body size, nesting associations, and nest site selection. I created a conceptual model illustrating how these factors are interrelated and how they impact nest success through a variety of pathways to better understand the evolution of a species' nesting strategy and patterns observed in the field. The importance of the driving factors likely varies between sites and with the species nesting strategy. Given the conceptual model, I predicted the difference in life history characteristics and nesting success at two sites that vary in any of the four driving factors. I tested the model and associated predictions using King Eider females (Somateria spectabilis) breeding on Alaska's coastal plain by comparing selective forces influencing nesting strategies at two sites, Teshekpuk and Kuparuk, between 2002 and 2006. King Eiders fit the model with some modifications to the mediating pathways. Site differences were found in many of the reproductive parameters which matched the prediction of more available forage at Kuparuk than at Teshekpuk. No differences in either avian or mammalian predation pressure were evident between sites. Eiders at Kuparuk had higher nest survival and incubation constancy than at Teshekpuk. Body mass and nest selection were similar between sites. Although questions concerning the nesting strategies of King Eider remain, I feel that this was a valid approach to identifying selective forces impacting nesting strategies and applicable to tundra nesting waterfowl in general.1. Introduction -- 2. Incubation behavior of King Eiders on the coastal plain of Northern Alaska -- 3. Characterizing the nutritional strategy of incubating king eiders Somateria spectabilis in Northern Alaska -- 4. Factors influencing nesting success of king eiders on Northern Alaska's coastal plain -- 5. Effects of concealment, seclusion, and nesting associations on nest site selection by King Eiders -- 6. Estimating nest site fidelity in king eiders using microsatellite genotyping; what worked, what didn't and why -- 7. Conclusions

Mitochondrial metabolic suppression and reactive oxygen species production during hypometabolism in mammals

During hibernation, daily torpor, and fasting, mammals reduce metabolic rate (MR) up to 99%, 95%, and 30%, respectively, compared to resting levels. Mitochondrial metabolic suppression likely contributes to this MR reduction, and the first objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of active, regulated inhibition and passive thermal effects as body temperature (Tb) falls, to mitochondrial metabolic suppression, and to examine the mechanisms involved using top-down elasticity analysis and novel statistical approach. The second objective of this study was to determine how mitochondrial metabolic suppression affects mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a topic which has been largely ignored previously. To accomplish these objectives, I measured in vitro respiration and ROS production rates of mitochondria from liver, skeletal muscle, and/or heart during hibernation in thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), spontaneous daily torpor and fasting in dwarf Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), and fasting-induced daily torpor and fasting in laboratory mice (Mus musculus) over a range of physiologically-relevant temperatures. In liver, state 3 respiration measured at 37°C was 70%, 35%, and 31% lower during hibernation, daily torpor, and fasting, respectively, resulting largely from substrate oxidation inhibition at complex I and/or II. In skeletal muscle, state 3 respiration measured at 37°C was reduced up to 32% during hibernation. By contrast, in heart, state 3 respiration measured at 37°C was 2-fold higher during daily torpor in hamsters. Therefore, active, regulated mitochondrial metabolic suppression in several tissues characterizes mammalian hypometabolism, accounting for up to 16% of the MR reduction observed. In all tissues, mitochondrial respiration declined with in vitro assay temperature, and differences among metabolic states were not observed at low temperatures (10-15°C), suggesting that passive thermal effects also play an important role, particularly during steady-state torpor when body temperature is low. In liver and heart (but not skeletal muscle), basal ROS production and/or free radical leak (FRL; proportion of electron flux leading to ROS production) was generally higher during hypometabolism when measured at 37°C, particularly at complex III. However, in all tissues, ROS production and FRL typically declined with temperature, suggesting that, while mitochondrial metabolic suppression may increase the potential for mitochondrial ROS production, perhaps leading to oxidative stress during fasting, low Tb during torpor may, in fact, alleviate the accumulation of oxidative damage

Engineering derivatives from biological systems for advanced aerospace applications

The present study consisted of a literature survey, a survey of researchers, and a workshop on bionics. These tasks produced an extensive annotated bibliography of bionics research (282 citations), a directory of bionics researchers, and a workshop report on specific bionics research topics applicable to space technology. These deliverables are included as Appendix A, Appendix B, and Section 5.0, respectively. To provide organization to this highly interdisciplinary field and to serve as a guide for interested researchers, we have also prepared a taxonomy or classification of the various subelements of natural engineering systems. Finally, we have synthesized the results of the various components of this study into a discussion of the most promising opportunities for accelerated research, seeking solutions which apply engineering principles from natural systems to advanced aerospace problems. A discussion of opportunities within the areas of materials, structures, sensors, information processing, robotics, autonomous systems, life support systems, and aeronautics is given. Following the conclusions are six discipline summaries that highlight the potential benefits of research in these areas for NASA's space technology programs