1,976 research outputs found
Allocating Limited Resources to Protect a Massive Number of Targets using a Game Theoretic Model
Resource allocation is the process of optimizing the rare resources. In the
area of security, how to allocate limited resources to protect a massive number
of targets is especially challenging. This paper addresses this resource
allocation issue by constructing a game theoretic model. A defender and an
attacker are players and the interaction is formulated as a trade-off between
protecting targets and consuming resources. The action cost which is a
necessary role of consuming resource, is considered in the proposed model.
Additionally, a bounded rational behavior model (Quantal Response, QR), which
simulates a human attacker of the adversarial nature, is introduced to improve
the proposed model. To validate the proposed model, we compare the different
utility functions and resource allocation strategies. The comparison results
suggest that the proposed resource allocation strategy performs better than
others in the perspective of utility and resource effectiveness.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 41 reference
Designing the Game to Play: Optimizing Payoff Structure in Security Games
Effective game-theoretic modeling of defender-attacker behavior is becoming
increasingly important. In many domains, the defender functions not only as a
player but also the designer of the game's payoff structure. We study
Stackelberg Security Games where the defender, in addition to allocating
defensive resources to protect targets from the attacker, can strategically
manipulate the attacker's payoff under budget constraints in weighted L^p-norm
form regarding the amount of change. Focusing on problems with weighted
L^1-norm form constraint, we present (i) a mixed integer linear program-based
algorithm with approximation guarantee; (ii) a branch-and-bound based algorithm
with improved efficiency achieved by effective pruning; (iii) a polynomial time
approximation scheme for a special but practical class of problems. In
addition, we show that problems under budget constraints in L^0-norm form and
weighted L^\infty-norm form can be solved in polynomial time. We provide an
extensive experimental evaluation of our proposed algorithms
Towards a science of security games
Abstract. Security is a critical concern around the world. In many domains from counter-terrorism to sustainability, limited security resources prevent complete security coverage at all times. Instead, these limited resources must be scheduled (or allocated or deployed), while simultaneously taking into account the impor-tance of different targets, the responses of the adversaries to the security posture, and the potential uncertainties in adversary payoffs and observations, etc. Com-putational game theory can help generate such security schedules. Indeed, casting the problem as a Stackelberg game, we have developed new algorithms that are now deployed over multiple years in multiple applications for scheduling of secu-rity resources. These applications are leading to real-world use-inspired research in the emerging research area of “security games”. The research challenges posed by these applications include scaling up security games to real-world sized prob-lems, handling multiple types of uncertainty, and dealing with bounded rationality of human adversaries.
On the Inducibility of Stackelberg Equilibrium for Security Games
Strong Stackelberg equilibrium (SSE) is the standard solution concept of
Stackelberg security games. As opposed to the weak Stackelberg equilibrium
(WSE), the SSE assumes that the follower breaks ties in favor of the leader and
this is widely acknowledged and justified by the assertion that the defender
can often induce the attacker to choose a preferred action by making an
infinitesimal adjustment to her strategy. Unfortunately, in security games with
resource assignment constraints, the assertion might not be valid; it is
possible that the defender cannot induce the desired outcome. As a result, many
results claimed in the literature may be overly optimistic. To remedy, we first
formally define the utility guarantee of a defender strategy and provide
examples to show that the utility of SSE can be higher than its utility
guarantee. Second, inspired by the analysis of leader's payoff by Von Stengel
and Zamir (2004), we provide the solution concept called the inducible
Stackelberg equilibrium (ISE), which owns the highest utility guarantee and
always exists. Third, we show the conditions when ISE coincides with SSE and
the fact that in general case, SSE can be extremely worse with respect to
utility guarantee. Moreover, introducing the ISE does not invalidate existing
algorithmic results as the problem of computing an ISE polynomially reduces to
that of computing an SSE. We also provide an algorithmic implementation for
computing ISE, with which our experiments unveil the empirical advantage of the
ISE over the SSE.Comment: The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligenc
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