Graphene and molybdenum disulfide hybrids: Synthesis and applications

Graphene and related inorganic two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are an exceptional class of compounds with exotic properties that are technologically intriguing. While graphene itself is chemically inert and a gapless semimetal, its isostructural analog, molybdenum disulfide (MOS2) is chemically versatile with band gaps, thereby finding significant use in a myriad of applications. Although these 2D nanomaterials individually possess tremendous authority for various applications, the combination of these materials in the recent past has created a new paradigm in emerging applications. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art and progress over the past three years on the development of hybrids of these layered materials. We highlight their pivotal role in electrochemical energy storage, sensing, hydrogen generation by photochemical water splitting and electronic device applications such as field-effect transistors. Perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the exploration of these 2D layered hybrid materials are put forwardopen1

Review on Structure, Properties and Appliance of Essential Conjugated Polymers

One of the important classes of polymers is conductive polymers. These polymers mainly comprise of aromatic and aliphatic backbone. Polyaniline is one of most important type of conjugated polymers due to its excellent conductivity and other essential physical properties. Consequently, main focus of this review is structure, properties and application of technically important conjugated polymer. The conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyacetylene and pol(p-phenylene) have been discussed. Conductive polymer offers significant conductivity values similar to that of metal and semiconductors. Finally, the uses of polymers in different technical fields such as sensors, rechargeable batteries, photovoltaics, and fuel cells have been conversed

Roadmap on semiconductor-cell biointerfaces.

This roadmap outlines the role semiconductor-based materials play in understanding the complex biophysical dynamics at multiple length scales, as well as the design and implementation of next-generation electronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical devices for biointerfaces. The roadmap emphasizes the advantages of semiconductor building blocks in interfacing, monitoring, and manipulating the activity of biological components, and discusses the possibility of using active semiconductor-cell interfaces for discovering new signaling processes in the biological world

Performance of Polyaniline Doped Carbon Nanotube Composite

        Polyaniline (PANI) doped carbon nanotube (CNT) has been utilized to form conductive thermoplastic composites. The polyaniline/carbon nanotube (PANI/CNT) nanocomposites have been formulated using different methods such as electrochemical deposition, in-situ chemical polymerization, and number of other approaches. The structure and properties of these nanocomposites have been explored using range of structural and morphological techniques. In this article, mainly developments in PANI/CNT nanocomposites have been reviewed. The performance assessment of PANI/CNT nanocomposites has revealed various technical uses in electrode, electronic devices, batteries, and corrosion protection

Graphene against Other Two‐Dimensional Materials: A Comparative Study on the Basis of Electronic Applications

The evolution of the electronics industry since almost 75 years ago has depended on the novel materials and devices that continuously are introduced. In first decades of this century, 2D materials are impelling this development through materials such as graphene, graphane, graphone, graphyne, graphdiyne, silicene, silicane, germanene, germanane, stanene, phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, borophene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and MXenes. In this work, the main strategies to modify electrical properties of 2D materials are studied for obtaining dielectric, semiconducting, or semimetallic properties. The effects of doping, chemical modification, electrical field, or compressive and/or tensile strains are considered. In addition, the light‐matter interaction to develop optoelectronic applications is analyzed. In next three decades, a lot of scientific research will be realized to completely exploit the use of 2D materials either as single monolayers or as stacked multilayers in several fields of knowledge with a special emphasis on the benefit to the electronic industry and ultimately our society

State-of-the-Art Electronic Devices Based on Graphene

Graphene can be considered as the material used for electronic devices of this century, due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, which have been studied and implemented from a theoretical basis and have allowed the development of unique and innovative applications. The need for an ongoing study of the state-of-the-art electronic devices is ultimately useful for the progress achieved so far and future project applications. To date, graphene has been used individually in composite, hybrid materials or functional materials. In this chapter, an overview of their applications in nanoelectronics, particularly with an emphasis directed to flexible electronics, is presented. The description of the advantages and properties of graphene at a level of materials science and engineering is presented, in order to spread its enormous potential. In addition, the future prospects of these applications arising from the developments made currently in the laboratory phase are examined

Fabrication of nanoelectronic devices for applications in flexible and wearable electronics

Conventional electronic devices fabricated on rigid crystalline semiconductors wafers have evolved with the motivation to miniaturize thereby realizing faster, smaller and densely integrated devices. A parallel research that is rapidly evolving for future electronics is to integrate the property of flexibility and stretchablity to develop human friendly devices. There have been number of reports on fabricating sensors and electronic devices on stretchable, bendable and soft materials like polyimide, polyurethane sponge, natural rubber, cellulose paper, tissue paper etc. using various nanomaterials such as 2D materials, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials and metal nanowires. These nanomaterials possess excellent electronic, thermal, mechanical and optical properties making them suitable for fabrication of broadband photodetectors, temperature, pressure and strain sensors which find applications in the field of optoelectronics, sensors, medical, security and surveillance. While most reports on photodetectors focus on improving the responsivity in one region of electromagnetic spectrum by fabricating materials hybrids, the main issue still remains unaddressed which is the inability to absorb wide range of electromagnetic spectrum. Most photodetectors comprise of p-n heterojunction, where one of the material is responsible for absorbance, having metal contacts on p and n type allows for effective separation of photogenerated carriers. But for a broadband photodetector, both the materials of the heterojunction should participate in the absorbance. In such a case, metal contacts on p and n type will trap either the photogenerated electrons or hole which leads to the failure of the device. The first part of the thesis focus on the development of flexible broadband photodetectors based on MoS2 hybrid. Next chapter of the thesis deals with the improvement of responsivity by fabrication of solution processed heterojunction and piezotronic diode on flexible paper substrate for enhanced broadband photodetector and active analog frequency modulator by application of external mechanical strain. The fabricated MoS2 based heterojunctions was further utilized at circuit level for frequency modulation. The external applied strain not only modulates the transport properties at the junction which not only enhances the broadband photoresponse but also changes the depletion capacitance of junction under reverse bias thereby utilizing it for frequency modulation at circuit level. The next part of thesis deals with fabrication of new type of electronic, skin-like pressure and strain sensor on flexible, bio-degradable pencil eraser substrate that can detect pressure variations and both tensile and compressive strain and has been fabricated by a solvent-free, low-cost and energy efficient process. Eraser, serves as a substrate for strain sensing as well as acts as a dielectric for capacitive pressure sensing, thereby eliminating the steps of dielectric deposition which is crucial in capacitive based pressure sensors. Detailed mechanism studies in terms of tunneling effect is presented to understand the proposed phenomena. As a proof of concept, an array of 6 x 8 devices were fabricated and pressure mapping of alphabets “I”, “T” and “H” were plotted which were highly consistent with the shape and weight distribution of the object

Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Covalently Functionalized Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Nanohybrids for Optical Limiting

Optical limiters are smart materials that follow passive approaches to provide laser protection, which are useful for the protection of human eyes, optical elements, and optical sensors from intense laser pulses. Many functional materials have been widely investigated with the view to realize practical passive optical limiting application. However, preparation of the required nonlinear optical active materials for optical limiters still presents a significant chemical challenge. In particular, this chapter gives emphasis to the nonlinear properties modulation of porphyrin and phthalocyanine covalently functionalized graphene and carbon nanotubes nanohybrids for the function of optical power limiting aiming the achievement of effective systems through the appropriate combination and modulation of several structural components. The nonlinear optical mechanisms observed in inorganic-organic nanohybrids, i.e., nonlinear scattering, nonlinear absorption, nonlinear refraction, and others, are discussed in conjunction with the influence of the materials properties and the laser source on the optical limiting performances

高分解能透過型電子顕微鏡内でのナノ材料特性測定

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Hybrid Nanomaterials

Two of the hottest research topics today are hybrid nanomaterials and flexible electronics. As such, this book covers both topics with chapters written by experts from across the globe. Chapters address hybrid nanomaterials, electronic transport in black phosphorus, three-dimensional nanocarbon hybrids, hybrid ion exchangers, pressure-sensitive adhesives for flexible electronics, simulation and modeling of transistors, smart manufacturing technologies, and inorganic semiconductors