8,195 research outputs found
Fairness Testing: A Comprehensive Survey and Analysis of Trends
Unfair behaviors of Machine Learning (ML) software have garnered increasing
attention and concern among software engineers. To tackle this issue, extensive
research has been dedicated to conducting fairness testing of ML software, and
this paper offers a comprehensive survey of existing studies in this field. We
collect 100 papers and organize them based on the testing workflow (i.e., how
to test) and testing components (i.e., what to test). Furthermore, we analyze
the research focus, trends, and promising directions in the realm of fairness
testing. We also identify widely-adopted datasets and open-source tools for
fairness testing
Life Satisfaction and Psychological and Physical Well-Being
A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being . It showcases a review and empirical studies on life satisfaction and its related aspects. The studies are from several countries on a wide range of samples including university students, faculty, nurses, entrepreneurs, adolescents, national databases, refugees, and community samples
Prof. Dr. V. K. KumarProf. Dr. Jasmin Tahmaseb-McConathaGuest Editorshttps://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/ctsmfaculty_books/1028/thumbnail.jp
Augmented Behavioral Annotation Tools, with Application to Multimodal Datasets and Models: A Systematic Review
Annotation tools are an essential component in the creation of datasets for machine learning purposes. Annotation tools have evolved greatly since the turn of the century, and now commonly include collaborative features to divide labor efficiently, as well as automation employed to amplify human efforts. Recent developments in machine learning models, such as Transformers, allow for training upon very large and sophisticated multimodal datasets and enable generalization across domains of knowledge. These models also herald an increasing emphasis on prompt engineering to provide qualitative fine-tuning upon the model itself, adding a novel emerging layer of direct machine learning annotation. These capabilities enable machine intelligence to recognize, predict, and emulate human behavior with much greater accuracy and nuance, a noted shortfall of which have contributed to algorithmic injustice in previous techniques. However, the scale and complexity of training data required for multimodal models presents engineering challenges. Best practices for conducting annotation for large multimodal models in the most safe and ethical, yet efficient, manner have not been established. This paper presents a systematic literature review of crowd and machine learning augmented behavioral annotation methods to distill practices that may have value in multimodal implementations, cross-correlated across disciplines. Research questions were defined to provide an overview of the evolution of augmented behavioral annotation tools in the past, in relation to the present state of the art. (Contains five figures and four tables)
Specificity of the innate immune responses to different classes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species causing infectious disease. Here, we characterized a M. avium infection model in zebrafish larvae, and compared it to M. marinum infection, a model of tuberculosis. M. avium bacteria are efficiently phagocytosed and frequently induce granuloma-like structures in zebrafish larvae. Although macrophages can respond to both mycobacterial infections, their migration speed is faster in infections caused by M. marinum. Tlr2 is conservatively involved in most aspects of the defense against both mycobacterial infections. However, Tlr2 has a function in the migration speed of macrophages and neutrophils to infection sites with M. marinum that is not observed with M. avium. Using RNAseq analysis, we found a distinct transcriptome response in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction for M. avium and M. marinum infection. In addition, we found differences in gene expression in metabolic pathways, phagosome formation, matrix remodeling, and apoptosis in response to these mycobacterial infections. In conclusion, we characterized a new M. avium infection model in zebrafish that can be further used in studying pathological mechanisms for NTM-caused diseases
Model Reporting for Certifiable AI: A Proposal from Merging EU Regulation into AI Development
Despite large progress in Explainable and Safe AI, practitioners suffer from
a lack of regulation and standards for AI safety. In this work we merge recent
regulation efforts by the European Union and first proposals for AI guidelines
with recent trends in research: data and model cards. We propose the use of
standardized cards to document AI applications throughout the development
process. Our main contribution is the introduction of use-case and operation
cards, along with updates for data and model cards to cope with regulatory
requirements. We reference both recent research as well as the source of the
regulation in our cards and provide references to additional support material
and toolboxes whenever possible. The goal is to design cards that help
practitioners develop safe AI systems throughout the development process, while
enabling efficient third-party auditing of AI applications, being easy to
understand, and building trust in the system. Our work incorporates insights
from interviews with certification experts as well as developers and
individuals working with the developed AI applications.Comment: 54 pages, 1 figure, to be submitte
Urban Space, Genre and Subjectivity in African and Latin American Cinema
This project studies twelve African and Latin American films from a range of eras and countries, with an emphasis on their treatment of urban space, their manipulation of genre elements, and their approaches to character subjectivity. The analysis draws on major works of urban theory by Henri Lefebvre, Manuel Castells, David Harvey, Jane Jacobs, and others in order to investigate the relationship between cinema and the urban experience. As the films in the study are mostly set in cities that are not discussed by the theorists, the analysis entails testing their theories against the realities of these other settings, as depicted in the films. Furthermore, as these films depict places and people not usually featured in commercial cinema, this project will emphasize ways in which the films challenge dominant patterns of cinematic representation with regard to African and Latin American people, places and culture. Finally, this project will analyze important structural and stylistic nuances of each film in order to contribute to existing discussions of African and Latin American film and global film in general
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