44,142 research outputs found
Age-Optimal Updates of Multiple Information Flows
In this paper, we study an age of information minimization problem, where
multiple flows of update packets are sent over multiple servers to their
destinations. Two online scheduling policies are proposed. When the packet
generation and arrival times are synchronized across the flows, the proposed
policies are shown to be (near) optimal for minimizing any time-dependent,
symmetric, and non-decreasing penalty function of the ages of the flows over
time in a stochastic ordering sense
Status Updates in a multi-stream M/G/1/1 preemptive queue
We consider a source that collects a multiplicity of streams of updates and
sends them through a network to a monitor. However, only a single update can be
in the system at a time. Therefore, the transmitter always preempts the packet
being served when a new update is generated. We consider Poisson arrivals for
each stream and a common general service time, and refer to this system as the
multi-stream M/G/1/1 queue with preemption. Using the detour flow graph method,
we compute a closed form expression for the average age and the average peak
age of each stream. Moreover, we deduce that although all streams are treated
equally from a transmission point of view (they all preempt each other), one
can still prioritize a stream from an age point of view by simply increasing
its generation rate. However, this will increase the sum of the ages which is
minimized when all streams have the same update rate
Optimizing Age-of-Information in a Multi-class Queueing System
We consider the age-of-information in a multi-class queueing system,
where each class generates packets containing status information. Age of
information is a relatively new metric that measures the amount of time that
elapsed between status updates, thus accounting for both the queueing delay and
the delay between packet generation. This gives rise to a tradeoff between
frequency of status updates, and queueing delay. In this paper, we study this
tradeoff in a system with heterogenous users modeled as a multi-class
queue. To this end, we derive the exact peak age-of-Information (PAoI) profile
of the system, which measures the "freshness" of the status information. We
then seek to optimize the age of information, by formulating the problem using
quasiconvex optimization, and obtain structural properties of the optimal
solution
Update or Wait: How to Keep Your Data Fresh
In this work, we study how to optimally manage the freshness of information
updates sent from a source node to a destination via a channel. A proper metric
for data freshness at the destination is the age-of-information, or simply age,
which is defined as how old the freshest received update is since the moment
that this update was generated at the source node (e.g., a sensor). A
reasonable update policy is the zero-wait policy, i.e., the source node submits
a fresh update once the previous update is delivered and the channel becomes
free, which achieves the maximum throughput and the minimum delay.
Surprisingly, this zero-wait policy does not always minimize the age. This
counter-intuitive phenomenon motivates us to study how to optimally control
information updates to keep the data fresh and to understand when the zero-wait
policy is optimal. We introduce a general age penalty function to characterize
the level of dissatisfaction on data staleness and formulate the average age
penalty minimization problem as a constrained semi-Markov decision problem
(SMDP) with an uncountable state space. We develop efficient algorithms to find
the optimal update policy among all causal policies, and establish sufficient
and necessary conditions for the optimality of the zero-wait policy. Our
investigation shows that the zero-wait policy is far from the optimum if (i)
the age penalty function grows quickly with respect to the age, (ii) the packet
transmission times over the channel are positively correlated over time, or
(iii) the packet transmission times are highly random (e.g., following a
heavy-tail distribution)
Age-Optimal Information Updates in Multihop Networks
The problem of reducing the age-of-information has been extensively studied
in the single-hop networks. In this paper, we minimize the age-of-information
in general multihop networks. If the packet transmission times over the network
links are exponentially distributed, we prove that a preemptive Last Generated
First Served (LGFS) policy results in smaller age processes at all nodes of the
network (in a stochastic ordering sense) than any other causal policy. In
addition, for arbitrary general distributions of packet transmission times, the
non-preemptive LGFS policy is shown to minimize the age processes at all nodes
of the network among all non-preemptive work-conserving policies (again in a
stochastic ordering sense). It is surprising that such simple policies can
achieve optimality of the joint distribution of the age processes at all nodes
even under arbitrary network topologies, as well as arbitrary packet generation
and arrival times. These optimality results not only hold for the age
processes, but also for any non-decreasing functional of the age processes.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1603.0618
- …