23,380 research outputs found
"CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON IDEOLOGY OF NEGARA ISLAM INDONESIA (NII) GROUP, INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT, AND THE JAKARTA POST REPRESENTED THROUGH EDITORIALS AND HEADLINES OF THE JAKARTA POST"
This study, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) on the Ideology of Negara IslamIndonesia (NII) group, Indonesian Government, and the Jakarta Post representedthrough the editorial and headlines of the Jakarta Post. It is aimed to know whatIdeology of Indonesian Government concerning with the NII Group and the Ideology ofNII Group reflected through mass media (headlines and editorials). The data ofeditorials and headlines published by the Jakarta Post collected for this study from2010-2013. I used analysis method of Appraisal system similar to White’s work.Through appraisal, we can uncover the Ideology of the parties in this research. Some
results of the study (through the texts analyzed) are: Indonesian Government has theIdeology that NII Group must be suppressed, no place for the organization (group) inthis country, the group is negative group (a part of terrorism) which want to replace
Indonesian Ideology of Pancasila with Islam Ideology and etc. But in other side, TheNII Group has the ideology that the Group has a right to live in Indonesia, the Group
always Struggle for their movement, and the Group is not negative group and etc andthe Jakarta Post has the ideology of supporting the Government stance in looking at theNII Group
Manual on prototyping methodology and multifunctional crop rotation
This VEGINECO manual is one of a series of publications resulting from the VEGINECO project. VEGINECO specialises in producing tested and improved multi-objective farming methods for key farming practices – e.g. crop rotation, fertilisation and crop protection – to facilitate the integration of potentially conflicting objectives like economy and ecology. This report consists of two parts. The first part describes the prototyping methodology and how it was used in the VEGINECO project (Chapters 2 - 5). The second part describes the methodology for developing crop rotation strategies with examples of its application under different conditions in Europe (Chapter 6 - 11)
The law of two prices: trade costs and relative price variability
The paper investigates whether deviations from the law of one price can attributed to real factors, such as transportation and distribution costs. Even if trade is costly, the prices of a good at di.erent locations will be linked as long as the good is traded. Instead of the usual iceberg assumption, I model costly trade as a transportation sector that uses real resources with potentially different factor intensities than the production of the good. First I use a latent factor model to see if distance specific ("transportation") and location specific ("retailing") factors can explain deviations from the law of one price across U.S. cities. For many products, these two factors explain 10-20% of all the variation in prices. The estimated transportation factor tends to move together with oil prices. Next I derive the variance of relative prices at di.erent locations when the price of transportation is determined in general equilibrium. This variance is high if (i) the good is costly to transport and (ii) it is produced with different factor intensities than transportation. Preliminary empirical results suggest that goods similar to transportation in terms of factor intensity have indeed lower relative price variability. As these goods tend to be costly to ship, this helps resolve the puzzling finding of Engel and Rogers (2001) that less tradable goods have less volatile relative prices.
Bowtie models as preventive models in maritime safety
Aquest treball ha sorgit d’una proposta del Dr. Rodrigo de Larrucea que ha acabat de publicar un llibre ambiciĂłs sobre Seguretat MarĂtima. Com ell mateix diu, el tema “excedeix amb molt les potencialitats de l’autor”, aixĂ que en el meu cas això Ă©s mĂ©s cert. Es pot aspirar, però, a fer una modesta contribuciĂł a l’estudi i difusiĂł de la seguretat de la cultura marĂtima, que nomĂ©s apareix a les notĂcies quan tenen lloc desastres molt puntuals.
En qualsevol cas, el professor em va proposar que em centrĂ©s en els Bowtie Models, models en corbatĂ, que integren l’arbre de causes y el de conseqüències (en anglès el Fault Tree Analysis, FTA, i l’Event Tree Analysis, ETA). Certament, existeixen altres metodologies i aproximacions (i en el seu llibre en presenta vĂ ries, resumides), però per la seva senzillesa conceptual i possibilitat de generalitzaciĂł i integraciĂł dels resultats era una bona aposta. AixĂ, desprĂ©s d’una fase de meditaciĂł i recopilaciĂł de informaciĂł, em vaig decidir a presentar un model en corbatĂ molt general on caben les principals causes d’accidents (factores ambientals, error humĂ i fallada mecĂ nica), comptant tambĂ© que pot existir una combinaciĂł de causes.
De tota manera, a l’hora d’explotar aquest model existeix la gran dificultat de donar una probabilitat de ocurrència, un nombre entre 0 i 1, a cada branca. Normalment les probabilitats d’ocurrència sĂłn petites i degut a això difĂcils d’estimar. Cada accident Ă©s diferent, de grans catĂ strofes n’hi ha poques, i cada accident ja Ă©s estudiat de manera exhaustiva (mĂ©s exhaustiva quan mĂ©s greu Ă©s). Un altre factor que dificulta l’estima de la probabilitat de fallada Ă©s l’evoluciĂł constant del mĂłn marĂtim, tant des del punt de vista tècnic, de formaciĂł, legal i fins i tot generacional doncs cada generaciĂł de marins Ă©s diferent. Els esforços estan doncs enfocats a augmentar la seguretat, encara que sempre amb un ull posat sobre els costs. AixĂ, he presentat un model en corbatĂ pel seu valor didĂ ctic i grĂ fic però sense entrar en detalls numèrics, que si s’escau ja anirĂ© afinant i interioritzant en l’exercici de la professiĂł.
En aquest treball tambĂ© he intentat no mantenir-me totalment al costat de la teoria (ja se sap que si tot es fa bĂ©, tot surt perfecte, etc…) sinĂł presentar amb cert detall 2 casos ben coneguts d’accidents marĂtims: el petroler Exxon Valdez, el 1989 i el ferry Estonia en 1994, entre altres esmentats. SĂłn casos ja una mica vells però que van contribuir a augmentar la cultura de la seguretat, fins a arribar al nivell del que gaudim actualment, al menys als paĂŻsos occidentals. Doncs la seguretat, com esmenta Rodrigo de Larrucea “és una actitud i mai Ă©s fortuĂŻta; sempre Ă©s el resultat d’una voluntat decidida, un esforç sincer, una direcciĂł intel·ligent i una execuciĂł acurada. Sens lloc a dubtes, sempre suposa la millor alternativa”.
The work has been inspired in its initial aspects by the book of my tutor Jaime Rodrigo de Larrucea, that presents a state of the art of all the maritime aspects related to safety. Evidently, since it covers all the topics, it cannot deepen on every topic. It was my opportunity to deepen in the Bowtie Model but finally I have also covered a wide variety of topics.
Later, when I began to study the topics, I realized that the people in the maritime world usually do not understand to a great extent statistics. Everybody is concerned about safety but few nautical students take a probabilistic approach to the accidents. For this it is extremely important to study the population that is going to be studied: in our case the SOLAS ships
Also, during my time at Riga, I have been very concerned with the most diverse accidents, some of them studied during the courses at Barcelona. I have seen that it is difficult to model mathematically the accidents, since each one has different characteristics, angles, and surely there are not 2 equal.
Finally, it was accorded that I should concentrate on the Bowtie Model, which is not very complex from a statistical point of view. It is simply a fault tree of events model and a tree of effects. I present some examples in this Chapter 2. The difficulty I point out is to try to estimate the probabilities of occurrence of events that are unusual.
We concentrated at major accidents, those that may cause victims or heavy losses. Then, for the sake of generality, at Chapter 4, I have divided the causes in 4 great classes: Natural hazards, human factor, mechanical failure and attacks (piracy and terrorism). The last concern maybe should not be included beside the others since terrorism and piracy acts are not accidents, but since there is an important code dedicated to prevent security threats, ISPS, it is example of design of barriers to prevent an undesired event (although it gives mainly guidelines to follow by the States, Port Terminals and Shipping Companies). I have presented a detailed study of the tragedy of the Estonia, showing how a mechanical failure triggered the failure of the ferry, by its nature a delicate ship, but there were other factors such as poor maintenance and heavy seas.
At the next Chapter, certain characteristics of error chains are analyzed. Finally, the conclusions are drawn, offering a pretty optimistic view of the safety (and security) culture at the Western World but that may not easily permeate the entire World, due to the associated costs
The Potential Role of an Employment Guarantee Scheme in Korea\u27s Social Safety Net
[Excerpt] Beginning in November 1997, the Republic of Korea underwent a devastating economic crisis. Declining macroeconomic conditions brought about major labor market disruptions in 1998: a quadrupling of unemployment, a fall of 9% in real wages, informalization of the remaining jobs, increased job insecurity, and rising poverty and inequality. Disadvantaged groups suffered a disproportionate impact. The result was not only economic misery but also social pain: increased homelessness, rising crime, heightened school dropouts, an accelerating divorce rate, and an overwhelming sense of social malaise.
1999 marked a major turnaround for Korea. GDP grew by 10.7%, and real wages are growing apace. The unemployment rate is now less than half of its peak level. Women are again returning to the labor force and are finding employment. A sense of guarded optimism is returning to the Korean society.
Nonetheless, important labor market problems remain (and social problems as well). The unemployment rate now is twice as high as it was before the crisis. But high unemployment is the tip of the proverbial iceberg. Income inequality is 15% higher and poverty is twice as high as before. What recommendations, taking into account cost and other considerations, can be made on the reporting of recommended indicators
Methods and Conditions for Achieving Continuous Improvement of Processes
In the early twentieth century, the Taylor model improved, in a spectacular maner the efficiency of the production processes. This allowed obtaining high productivity by low-skilled workers, but used in large number in the execution of production. Currently this model is questioned by experts and was replaced by the concept of "continuous improvement". The first signs of change date from the '80s, with the apparition of quality circles and groups of operators on quality issues, principles which are also found in other continuous improvement strategies like: TQM (Total Quality Management), TPM (Total Production Maintenance), Kaizen and Six-Sigma. All these strategies are based on an active participation of the workers. Within this framework, many companies organize autonomous teams of workers responsible for organizing their work and improve economic performances.continuous improvement; segment improvement; Kaizen; TQM; TPM; autonomous teams; Six Sigma.
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