14,138 research outputs found
Toolbox of Countermeasures for Rural Two-Lane Curves, June 2012
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) estimates that 58 percent of roadway fatalities are lane departures, while 40 percent of fatalities are single-vehicle run-off-road (SVROR) crashes. Addressing lane-departure crashes is therefore a priority for national, state, and local roadway agencies. Horizontal curves are of particular interest because they have been correlated with increased crash occurrence.
This toolbox was developed to assist agencies address crashes at rural curves. The main objective of this toolbox is to summarize the effectiveness of various known curve countermeasures.
While education, enforcement, and policy countermeasures should also be considered, they were not included given the toolbox focuses on roadway-based countermeasures. Furthermore, the toolbox is geared toward rural two-lane curves.
The research team identified countermeasures based on their own research, through a survey of the literature, and through discussions with other professionals. Coverage of curve countermeasures in this toolbox is not necessarily comprehensive.
For each countermeasure covered, this toolbox includes the following information: description, application, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages
Implementation and Evaluation of a Cooperative Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Safety Application
While the development of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) safety applications based
on Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) has been extensively undergoing
standardization for more than a decade, such applications are extremely missing
for Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs). Nonexistence of collaborative systems between
VRUs and vehicles was the main reason for this lack of attention. Recent
developments in Wi-Fi Direct and DSRC-enabled smartphones are changing this
perspective. Leveraging the existing V2V platforms, we propose a new framework
using a DSRC-enabled smartphone to extend safety benefits to VRUs. The
interoperability of applications between vehicles and portable DSRC enabled
devices is achieved through the SAE J2735 Personal Safety Message (PSM).
However, considering the fact that VRU movement dynamics, response times, and
crash scenarios are fundamentally different from vehicles, a specific framework
should be designed for VRU safety applications to study their performance. In
this article, we first propose an end-to-end Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P)
framework to provide situational awareness and hazard detection based on the
most common and injury-prone crash scenarios. The details of our VRU safety
module, including target classification and collision detection algorithms, are
explained next. Furthermore, we propose and evaluate a mitigating solution for
congestion and power consumption issues in such systems. Finally, the whole
system is implemented and analyzed for realistic crash scenarios
Smart Roadside System for Driver Assistance and Safety Warnings: Framework and Applications
The use of newly emerging sensor technologies in traditional roadway systems can provide real-time traffic services to drivers through Telematics and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs). This paper introduces a smart roadside system that utilizes various sensors for driver assistance and traffic safety warnings. This paper shows two road application models for a smart roadside system and sensors: a red-light violation warning system for signalized intersections, and a speed advisory system for highways. Evaluation results for the two services are then shown using a micro-simulation method. In the given real-time applications for drivers, the framework and certain algorithms produce a very efficient solution with respect to the roadway type features and sensor type use
How drivers respond to visual vs. auditory information in advisory traffic information systems
To date, many efforts have been made to explore how to support driver\u27s decision-making process with advisory information. Previous studies mainly focus on a single modality, e.g. the visual, auditory or haptic modality. In contrast, this study compares data from two simulator studies with 50 participants in total, where the visual vs. the auditory modality was used to present the same type of advisory traffic information under the same driving scenarios. Hereby we compare the effect of these two modalities on drivers\u27 responses and driving performance. Our findings indicate that modality influences the drivers\u27 behaviour patterns significantly. Visual information helps drivers to drive more accurately and efficiently, whereas auditory information supports quicker responses. This suggests that there are potential benefits in applying both modalities in tandem, as they complement each other. Correspondingly, we present several design recommendations on Advisory Traffic Information Systems
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter 2013 Annual Conference:Human Factors: sustainable life and mobility
On the occasion of the 2013 Meeting in Torino, Ital
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter 2013 Annual Conference:Human Factors: sustainable life and mobility
On the occasion of the 2013 Meeting in Torino, Ital
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