178,856 research outputs found

    Putative fishery-induced changes in biomass and population size structures of demersal deep-sea fishes in ICES Sub-area VII, Northeast Atlantic Ocean

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    This work was supported by a series of NERC grants to the principal investigators including NE/C512961/1. The results of the early joint SAMS and IOS surveys were digitized with support from EU MAST Contract MAS2-CT920033 1993–1995, and data analyses was supported by EU FP7 Projects HERMES and HERMIONE. We thank Alain Zuur from Highland Statistics Ltd. for advice with the statistical analyses and Odd Aksel Bergstad for valuable comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We thank the ships’ companies of the RRS Challenger and RRS Discovery.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Observational Study Design in Veterinary Pathology, Part 1: Study Design

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    Observational studies are the basis for much of our knowledge of veterinary pathology and are highly relevant to the daily practice of pathology. However, recommendations for conducting pathology-based observational studies are not readily available. In part 1 of this series, we offer advice on planning and conducting an observational study with examples from the veterinary pathology literature. Investigators should recognize the importance of creativity, insight, and innovation in devising studies that solve problems and fill important gaps in knowledge. Studies should focus on specific and testable hypotheses, questions, or objectives. The methodology is developed to support these goals. We consider the merits and limitations of different types of analytic and descriptive studies, as well as of prospective vs retrospective enrollment. Investigators should define clear inclusion and exclusion criteria and select adequate numbers of study subjects, including careful selection of the most appropriate controls. Studies of causality must consider the temporal relationships between variables and the advantages of measuring incident cases rather than prevalent cases. Investigators must consider unique aspects of studies based on archived laboratory case material and take particular care to consider and mitigate the potential for selection bias and information bias. We close by discussing approaches to adding value and impact to observational studies. Part 2 of the series focuses on methodology and validation of methods

    Midwest Technology Assistance Center for Small Public Water Systems Final Report

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    The Midwest Technology Assistance Center (MTAC) was established October 1, 1998 to provide assistance to small public water systems throughout the Midwest via funding from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under section 1420(f) of the 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. This report summarizes progress made under USEPA Grant# 832591-01 for funds received in Federal Years (FY) 05 and 06. MTAC is a cooperative effort of the 10 states of the Midwest (congruent with USEPA regions 5 and 7), led by the Illinois State Water Survey and the University of Illinois. The director of their Water Resources Institute (WRI) coordinates the participation of each state in MTAC. Dr. Richard Warner (WRI director) and Kent Smothers were the principal investigators for this project. Kent Smothers serves as the managing director of the center, and is responsible for conducting routine activities with the advice and counsel of Dr. Richard Warner.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe

    Ethical Considerations in Conducting Family Violence Research

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    There is a lack of procedure in the UK guiding social researchers faced with ethical questions. In particular, investigators concerned with family violence and its effects on children face some of the most complex ethical dilemmas in social research and there is a need for greater transparency of ethical procedures. This paper summarizes some key ethical principles guiding social research focused on children, and the decisions that researchers face when conducting studies in the area of child maltreatment or domestic violence. A case example of a study conducted in Dublin, Ireland is used to illustrate difficulties surrounding decisions of informed consent, confidentiality and disclosure, distress and danger, and questioning children directly about their experiences of family violence. The advice of the ethics committee and the solutions agreed by the research team are shared. While the study was subject to a review by an independent ethics committee, in the absence of nationally-recognized or agreed guidelines, good ethical practice is largely dependent upon the moral judgments of the research team. It is hoped that by providing one such case example, others might be encouraged to report on their own ethical protocols and procedures

    National Institutes of Health Career Development Awards for Cardiovascular Physician-Scientists: Recent Trends and Strategies for Success

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    Nurturing the development of cardiovascular physician-scientist investigators is critical for sustained progress in cardiovascular science and improving human health. The transition from an inexperienced trainee to an independent physician-scientist is a multifaceted process requiring a sustained commitment from the trainee, mentors, and institution. A cornerstone of this training process is a career development (K) award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). These awards generally require 75% of the awardee's professional effort devoted to research aims and diverse career development activities carried out in a mentored environment over a 5-year period. We report on recent success rates for obtaining NIH K awards, provide strategies for preparing a successful application and navigating the early career period for aspiring cardiovascular investigators, and offer cardiovascular division leadership perspectives regarding K awards in the current era. Our objective is to offer practical advice that will equip trainees considering an investigator path for success

    The Implementation of Diversion in Handling of Criminal Actions Performed by Child

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    The purpose of this study was to obtain and find out information data about the implementation of diversion in handling criminal acts committed by children. The method used by the researcher was legal approach normative juridical and the specifications in this study were descriptive. The sources and types of data in this study are secondary data obtained from literature studies which were analyzed qualitatively. Based on the results of the study that implementation of diversion in handling criminal acts committed by children carried out by investigators, especially at the investigation stage, namely investigators have carried out law enforcement properly by receiving and serving every report or complaint given by the community and perpetrators by always fulfilling the rights of victims and suspects in order to provide a sense of justice for both the suspect and the victim. The obstacles include legal regulations and their handling procedures that do not support criminal acts committed by children with mental disorders. Law enforcers, in this case child investigators, are still lacking both in terms of the number of investigators and the level of knowledge of investigators in handling child crimes. There is no Temporary Child Placement Institution (LPAS) as mandated in Act No. 11 of 2012. The effort is to carry out the stages of the investigation in accordance with the SOP accompanied by asking for advice and input from prosecutors and experts. Request an increase in the number of personnel and carry out training and vocational education for personnel as well as carry out sharing and brainstorming with the Prosecutor's Office. Coordinate with the Social Service to facilitate child offenders who do not have parents or a place to live
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