Development of Gen2 RFID-based Closed-loop Supply Chain Management System

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 산업·조선공학부, 2018. 2. 박진우.With the extended producer responsibility, which is a countermeasure for environmental problems such as resource depletion in manufacturing industries, responsibility of manufacturers who produce automotive, electrical and electronic equipment has been extended beyond production, retailing, to collection and recycling of the end-of-life products. Particularly in the case of recycling, a legal system has been introduced that enforces recycling at a certain rate or more on a mass basis. In this background, scope of the supply chain management also has been extended beyond forward process, which consists of sourcing, producing, and delivery, to reverse process. It is called closed-loop supply chain in terms of constantly using the resources that have been put into the manufacturing ecosystem. Proper operation of the closed-loop supply chain can maximize economic profit by value creation along with whole product lifecycle as well as complying with environmental legislation. However, chronic uncertainties of reverse process cause inefficiency in terms of overall performance of closed-loop supply chain. In terms of physical flow, the timing and quantity of end-of-life product return is difficult to predict. Moreover, recycling network is complex because there are many participants in reverse process. In terms of product lifecycle, residual values of returned products are all different due to the factors like usage environments, user behaviors, and so forth. Moreover, this problem becomes even worse at component level. Many research efforts have been proved that real-information gathering can solve this problem. In this context, a system framework that minimizes uncertainties and facilitates various positive effects along with the product lifecycle by using the internet-of-things including radio frequency identification (RFID) and sensors, will be proposed in this dissertation. Unlike the existing approaches that only tag products, component-level individual tagging that tags not only products but also components will be proposed for more detailed lifecycle information management. Especially, encoding the family relationships among the components, by using user memory that is provided by Gen2 RFID protocol, will be proposed to extract new contribution. Information system including RFID tag encoding scheme, will be designed to strictly comply with the established standards to ensure compatibility within the industries in the future. Additionally, potential effects will be examined. Real-time monitoring and maintenance (RMM) and counterfeit prevention scheme, which are intangible effects in terms of product service in the middle-of-life phase, will be introduced. Especially, sweeping scan approach to prevent structural counterfeits of products by using the family relations in the user memory, will be introduced. Also it will be shown that the proposed system is valuable for remanufacturing process streamlining and hybrid remanufacturing/manufacturing production planning with numerical studies.1. Introduction 1 1.1. Product Recycling 1 1.2. Closed-loop Supply Chain 4 1.3. Internet-of-Things 8 1.4. Goal and Scope 10 2. Literature/Technology Review 15 2.1. Literature Review 15 2.2. Technology Review: RFID and Gen2 Standard 21 3. Analysis of Korean ELV Remanufacturing Industry 24 3.1. Overview 24 3.2. Problem Extraction and Classification 26 4. Design of the Proposed System 32 4.1. Lifecycle Information Gathering and Component-level Tagging 32 4.2. Information System Framework and Lifecycle Implications 37 4.3. Design of Data Architecture 46 4.4. Database Transactions for Potential Effects 57 5. System Implementation in the MOL Phase 61 5.1. Real-time Monitoring and Maintenance 61 5.2. Counterfeit Prevention 66 6. Remanufacturing Process Streamlining 70 6.1. Elimination of the Unnecessary Loop 70 6.2. A Requisite for Enhancement 77 7. Hybrid Production Planning for a Remanufacturing/Manufacturing System 87 7.1. Conceptual Modeling 87 7.2. Mathematical Modeling 94 7.3. Computational Results 101 7.4. Sensitivity Analysis 110 8. Conclusion 126 8.1. Summary 126 8.2. Limitations and Future Research Direction 129 Appendix. Numerical Experiment Settings 131 Bibliography 138 국문초록 149Docto

Lean product development: nothing new under the sun?

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ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks: a literature review

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Πλαίσιο Υποστήριξης Αποφάσεων για την Αξιολόγηση και Προώθηση Δυναμικών Δικτύων Επιχειρήσεων

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Companies need to acquire the right capabilities from the right source, and the right shore, at the right cost to improve their competitive position. Capability sourcing is an organizing process to gain access to best-in-class capabilities for all activities in a firm's value chain to ensure long-term competitive advantage. Capability sourcing modeling is a technique that helps investigating sourcing alternative solutions to facilitate strategic sourcing decision making. Our position is applying conceptual models as intermediate artifacts which are schematic descriptions of sourcing alternatives based on organization's capabilities. The contribution of this paper is introducing a conceptual framework in the form of five views (to organize all perspectives) and a conceptualisation (to formulate a language) for capability sourcing modelling

The creation of business architecture heat maps to support strategy-aligned organizational decisions

The realization of strategic alignment within the business architecture has become increasingly important for companies. Indeed, it facilitates business-IT alignment as a well-designed business architecture helps both to identify the appropriate requirements for IT systems and to discover new business opportunities that can be realized by IT. However, there is a lack of alignment techniques that support organizational (re) design decisions during the operation phase as the actual performance of business architecture elements is neglected. Capability heat maps provide a useful starting point in this respect as they focus on the creation of a hierarchy of prioritized capabilities, which are characterized by a performance measure. In this paper, these techniques will be extended to support strategy-aligned decisions within the business architecture. The identification of the relevant business architecture elements is based on state-of-the-art enterprise modelling languages, which enable the development of enterprise models on distinct layers of the business architecture. Strategic alignment between these elements will be realized by using prioritization according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), while performance measurement will enable the creation of a proper decision support system. Afterwards, the proposed heat map will be applied on a case example to illustrate its potential use. This results in the completion of a first build-and-evaluate loop within the Design Science methodology

Meeting point of strategy and operations: tactical management sense and response framework enhancement

We recognize a problem of work overload in every managerial position nowadays. This is complemented with data overload, and still somehow, information inadequacy. We recognize the problem of rather clear strategic or business plan expectations and inability to meet them. We also recognize the problem of complexity of issues every manager has to deal with in all of their diversity. All of these elements persisting in an uncertain and unpredictable environment of today's business, technology and economy, where planning is trading places with structuring, modularizing and preparing oneself in being adaptive to any given circumstances, especially in terms of tactics, denote longing for multidimensional support. There are various efforts and products to automatize and enrich the data in order to give basis for better decision-making and problem solving. Also, there are frameworks to formalize and verbalize the strategic or business plan expectations and targets with respective performance measurement in order to point out the direction where a business unit/company should be headed. And quite a lot is being done on a subject-specific areas such as: Alignment of IT and Strategy, Business Operations and Strategy,. But the perceived "boiling" zone of tactical management is somehow un-addressed, both in theory and with feasible artifacts. Tactical Management as the managerial function that implements strategies and deploys and utilizes specific resources from the operational level in order to gain that specific advantage prescribed in the strategy has both differentiating and uniting characteristics when compared to operations and strategy. Furthermore, if standing in the shoes of a tactical manager, what one will see as work description, will be overwhelming crossroads of unmatched information flows in structure, depths, sources, manners, complexity, timings, and expectations. How to perceive, organize, handle and utilize all that landscape with what is given, and be able to handle it dynamically, appropriately and with least expenditures, is what we are aiming for. It's neither straightforward, nor an easy, automated task. For anyone. It is both company-and person-dependent task. This research focuses on tactical management, from the perspective of the individual manager. We believe that by Enhancing the Sense-and-Respond Framework on a tactical level we will assist the individual tactical manager with increased adaptability and handling complexity

From strategy to operations and vice-versa: a bridge that needs an Island

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