Coordination of actors and relational resources in innovation ecosystems

As economias mais bem sucedidas de hoje não são mais aquelas baseadas em bens, mas sim em ideias e conhecimento. Portanto, a inovação torna-se de suma importância para o desenvolvimento regional e local. Os ecossistemas de inovação (EIs) se destacam como ambientes com o objetivo de promover a inovação nas empresas, cidades e regiões. Esses EIs passam por diferentes estágios em seu ciclo de vida e devem adotar estratégias de coordenação dos atores e recursos interdependentes e interrelacionados que os compõem, de modo a serem bem sucedidos. Assim, os EIs podem ser analisados por meio da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR). A VBR destaca os recursos valiosos, raros, difíceis de imitar e difíceis de substituir (VRIN), bem como sua organização (O) para a obtenção de vantagem competitiva sustentável (Barney, 1991; 1995). Um dos principais desenvolvimentos da VBR é a Visão Relacional, a qual argumenta que a vantagem competitiva sustentável pode resultar de relações entre uma rede de atores e considera os benefícios gerados conjuntamente e de propriedade de atores parceiros (Dyer e Singh, 1998; Lavie, 2006). Na Visão Relacional, a criação de valor depende de quatro determinantes: recursos e capacidades complementares; ativos específicos da relação; rotinas de compartilhamento de conhecimento; e governança eficaz (Dyer, Singh, e Hesterly, 2018). Essas parcerias são essenciais nos EIs, compostos por atores da academia, empresas, governo e sociedade, cujo objetivo é fornecer os meios e condições necessários para gerar valor por meio da inovação. Assim, em um contexto de incerteza e interesses difusos, a coordenação de atores e recursos relacionais pode gerar valor e inovação, resultando, consequentemente, em melhor desempenho e vantagem competitiva para os atores e o próprio ecossistema. Esta pesquisa contribui para a literatura explorando a dinâmica dos EIs e o papel da coordenação dos atores e recursos relacionais na criação de vantagem competitiva sustentável, contribuindo assim para o desenvolvimento local e regional. Como principais resultados, são propostos um método de mapeamento, análise e desenho de EIs nas cidades, um framework para analisar a orquestração de atores e recursos em ecossistemas de inovação, e o achado de que cada estágio do ciclo de vida de um EI – início, lançamento, crescimento e maturidade – exige diferentes estratégias de coordenação – governança, orquestração, orquestração múltipla ou coreografia.Today's most successful economies are no longer those based on goods, but rather on ideas and knowledge. Therefore, innovation becomes of paramount importance for regional and local development. Innovation ecosystems (IEs) stand out as environments with the objective of promoting innovation at firms, cities, and regions. These ecosystems go through different stages in their life cycle and must adopt strategies to coordinate the networks of interdependent and interrelated actors and resources that compose them, in order to be successful. Thus, innovation ecosystems can be analyzed from the perspective of the Resource-Based View (RBV). RBV highlights the rare, valuable, difficult to imitate and difficult to replace (VRIN) resources, as well as an implemented organization (O) that the firm must possess to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage (Barney, 1991; 1995). One of its main developments is the Relational View, which emphasizes that sustainable competitive advantage can result from relationships between a network of actors and considers the benefits jointly generated and owned by partnered actors (Dyer and Singh, 1998; Lavie, 2006). In the Relational View, the creation of value depends on four determinants: complementary resources and capabilities; specific assets of the relationship; knowledge sharing routines; and effective governance (Dyer, Singh and Hesterly, 2018). These partnerships are essential in innovation ecosystems, which consist of actors from Academia, Business, Government and Society, whose objective is to provide the means and conditions necessary to generate value through innovation. Thus, in a context of uncertainty and diffuse interests, the coordination of actors and relational resources can generate value and innovation, resulting, consequently, in better performance and competitive advantage for the actors and the ecosystem itself. This research contributes to the literature by exploring ecosystem dynamics and the role of the coordination of actors and relational resources in creating sustainable competitive advantage, thus contributing to regional development. As main results, we proposed a method for mapping, analyzing, and designing IEs in cities, a framework for analyzing the orchestration of actors and resources in innovation ecosystems, and we found that each stage of an IE’s life cycle – inception, launching, growth and maturity – demands different coordination strategies – governance, orchestration, multiple orchestration or choreography. These results can serve as a guide for policymakers, managers and other ecosystem leaders interested in fostering innovatio

Smart Connected City for Holistic Services

The construction of a smart city is based on broadband networks and high-tech under consideration of city infrastructure with holistic city service systems. Digital city was started to connect computing devices using network-based technologies in 1990s. In the beginning of 2000s, many cities were interested in the construction of city infrastructure based on the broadband networks. With the developing high-tech like wireless network, the ubiquitous city was introduced as a new type of an urban city infrastructure to satisfy citizens’ needs. These days it would become more important for citizens to provide holistic city services using the transferred data as generated resulting traffics from massive number of end-devices through broadband networks. Smart city has been constructed with multifaceted sectors like high-tech device-based physical and service-based social sector. The integrated sectors are creating new tremendous values based on embedding intelligence in the hyperconnected city. Finally, the smart city should be evolved by centering on people and the creative market is growing up rapidly

CleanTX Analysis on the Smart Grid

The utility industry in the United States has an opportunity to revolutionize its electric grid system by utilizing emerging software, hardware and wireless technologies and renewable energy sources. As electricity generation in the U.S. increases by over 30% from today’s generation of 4,100 Terawatt hours per year to a production of 5,400 Terawatt hours per year by 2030, a new type of grid is necessary to ensure reliable and quality power. The projected U.S. population increase and economic growth will require a grid that can transmit and distribute significantly more power than it does today. Known as a Smart Grid, this system enables two- way transmission of electrons and information to create a demand-response system that will optimize electricity delivery to consumers. This paper outlines the issues with the current grid infrastructure, discusses the economic advantages of the Smart Grid for both consumers and utilities, and examines the emerging technologies that will enable cleaner, more efficient and cost- effective power transmission and consumption.IC2 Institut

Smart mobility: a survey

Internet of Things (IoT) describes a world where everyday objects are always connected to the Internet, allowing them to communicate and interact with each other. By connecting these everyday objects to the Internet and making them available everywhere at any time, IoT allows to remotely monitor, manage, and gather status information about them and their surrounding environment. IoT is a revolutionary concept that brought new experiences to everyday life and enabled Smart City initiatives all over the world. These initiatives are using a combination of technology paired with physical infrastructure and services, to improve people’s quality of life. One of the high priority domain to support the Smart City’s vision is the field of Smart Mobility. This paper reviews the current IoT approaches and concepts related to Smart Cities and Smart Mobility. In addition, it analyzes distinct features and numerous applications covering both Intelligent Transportation and Real Time Traffic Management Systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Role of 5G and IoT in Smart Cities

Smart cities, one of the key application areas of 5G and IoT technologies, have at their core the goal of improving quality of life, creating collaborative solutions, and addressing resource constraints. Examples of some of the many services integrated into the network of a typical smart city are related to smart health, smart transportation, smart buildings, smart hotels, smart industry, smart universities, etc. The new era of wireless mobile telecommunication technology and the IoT ecosystem is driving the opportunities for smart cities to not only solve existing problems but also create new services and functionalities that are out of the box and invisible to the end user. The main objective of this paper is to explore the role of 5G and IoT in smart cities. The market environment, key business developments, and trends related to the key smart cities’ enablers, IoT and 5G, are presented. An in-depth literature review followed by a discussion is substantiated with synthesised research findings on the current development, 5G coverage, use and deployment of IoT in smart cities, and forecasting the evolution of its application in smart cities. &nbs

Smart cities at the forefront of the future internet

Smart cities have been recently pointed out by M2M experts as an emerging market with enormous potential, which is expected to drive the digital economy forward in the coming years. However, most of the current city and urban developments are based on vertical ICT solutions leading to an unsustainable sea of systems and market islands. In this work we discuss how the recent vision of the Future Internet (FI), and its particular components, Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Services (IoS), can become building blocks to progress towards a unified urban-scale ICT platform transforming a Smart City into an open innovation platform. Moreover, we present some results of generic implementations based on the ITU-T’s Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) model. The referenced platform model fulfills basic principles of open, federated and trusted platforms (FOTs) at two different levels: the infrastructure level (IoT to support the complexity of heterogeneous sensors deployed in urban spaces), and at the service level (IoS as a suit of open and standardized enablers to facilitate the composition of interoperable smart city services). We also discuss the need of infrastructures at the European level for a realistic large-scale experimentally-driven research, and present main principles of the unique-in-the-world experimental test facility under development within the SmartSantander EU project.Although only a few names appear on this paper, this work would not have been possible without the contribution and encouragement of many people, particularly all the enthusiastic team of the SmartSantander project, partially funded by the EC under contract number FP7-ICT-257992

Smart mobility: a survey

Internet of Things (IoT) describes a world where everyday objects are always connected to the Internet, allowing them to communicate and interact with each other. By connecting these everyday objects to the Internet and making them available everywhere at any time, IoT allows to remotely monitor, manage, and gather status information about them and their surrounding environment. IoT is a revolutionary concept that brought new experiences to everyday life and enabled Smart City initiatives all over the world. These initiatives are using a combination of technology paired with physical infrastructure and services, to improve people's quality of life. One of the high-priority domain to support the Smart City's vision is the field of Smart Mobility. This paper reviews the current IoT approaches and concepts related to Smart Cities and Smart Mobility. In addition, it analyzes distinct features and numerous applications covering both Intelligent Transportation and Real Time Traffic Management Systems

Building Climate Resilience in Smart Cities Using Open Data Services

Climate change and its consequences are among modern societies' most critical challenges. To that end, cities have focused on using information technology in their climate mitigation efforts in smart cities. Considering the magnitude of the problem and its impact on our societies, the need for building climate-resilient smart cities is crucial. In this study, we aim to understand how smart cities can achieve climate resilience. Conducting an exploratory field study and using the urban climate resilience framework as a theoretical lens, we suggest that smart cities can leverage the potential of open data and citizen engagement to reach climate resilience. In particular, our results show that building climate-resilient cities requires structural changes in citizen engagement processes and climate considerations. To that end, open data services and tools can be used to improve citizen engagement processes and develop more sustainable smart city solutions

A socially intelligent approach to consumers' collective capabilities in smart grids

There is a pressing need to investigate consumers' social relations within energy systems particularly in the context of socially smart grids at the domestic level. However, no studies to date have categorised or explained how such social relations manifest and what role different consumers play in managing home energy demand. This work provides for the first time, a categorisation of household archetypes through the social relations that govern them. This study draws on mixed data including a large-scale ethno-visual survey and interviews conducted with energy consumers in Glasgow and Bristol, UK. The analysis forms part of a wider study which integrates social identity theory (SIT), practice theory and rhythm-analysis. We primarily focus on insights derived from SIT as an approach to identifying consumers' capabilities in smart energy systems and Home Energy Management (HEM) through a study of social relations. The findings reveal novel perspectives on how social identities shape HEM patterns and how the consequent socio-spatial and technical implications play a role in future demand reduction and the development of socially smart grids. The contribution of this study is two-fold; firstly, to demonstrate how prioritising social practices, identities, and rhythm-analysis can lead to novel interventions in smart grids and redefine the roles of the community, and neighbourhoods, and secondly to discuss the policy implications for planning future automated demand management via the acquisition of new socio-spatial insights into how diverse social identities and practices can foster just transitions and equitable energy futures in the UK and beyond.</p