3,836 research outputs found
Can the g Factor Play a Role in Artificial General Intelligence Research?
In recent years, a trend in AI research has started to pursue human-level, general artificial intelli-gence (AGI). Although the AGI framework is characterised by different viewpoints on what intelligence is and how to implement it in artificial systems, it conceptualises intelligence as flexible, general-purposed, and capable of self-adapting to different contexts and tasks. Two important ques-tions remain open: a) should AGI projects simu-late the biological, neural, and cognitive mecha-nisms realising the human intelligent behaviour? and b) what is the relationship, if any, between the concept of general intelligence adopted by AGI and that adopted by psychometricians, i.e., the g factor? In this paper, we address these ques-tions and invite researchers in AI to open a dis-cussion on the theoretical conceptions and practi-cal purposes of the AGI approach
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Computational Psychometrics for Item-based Computerized Adaptive Learning
With advances in computer technology and expanded access to educational data, psychometrics faces new opportunities and challenges for enhancing pattern discovery and decision-making in testing and learning. In this dissertation, I introduced three computational psychometrics studies for solving the technical problems in item-based computerized adaptive learning (CAL) systems related to dynamic measurement, diagnosis, and recommendation based on Bayesian item response theory (IRT).
For the first study, I introduced a new knowledge tracing (KT) model, dynamic IRT (DIRT), which can iteratively update the posterior distribution of latent ability based on moment match approximation and capture the uncertainty of ability change during the learning process. For dynamic measurement, DIRT has advantages in interpretation, flexibility, computation cost, and implementability. For the second study, A new measurement model, named multilevel and multidimensional item response theory with Q matrix (MMIRT-Q), was proposed to provide fine-grained diagnostic feedback. I introduced sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) for online estimation of latent abilities.
For the third study, I proposed the maximum expected ratio of posterior variance reduction criterion (MERPV) for testing purposes and the maximum expected improvement in posterior mean (MEIPM) criterion for learning purposes under the unified framework of IRT. With these computational psychometrics solutions, we can improve the studentsâ learning and testing experience with accurate psychometrics measurement, timely diagnosis feedback, and efficient item selection
The Borrowers: Researching the cognitive aspects of translation
The paper considers the interdisciplinary interaction of research on the cognitive aspects of translation. Examples of influence from linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, reading and writing research and language technology are given, with examples from specific sub-disciplines within each one. The breadth of borrowing by researchers in cognitive translatology is made apparent, but the minimal influence of cognitive translatology on the respective disciplines themselves is also highlighted. Suggestions for future developments are made, including ways in which the domain of cognitive translatology might exert greater influence on other disciplines
Network Psychometrics
This chapter provides a general introduction of network modeling in
psychometrics. The chapter starts with an introduction to the statistical model
formulation of pairwise Markov random fields (PMRF), followed by an
introduction of the PMRF suitable for binary data: the Ising model. The Ising
model is a model used in ferromagnetism to explain phase transitions in a field
of particles. Following the description of the Ising model in statistical
physics, the chapter continues to show that the Ising model is closely related
to models used in psychometrics. The Ising model can be shown to be equivalent
to certain kinds of logistic regression models, loglinear models and
multi-dimensional item response theory (MIRT) models. The equivalence between
the Ising model and the MIRT model puts standard psychometrics in a new light
and leads to a strikingly different interpretation of well-known latent
variable models. The chapter gives an overview of methods that can be used to
estimate the Ising model, and concludes with a discussion on the interpretation
of latent variables given the equivalence between the Ising model and MIRT.Comment: In Irwing, P., Hughes, D., and Booth, T. (2018). The Wiley Handbook
of Psychometric Testing, 2 Volume Set: A Multidisciplinary Reference on
Survey, Scale and Test Development. New York: Wile
Recognising Multidimensional Euclidean Preferences
Euclidean preferences are a widely studied preference model, in which
decision makers and alternatives are embedded in d-dimensional Euclidean space.
Decision makers prefer those alternatives closer to them. This model, also
known as multidimensional unfolding, has applications in economics,
psychometrics, marketing, and many other fields. We study the problem of
deciding whether a given preference profile is d-Euclidean. For the
one-dimensional case, polynomial-time algorithms are known. We show that, in
contrast, for every other fixed dimension d > 1, the recognition problem is
equivalent to the existential theory of the reals (ETR), and so in particular
NP-hard. We further show that some Euclidean preference profiles require
exponentially many bits in order to specify any Euclidean embedding, and prove
that the domain of d-Euclidean preferences does not admit a finite forbidden
minor characterisation for any d > 1. We also study dichotomous preferencesand
the behaviour of other metrics, and survey a variety of related work.Comment: 17 page
Origins of Modern Data Analysis Linked to the Beginnings and Early Development of Computer Science and Information Engineering
The history of data analysis that is addressed here is underpinned by two
themes, -- those of tabular data analysis, and the analysis of collected
heterogeneous data. "Exploratory data analysis" is taken as the heuristic
approach that begins with data and information and seeks underlying explanation
for what is observed or measured. I also cover some of the evolving context of
research and applications, including scholarly publishing, technology transfer
and the economic relationship of the university to society.Comment: 26 page
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Can Machine Intelligence be Measured in the Same Way as Human intelligence?
In recent years the number of research projects on computer programs solving human intelligence problems in artificial intelligence (AI), artificial general intelligence, as well as in Cognitive Modelling, has significantly grown. One reason could be the interest of such problems as benchmarks for AI algorithms. Another, more fundamental, motivation behind this area of research might be the (implicit) assumption that a computer program that successfully can solve human intelligence problems has human-level intelligence and vice versa. This paper analyses this assumption
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