18 research outputs found

    Application of network coding in satellite broadcast and multiple access channels

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    Satellite broadcasting and relaying capabilities enable mobile broadcast systems over wide geographical areas, which opens large market possibilities for handheld, vehicular and fixed user terminals. The geostationary (GEO) satellite orbit is highly suited for such applications, as it spares the need for satellite terminals to track the movement of the spacecraft, with important savings in terms of complexity and cost. The large radius of the GEO orbit (more than 40000 km) has two main drawbacks. One is the large free space loss experienced by a signal traveling to or from the satellite, which limits the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margins in the link budget with respect to terrestrial systems. The second drawback of the GEO orbit is the large propagation delay (about 250 msec) that limits the use of feedback in both the forward (satellite to satellite terminal) and the reverse (satellite terminal to satellite) link. The limited margin protection causes loss of service availability in environments where there is no direct line of sight to the satellite, such as urban areas. The large propagation delay on its turn, together with the large terminal population size usually served by a GEO satellite, limit the use of feedback, which is at the basis of error-control. In the reverse link, especially in the case of fixed terminals, packet losses are mainly due to collisions, that severely limit the access to satellite services in case a random access scheme is adopted. The need for improvements and further understanding of these setups lead to the development of our work. In this dissertation we study the application of network coding to counteract the above mentioned channel impairments in satellite systems. The idea of using network coding stems from the fact that it allows to efficiently exploit the diversity, either temporal or spatial, present in the system. In the following we outline the original contributions included in each of the chapters of the dissertation. Chapter 3. This chapter deals with channel impairments in the forward link, and specifically with the problem of missing coverage in Urban environments for land mobile satellite (LMS) networks. By applying the Max-flow Min-cut theorem we derive a lower bound on the maximum coverage that can be achieved through cooperation. Inspired by this result, we propose a practical scheme, keeping in mind the compatibility with the DVB-SH standard. We developed a simulator in Matlab/C++ based on the physical layer abstraction and used it to test the performance gain of our scheme with a benchmark relaying scheme that does allow coding at packet level. Chapter 4. The second chapter of contributions is devoted to the information theoretical study of real-time streaming transmissions over fading channels with channel state information at the transmitter only. We introduce this new channel model and propose several transmission schemes, one of which is proved to be asymptotically optimal in terms of throughput. We also provide an upper bound on the achievable throughput for the proposed channel model and compare it numerically with the proposed schemes over a Rayleigh fading channel. Chapter 5. Chapter 5 is devoted to the study of throughput and delay in non-real-time streaming transmission over block fading channels. We derive bounds on the throughput and the delay for this channel and propose different coding techniques based on time-sharing. For each of them we carry out an analytical study of the performance. Finally, we compare numerically the performance of the proposed schemes over a Rayleigh fading channel. Chapter 6. In the last technical chapter we propose a collision resolution method for the return link based on physical layer network coding over extended Galois field (EGF). The proposed scheme extracts information from the colliding signals and achieves important gains with respect to Slotted ALOHA systems as well as with respect to other collision resolution schemes.Una de les caracter铆stiques mes importants de les plataformes de comunicacions per sat猫l.lit 茅s la seva capacitat de retransmetre senyals rebuts a un gran n煤mero de terminals. Aix貌 es fonamental en contextes com la difusi贸 a terminals m貌bils o la comunicaci贸 entre m脿quines. Al mateix temps, la disponibilitat d鈥檜n canal de retorn permet la creaci贸 de sistemes de comunicacions per sat猫l.lit interactius que, en principi, poden arribar a qualsevol punt del planeta. Els sat猫l.lits Geoestacionaris son particularment adequats per a complir amb aquesta tasca. Aquest tipus de sat猫l.lits mant茅 una posici贸 fixa respecte a la Terra, estalviant als terminals terrestres la necessitat de seguir el seu moviment en el cel. Per altra banda, la gran dist脿ncia que separa la Terra dels sat猫l.lits Geoestacionaris introdueix grans retrassos en les comunicacions que, afegit al gran n煤mero de terminals en servei, limita l鈥櫭簊 de t猫cniques de retransmissi贸 basades en acknowledgments en cas de p猫rdua de paquets. Per tal de sol.lucionar el problema de la p猫rdua de paquets, les t猫cniques m茅s utilitzades son el desplegament de repetidors terrestres, anomenats gap fillers, l鈥櫭簊 de codis de protecci贸 a nivell de paquet i mecanismes proactius de resoluci贸 de col.lisions en el canal de retorn. En aquesta tesi s鈥檃nalitzen i s鈥檈studien sol.lucions a problemes en la comunicaci贸 per sat猫l.lit tant en el canal de baixada com el de pujada. En concret, es consideren tres escenaris diferents. El primer escenari es la transmissi贸 a grans poblacions de terminals m貌bils en enorns urbans, que es veuen particularment afectats per la p猫rdua de paquets degut a l鈥檕bstrucci贸, per part dels edificis, de la l铆nia de visi贸 amb el sat猫l.lit. La sol.luci贸 que considerem consisteix en la utilitzaci贸 de la cooperaci贸 entre terminals. Una vegada obtinguda una mesura del guany que es pot assolir mitjan莽ant cooperaci贸 en un model b脿sic de xarxa, a trav茅s del teorema Max-flow Min-cut, proposem un esquema de cooperaci贸 compatible amb est脿ndards de comunicaci贸 existents. El segon escenari que considerem es la transmissi贸 de v铆deo, un tipus de tr脿fic particularment sensible a la p猫rdua de paquets i retards end貌gens als sistemes de comunicaci贸 per sat猫l.lit. Considerem els casos de transmissi贸 en temps real i en diferit, des de la perspectiva de teoria de la informaci贸, i estudiem diferents t猫cniques de codificaci贸 anal铆tica i num猫rica. Un dels resultats principals obtinguts es l鈥檈xtensi贸 del l铆mit assolible de la capacitat erg貌dica del canal en cas que el transmissor rebi les dades de manera gradual, enlloc de rebre-les totes a l鈥檌nici de la transmissi贸. El tercer escenari que considerem es l鈥檃cc茅s aleatori al sat猫l.lit. Desenvolupem un esquema de recuperaci贸 dels paquets perduts basat en la codificaci贸 de xarxa a nivell f铆sic i en extensions a camps de Galois, amb resultats molt prometedors en termes de rendiment. Tamb茅 estudiem aspectes relacionats amb la implementaci贸 pr脿ctica d鈥檃quest esquema
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