Adaptation, translation, and validation of information literacy assessment instrument

The assessment of information literacy (IL) at the school level is mainly dependent on the measurement tools developed by the Western world. These tools need to be efficiently adapted and in most cases translated to allow them to be utilized in other cultures, languages, and countries. To date, there have been no standard guidelines to adapt these tools; hence, the results may be cross-culturally generalized to a certain extent. Furthermore, most data analyses produce generic outcomes without taking into account the ability of the students, including the difficulty of the test items. The present study proposes a systematic approach for context adaptation and language translation of the preexisting IL assessment tool known as TRAILS-9 to be used in different languages and context, particularly a Malaysian public secondary school. This study further administers a less common psychometric approach, the Rasch analysis, to validate the adapted instrument. This technique produces a hierarchy of item difficulty within the assessment domain that enables the ability level of the students to be differentiated based on item difficulty. The recommended scale adaptation guidelines are able to reduce the misinterpretation of scores from instruments in multiple languages as well as contribute to parallel development of IL assessment among secondary school students from different populations

Análise das propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa de um instrumento de avaliação de e-Literacia em Saúde

Contexto: As fontes de informação eletrónica assumem um papel primordial nos contextos de informação em saúde, tornando-se fontes privilegiadas para toda a população, sobretudo adolescentes. Objetivos: Validar a eHealth Literacy Scale para a população portuguesa; conhecer os níveis de e-literacia eletrónica nos adolescentes, bem como a sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivocorrelacional, retrospetivo e transversal, utilizando uma amostra não probabilística de 1215 adolescentes. Resultados: A escala apresenta bons valores de consistência interna, bem como correlação entre todos os itens, maioritariamente moderada e estatisticamente muito significativa. Foram encontradas diferenças nalguns itens entre rapazes e raparigas. Adolescentes em anos de escolaridade mais avançados reconheceram não saber onde encontrar recursos sobre saúde na internet, em relação aos que frequentam níveis de escolaridade inferior. Conclusão: Os adolescentes da amostra apresentam bons níveis de e-literacia em saúde. Incluir o desenvolvimento desta literacia nos programas de saúde escolar, permitirá aos jovens adquirir as competências necessárias para uma boa tomada de decisão e promover a saúde no futuro.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cultural adaptation to Brazil of the questionnaire Costs of caring for children with cancer.

Objectiveto present the cultural adaptation of the questionnaire Costs of caring for children with cancer, offering a valid and reliable tool to assess the economic repercussions of childhood cancer for Brazilian families.Methodit is a methodological research with a cross-sectional design. The methodological framework to validate the questionnaire was a combined process that included seven steps: translation to Portuguese; first translated consensus version; evaluation by Expert Committee; consensus on the Expert Committee version; back-translation; consensus of back-translated versions; semantic validation. The study was conducted in two phases: phase one was the translation and back-translations process, with five expert committee members. Phase two was the semantic validation, with 24 participants, who answered an instrument about their impressions of the questionnaire and suggested modifications.Resultsin phase one, items were included, excluded, and replaced to make the content equivalent and valid for use with Brazilian context. In phase two, the majority of the participants were mothers, who made suggestions about the relevance and clarity of the items in the questionnaire.Conclusionsthe authors discussed these recommendations and made adaptations, turning the questionnaire into a valid and reliable tool for application

Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Inventory of Reading Occupations-Adult into Filipino and its Content Validation

Background: Adult functional literacy ensures adequate and safe engagement in daily activities. It is assessed through the Inventory of Reading Occupations-Adult (IRO-A). The instrument underwent translation with cultural adaptation and content validation to ensure relevance to the Filipino context. Method: The translation and cultural adaptation of the IRO-A to Filipino (Fil IRO-A) was guided by the process proposed by two international guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations that involves (a) forward translation and synthesis, (b) back translation, and (c) pre-panel review of the adaptation to the Filipino context. The Fil IRO-A also underwent content validation by seven experts. Item and scale content validity indices (I-CVI/S-CVI) were calculated. Qualitative feedback was summarized. Results: Eighteen out of the 22 items were further revised after the initial translation to consider the original construct, appropriateness to the Filipino culture, and comprehensibility to the target audience. Content experts rated 15 items (68%) as acceptable to highly relevant and seven items (32%) as less relevant. The probability of chance agreement for most of the items is small (.008 – 0.164). Nineteen of the 22 items were good to excellent using the kappa values. No items were discarded. Nine were retained while 13 were further revised. Conclusion: Experts agree that the Filipino IRO-A is valid for assessing the functional literacy of Filipino adults. Further validation study is needed to assess its use in determining reading participation

A systematic review of cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of oral health literacy tools

The aims of this systematic review were to critically appraise the quality of the crosscultural adaptation and the psychometric properties of the translated versions of oral health literacy assessment tools. CINAHL (EBSCO), Medline (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), and ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis were searched systematically. Studies focusing on cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of oral health literacy tools were included. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed according to the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Sixteen oral health literacy instruments in 11 different languages were included in this systematic review. However, only seven instruments met the criteria for an accurate cross-cultural adaptation process, while the remaining tools failed to meet at least one criterion for suitable quality of cross-cultural adaptation process. None of the studies evaluated all the aspects of psychometric properties. Most of the studies reported internal consistency, reliability, structural validity, and construct validity. Despite adequate ratings for some reported psychometric properties, the methodological quality of studies on translated versions of oral health literacy tools was mostly doubtful to inadequate. Researchers and clinicians should follow standard guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation and assess all aspects of psychometric properties for using oral health literacy tools in cross-cultural settings

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Instrument (FCCHL-SR) for Diabetic Patients in Serbia

Thoroughly validated instruments can provide a more accurate and reliable picture of how the instrument works and of the level of health literacy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present work aimed at cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Instrument (FCCHL) in patients with T2DM in Serbia. After translation and back-translation, views from an expert group, one cognitive interview study (n = 10) and one survey study (n = 130) were conducted among samples of diabetic patients. Item analysis, internal consistency, content validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability testing were performed. When all 14 items were analyzed, loading factors were above 0.55, but without adequate model fit. After removing two items with the lowest loadings FHL1 and IHL2 the fit indexes indicated a reasonable normed χ2 (SB scaled χ2/df = 1.90). CFI was 0.916 with SRMR = 0.0676 and RMSEA = 0.0831. To determine internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.796 for the whole FCCHL-SR12. With only minor modifications compared to the English version, the 12-item FCCHL instrument is valid and reliable and can be used to measure health literacy among Serbian diabetic patients. However, future research on a larger population in Serbia is necessary for measuring the levels of HL and their relationship with other determinants in this country

Adapting health behavior measurement tools for cross-cultural use

Background: Addressing health disparities in the global community requires awareness of how cultural differences in beliefs, traditions, norms, and values shape health problems and behaviors. Review: This paper reviews methods of assessing health behaviors, how these assessments may be affected by cross-cultural differences, and methods of adaptation of health behaviors across cultures. We describe the methods used in appropriate translation processes and pilot-testing for health behavior assessment tools. We also discuss ways to limit literacy demands and incorporate qualitative interviews

Multilingual assessment of early child development: Analyses from repeated observations of children in Kenya.

In many low- and middle-income countries, young children learn a mother tongue or indigenous language at home before entering the formal education system where they will need to understand and speak a countrys official language(s). Thus, assessments of children before school age, conducted in a nations official language, may not fully reflect a childs development, underscoring the importance of test translation and adaptation. To examine differences in vocabulary development by language of assessment, we adapted and validated instruments to measure developmental outcomes, including expressive and receptive vocabulary. We assessed 505 2-to-6-year-old children in rural communities in Western Kenya with comparable vocabulary tests in three languages: Luo (the local language or mother tongue), Swahili, and English (official languages) at two time points, 5-6 weeks apart, between September 2015 and October 2016. Younger children responded to the expressive vocabulary measure exclusively in Luo (44%-59% of 2-to-4-year-olds) much more frequently than did older children (20%-21% of 5-to-6-year-olds). Baseline receptive vocabulary scores in Luo (β = 0.26, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001) and Swahili (β = 0.10, SE = 0.05, p = 0.032) were strongly associated with receptive vocabulary in English at follow-up, even after controlling for English vocabulary at baseline. Parental Luo literacy at baseline (β = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.045) was associated with child English vocabulary at follow-up, while parental English literacy at baseline was not. Our findings suggest that multilingual testing is essential to understanding the developmental environment and cognitive growth of multilingual children

Croatian Translation and Linguistic Adaptation of the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish Adults (SAHLSA-50)

Introduction: Population needs health literacy (HL) in order to understand health-related topics. Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish Adults (SAHLSA-50) could be a high-quality tool for assessing HL in adults. Unlike questionnaires in the English language, which are not easily modifiable for Croatian, translation of SAHLSA-50 from Spanish into Croatian could be an appropriate choice. There are no similar questionnaires to assess HL in Croatian to date. Aim: To translate SAHLSA-50 into Croatian using a validated procedure and to adapt it linguistically, so that it could be used in the Croatian-speaking area to measure HL in the Croatian population. Material and Methods: SAHLSA was developed for the Spanish-speaking population by Lee et al. It consists of 50 items and is based on multiple choice questions. A score between 0 and 37 suggests that the respondent has inadequate HL. After the protocolized translation process (translation/back-translation), the final version of the Croatian translation of SAHLSA-50 was produced, after we introduced several changes that do not represent a direct translation of the Spanish items. Most of the changes were made because of a cultural difference in common use or in the meaning of the term. Conclusion: SAHLSA-50 was translated and adapted into Croatian using the standard translation/back-translation procedure. The Croatian version will now be available as an important part of epidemiological and clinical studies, as a useful tool for evaluating the levels of HL in the Croatian-speaking population. Validation of the translated Croatian version in practice would be the next step. (Berlančić T, Kuharić M, Janković D, Milić J, Badak K, Zibar L. Croatian Translation and Linguistic Adaptation of the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish Adults (SAHLSA-50). SEEMEDJ 2020; 4(2); 121-128

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Clear Communication Index to Brazilian Portuguese

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Clear Communication Index instrument from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-CCI) from English to Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: This study comprised initial discussion about the conceptual equivalence of the instrument by a committee formed by experts on health education. We performed translations, synthesis of translations, back-translations, revision by the committee, and linguistic revision. Semantic equivalence was obtained by analyzing the referential and general meaning of each item by the committee, resulting in a pre-final version of the instrument. Subsequently, thirty professionals with health sciences degrees performed a pre-test. These professionals used the pre-final version of the instrument to assess a health education material. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the acceptability of the instrument, the understanding of each of the 20 items, as well as the individual and professional variables. We analyzed the scores attributed to the health education material, the variables related to healthcare professionals, the proportions of the acceptability of the instrument, and the comprehension of each item. RESULTS: After we obtained the conceptual equivalence of the instrument, the committee of experts, the instrument’s main author, and the linguist produced the pre-final version using two translations, a synthesis of the translations, and two back-translations. A general equivalence was maintained in 15 of the 20 items (75%), four of the items were slightly altered (20%), and one item was very altered (5%). Nineteen items presented referential equivalence or near equivalence (95%). We then carried out with the pre-test, in which the professionals used the pre-final version. Two items in the domains of “risks” and “main message” were unclear and needed to be revised. CONCLUSION: The process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Clear Communication Index provided an adapted version to the Brazilian Portuguese language