1 A Performance Comparison Study of Ad Hoc Wireless Multicast Protocols

Abstract—In this paper we investigate the performance of multicast routing protocols in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. An ad hoc network is composed of mobile nodes without the presence of a wired support infrastructure. In this environment, routing/multicasting protocols are faced with the challenge of producing multihop routes under host mobility and bandwidth constraints. In recent years, a number of new multicast protocols of different styles have been proposed for ad hoc networks. However, systematic performance evaluations and comparative analysis of these protocols in a common realistic environment has not yet been performed. In this study, we simulate a set of representative wireless ad hoc multicast protocols and evaluate them in various network scenarios. The relative strengths, weaknesses, and applicability of each multicast protocol to diverse situations are studied and discussed. I

Towards Realistic Performance Evaluation of Delay Tolerant Network

Abstract: -Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a type of wireless ad hoc network in which route is established between a pair of nodes in spite of having long delays and frequent route ruptures. To ensure successful communication in such an environment a robust routing protocol is used the performance of which depends upon various factors such as transmission range, processing capability, transmission delays, bandwidth and the environment. Many researchers have evaluated the performance of routing protocol in an idealistic environment and only few have made an effort to evaluate its performance for realistic environment. This paper is an effort to evaluate the efficacy of DTN in realistic as well as idealistic conditions by designing a simulator in MATLAB-7.0. To make the scenario realistic, obstacles of different shapes, types and numbers were introduced in the simulation region. The results show that the performance of routing protocol vary significantly by changing the environment i.e. the results for idealistic scenario cannot be applied for realistic scenario

Beaconless Packet Forwarding Approach for Vehicular Urban Environment

Existing wireless technologies provide communication and information services to all fields of life. The one of the emerging and popular field is vehicular ad hoc networks, with its unique characteristics and highly mobile environment. Different types of routing protocols have been proposed to address the routing issues in network and one of the most efficient types is geographical routing. In this type of protocols, the beacon messages are using to update the node locations and positions. However, these protoocls have been suffered with high channel congestion issue in the network. To this end, we propose a beaconless packet forwarding strategy based on modified handshake messages mechanism. The protocol uses some realistic metrics to select the next forwarder node such as forward progresss and link quality. The protocol performance is evaluated with existing beacon and beaconless geographical routing protocols. The simulation results showed the better performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delay and data delivery ratio in realistic wireless channel conditions

Beaconless Packet Forwarding Approach for Vehicular Urban Environment

Existing wireless technologies provide communication and information services to all fields of life. The one of the emerging and popular field is vehicular ad hoc networks, with its unique characteristics and highly mobile environment. Different types of routing protocols have been proposed to address the routing issues in network and one of the most efficient types is geographical routing. In this type of protocols, the beacon messages are using to update the node locations and positions. However, these protoocls have been suffered with high channel congestion issue in the network. To this end, we propose a beaconless packet forwarding strategy based on modified handshake messages mechanism. The protocol uses some realistic metrics to select the next forwarder node such as forward progresss and link quality. The protocol performance is evaluated with existing beacon and beaconless geographical routing protocols. The simulation results showed the better performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delay and data delivery ratio in realistic wireless channel conditions

Study of Obstacle effect on the GPSR protocol and a Novel Intelligent Greedy Routing protocol for VANETs

In recent years, connected vehicle technologies have been developed by automotive companies, academia, and researchers as part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This group of stakeholders continue to work on these technologies to make them as reliable and cost-effective as possible. This attention is because of the increasing connected vehicles safety-related, entertainment, and traffic management applications, which have the potential to decrease the number of road accidents, save fuel and time for millions of daily commuters worldwide. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), which is a subgroup of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET), is being developed and implemented in vehicles as the critical structure for connected vehicles applications. VANET provides a promising concept to reduce the number of fatalities caused by road accidents, to improve traffic efficiency, and to provide infotainment. To support the increasing number of safety-related applications, VANETs are required to perform reliably. Since VANETs promise numerous safety applications requiring time-bound delivery of data packets, it is also necessary to replicate real-world scenarios in simulations as accurately as possible. Taking into account the effect of realistic obstacles while simulating a variety of case scenarios increases the reliability of the tested routing protocol to appropriately perform in real-world situations. It also exposes routing protocols to possible vulnerabilities caused by obstacles. Nevertheless, it is not uncommon for researchers to omit real-world physical layer communication hurdles in simulation-based tests, including not considering the effect of obstacles on their routing protocol performance evaluation simulations. Consequently, the performance of these protocols is usually overestimated and do not support in real-world environment. Failure to account for obstacle effects overstate the network performance. In this thesis, a framework for measuring obstacle effects on routing protocols is defined. We also propose, a new routing protocol based on the traditional Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol called Intelligent Greedy Routing (IGR) protocol. The proposed IGR protocol considers a parameter called $Receptivity$ to chose the next hop in a route. We implemented the new protocol using the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) and the Network Simulator (NS-3). An analysis of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-to-End Delay (E2ED) and Mean Hop count with the assumption that nodes (vehicles) are moving in various topologies is presented in this thesis. The study presented here gives a general idea of the effects of obstacles on the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol considering multiple realistic scenarios such as Urban, Residential and Highway. In addition, we compare the performance of GPSR and the new IGR protocols with the presence of obstacles considering various topologies. The new proposed IGR protocol performs better compared to the traditional GPSR for all the investigated metrics

OBPF: Opportunistic Beaconless Packet Forwarding Strategy for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

[EN] In a vehicular ad hoc network, the communication links are unsteady due to the rapidly changing topology, high mobility and traffic density in the urban environment. Most of the existing geographical routing protocols rely on the continuous transmission of beacon messages to update the neighbors' presence, leading to network congestion. Source-based approaches have been proven to be inefficient in the inherently unstable network. To this end, we propose an opportunistic beaconless packet forwarding approach based on a modified handshake mechanism for the urban vehicular environment. The protocol acts differently between intersections and at the intersection to find the next forwarder node toward the destination. The modified handshake mechanism contains link quality, forward progress and directional greedy metrics to determine the best relay node in the network. After designing the protocol, we compared its performance with existing routing protocols. The simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delay and data delivery ratio in realistic wireless channel conditions.The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this research. The research is supported by Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) and conducted in collaboration with Research Management Center (RMC) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) under VOT NUMBER: QJ130000.2528.06H00.Qureshi, KN.; Abdullah, AH.; Lloret, J.; Altameem, A. (2016). OBPF: Opportunistic Beaconless Packet Forwarding Strategy for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems. 10(5):2144-2165. https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2016.05.011S2144216510

AMADEOS outil de création de scénarii réalistes dans les réseaux ad hoc mobiles

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have become a lively field in the past few years. This thesis presents a tool to generate realistic mobility traces for MANET simulations. A new java-based mobility module named AMADEOS (A dvanced M obility Model in AD hoc NE twO rkS ) was developed as an extension for the CANUmobisim framework, a powerful mobility trace generator. AMADEOS makes it easy and fast to generate realistic mobility. It allows the editing of spatial environments with polygonal obstacles to be used within simulations. It also allows visualizing an animation of the generated mobility traces. To model mobility for simulation environments with obstacles, a new mobility model was created. A new propagation model based on ray tracing was also implemented as part of AMADEOS. This propagation model takes into account the obstacles in the environment. Our study ends with a re-evaluation of the well-known AODV routing protocol in some realistic scenarios. The results have shown up significant changes in protocol performance in such realistic scenarios."--résumé abrégé par UMI