26 research outputs found
Submodularity of Energy Related Controllability Metrics
The quantification of controllability and observability has recently received
new interest in the context of large, complex networks of dynamical systems. A
fundamental but computationally difficult problem is the placement or selection
of actuators and sensors that optimize real-valued controllability and
observability metrics of the network. We show that several classes of energy
related metrics associated with the controllability Gramian in linear dynamical
systems have a strong structural property, called submodularity. This property
allows for an approximation guarantee by using a simple greedy heuristic for
their maximization. The results are illustrated for randomly generated systems
and for placement of power electronic actuators in a model of the European
power grid.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures; submitted to the 2014 IEEE Conference on Decision
and Contro
On Submodularity and Controllability in Complex Dynamical Networks
Controllability and observability have long been recognized as fundamental
structural properties of dynamical systems, but have recently seen renewed
interest in the context of large, complex networks of dynamical systems. A
basic problem is sensor and actuator placement: choose a subset from a finite
set of possible placements to optimize some real-valued controllability and
observability metrics of the network. Surprisingly little is known about the
structure of such combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we show
that several important classes of metrics based on the controllability and
observability Gramians have a strong structural property that allows for either
efficient global optimization or an approximation guarantee by using a simple
greedy heuristic for their maximization. In particular, the mapping from
possible placements to several scalar functions of the associated Gramian is
either a modular or submodular set function. The results are illustrated on
randomly generated systems and on a problem of power electronic actuator
placement in a model of the European power grid.Comment: Original arXiv version of IEEE Transactions on Control of Network
Systems paper (Volume 3, Issue 1), with a addendum (located in the ancillary
documents) that explains an error in a proof of the original paper and
provides a counterexample to the corresponding resul
Fault-tolerant wide-area control of power systems
In this thesis, the stability and performance of closed-loop systems
following the loss of sensors or feedback signals (sensor faults) are
studied. The objective is to guarantee stability in the face of sensor
faults while optimising performance under nominal (no sensor fault)
condition. One of the main contributions of this work is to deal effectively
with the combinatorial binary nature of the problem when
the number of sensors is large. Several fault-tolerant controller and
observer architectures that are suitable for different applications are
proposed and their effectiveness demonstrated. The problems are formulated
in terms of the existence of feasible solutions to linear matrix
inequalities. The formulations presented in this work are described
in a general form and can be applied to a large class of systems. In
particular, the use of fault-tolerant architectures for damping inter-area
oscillations in power systems using wide-area signals has been
demonstrated. As an extension of the proposed formulations, regional
pole placement to enhance the damping of inter-area modes has been
incorporated. The objective is to achieve specified damping ratios
for the inter-area modes and maximise the closed-loop performance
under nominal condition while guaranteeing stability for all possible
combinations of sensors faults. The performances of the proposed
fault-tolerant architectures are validated through extensive nonlinear
simulations using a simplified equivalent model of the Nordic power
system.Open Acces
Advances and Trends in Mathematical Modelling, Control and Identification of Vibrating Systems
This book introduces novel results on mathematical modelling, parameter identification, and automatic control for a wide range of applications of mechanical, electric, and mechatronic systems, where undesirable oscillations or vibrations are manifested. The six chapters of the book written by experts from international scientific community cover a wide range of interesting research topics related to: algebraic identification of rotordynamic parameters in rotor-bearing system using finite element models; model predictive control for active automotive suspension systems by means of hydraulic actuators; model-free data-driven-based control for a Voltage Source Converter-based Static Synchronous Compensator to improve the dynamic power grid performance under transient scenarios; an exact elasto-dynamics theory for bending vibrations for a class of flexible structures; motion profile tracking control and vibrating disturbance suppression for quadrotor aerial vehicles using artificial neural networks and particle swarm optimization; and multiple adaptive controllers based on B-Spline artificial neural networks for regulation and attenuation of low frequency oscillations for large-scale power systems. The book is addressed for both academic and industrial researchers and practitioners, as well as for postgraduate and undergraduate engineering students and other experts in a wide variety of disciplines seeking to know more about the advances and trends in mathematical modelling, control and identification of engineering systems in which undesirable oscillations or vibrations could be presented during their operation
Advancements in Real-Time Simulation of Power and Energy Systems
Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics
Wide-area monitoring and control of future smart grids
Application of wide-area monitoring and control for future smart grids with substantial
wind penetration and advanced network control options through FACTS and HVDC
(both point-to-point and multi-terminal) is the subject matter of this thesis.
For wide-area monitoring, a novel technique is proposed to characterize the system dynamic
response in near real-time in terms of not only damping and frequency but also
mode-shape, the latter being critical for corrective control action. Real-time simulation
in Opal-RT is carried out to illustrate the effectiveness and practical feasibility of the proposed
approach. Potential problem with wide-area closed-loop continuous control using
FACTS devices due to continuously time-varying latency is addressed through the proposed
modification of the traditional phasor POD concept introduced by ABB. Adverse
impact of limited bandwidth availability due to networked communication is established
and a solution using an observer at the PMU location has been demonstrated.
Impact of wind penetration on the system dynamic performance has been analyzed along
with effectiveness of damping control through proper coordination of wind farms and
HVDC links. For multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids the critical issue of autonomous
power sharing among the converter stations following a contingency (e.g. converter outage)
is addressed. Use of a power-voltage droop in the DC link voltage control loops
using remote voltage feedback is shown to yield proper distribution of power mismatch
according to the converter ratings while use of local voltages turns out to be unsatisfactory.
A novel scheme for adapting the droop coefficients to share the burden according
to the available headroom of each converter station is also studied.
The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is illustrated through detailed frequency
domain analysis and extensive time-domain simulation results on different test systems
SciTech News Volume 71, No. 3 (2017)
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