3,706 research outputs found
A Survey of hardware protection of design data for integrated circuits and intellectual properties
International audienceThis paper reviews the current situation regarding design protection in the microelectronics industry. Over the past ten years, the designers of integrated circuits and intellectual properties have faced increasing threats including counterfeiting, reverse-engineering and theft. This is now a critical issue for the microelectronics industry, mainly for fabless designers and intellectual properties designers. Coupled with increasing pressure to decrease the cost and increase the performance of integrated circuits, the design of a secure, efficient, lightweight protection scheme for design data is a serious challenge for the hardware security community. However, several published works propose different ways to protect design data including functional locking, hardware obfuscation, and IC/IP identification. This paper presents a survey of academic research on the protection of design data. It concludes with the need to design an efficient protection scheme based on several properties
Network-on-Chip
Limitations of bus-based interconnections related to scalability, latency, bandwidth, and power consumption for supporting the related huge number of on-chip resources result in a communication bottleneck. These challenges can be efficiently addressed with the implementation of a network-on-chip (NoC) system. This book gives a detailed analysis of various on-chip communication architectures and covers different areas of NoCs such as potentials, architecture, technical challenges, optimization, design explorations, and research directions. In addition, it discusses current and future trends that could make an impactful and meaningful contribution to the research and design of on-chip communications and NoC systems
Optical network technologies for future digital cinema
Digital technology has transformed the information flow and support infrastructure for numerous application domains, such as cellular communications. Cinematography, traditionally, a film based medium, has embraced digital technology leading to innovative transformations in its work flow. Digital cinema supports transmission of high resolution content enabled by the latest advancements in optical communications and video compression. In this paper we provide a survey of the optical network technologies for supporting this bandwidth intensive traffic class. We also highlight the significance and benefits of the state of the art in optical technologies that support the digital cinema work flow
FPGA based Embedded System to control an electric vehicle and the driver assistance systems
This Master Thesis involves the development of an embedded system based on FPGA
for controlling an electric vehicle based on a Kart platform and its electronic driving
aids. It consists of two distinct stages in the process of hardware-software co-design,
hardware development, which includes all the elements of the periphery of the processor
and communication elements, all developed in VHDL. An important part of the hardware
development also include the development of electronic driving aids, which include traction
control and torque vectoring differential gear, in hardware coprocessors, also writen in
VHDL. The other part of the co-design is the development of the control software, which
is going to be executed by the embedded system’s processor. This Master Thesis will be
used in a range of new electric vehicles that will be built in a near future and also gives
the base for future thesis in the fields of automotive, electronics and computing
N-variant Hardware Design
The emergence of lightweight embedded devices imposes stringent constraints on
the area and power of the circuits used to construct them. Meanwhile, many of
these embedded devices are used in applications that require diversity and flexibility
to make them secure and adaptable to the fluctuating workload or variable fabric.
While field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide high flexibility, the use of
application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to implement such devices is more
appealing because ASICs can currently provide an order of magnitude less area and
better performance in terms of power and speed. My proposed research introduces the
N-variant hardware design methodology that adds the sufficient flexibility needed by
such devices while preserving the performance and area advantages of using ASICs.
The N-variant hardware design embeds different variants of the design control
part on the same IC to provide diversity and flexibility. Because the control circuitry
usually represents a small fraction of the whole circuit, using multiple versions of the
control circuitry is expected to have a low overhead. The objective of my thesis is to
formulate a method that provides the following advantages: (i) ease of integration in
the current ASIC design flow, (ii) minimal impact on the performance and area of the
ASIC design, and (iii) providing a wide range of applications for hardware security
and tuning the performance of chips either statically (e.g., post-silicon optimization)
or dynamically (at runtime). This is achieved by adding diversity at two orthogonal
levels: (i) state space diversity, and (ii) scheduling diversity. State space diversity
expands the state space of the controller. Using state space diversity, we introduce
an authentication mechanism and the first active hardware metering schemes. On the
other hand, scheduling diversity is achieved by embedding different control schedules
in the same design. The scheduling diversity can be spatial, temporal, or a hybrid
of both methods. Spatial diversity is achieved by implementing multiple control
schedules that use various parts of the chip at different rates. Temporal diversity
provides variants of the controller that can operate at unequal speeds. A hybrid of
both spatial and temporal diversities can also be implemented. Scheduling diversity
is used to add the flexibility to tune the performance of the chip. An application
of the thermal management of the chip is demonstrated using scheduling diversity.
Experimental results show that the proposed method is easy to integrate in the current
ASIC flow, has a wide range of applications, and incurs low overhead
Building real-time embedded applications on QduinoMC: a web-connected 3D printer case study
Single Board Computers (SBCs) are now emerging
with multiple cores, ADCs, GPIOs, PWM channels, integrated
graphics, and several serial bus interfaces. The low power
consumption, small form factor and I/O interface capabilities of
SBCs with sensors and actuators makes them ideal in embedded
and real-time applications. However, most SBCs run non-realtime
operating systems based on Linux and Windows, and do
not provide a user-friendly API for application development. This
paper presents QduinoMC, a multicore extension to the popular
Arduino programming environment, which runs on the Quest
real-time operating system. QduinoMC is an extension of our earlier
single-core, real-time, multithreaded Qduino API. We show
the utility of QduinoMC by applying it to a specific application: a
web-connected 3D printer. This differs from existing 3D printers,
which run relatively simple firmware and lack operating system
support to spool multiple jobs, or interoperate with other devices
(e.g., in a print farm). We show how QduinoMC empowers devices with the capabilities to run new services without impacting their timing guarantees. While it is possible to modify existing operating systems to provide suitable timing guarantees, the effort to do so is cumbersome and does not provide the ease of programming afforded by QduinoMC.http://www.cs.bu.edu/fac/richwest/papers/rtas_2017.pdfAccepted manuscrip
Dual use intellectual property technology transfers under the scope of export controls
Mestrado em Gestão/MBAExistem diversas formas de transferir tecnologia e conhecimento, quer através de métodos tangíveis ou intangíveis. O conhecimento e a tecnologia a transferir poderá ser incorporado em bens, serviços, transmitido por pessoas e/ou através das organizações, sendo que poderá assim assumir diversas formas. A transferência poderá ser efectuada durante a formação, em qualquer fluxo de conhecimento tácito, através de transferências electrónicas, ou através de qualquer meio físico que armazene informação tangível ou intangível. Da mesma forma a própria transferência poderá ocurrer entre indivíduos e organizações, sendo que não está confinada às fronteiras de um país. O objectivo desta dissertação é de informar sobre os regimes de exportação existentes que se aplicam às transferências de tecnologia, informação e o conhecimento pelas entidades exportadoras e, ainda questionar, se as entidades que transferem tecnologia e informação relacionada, estão conscientes da necessidade de cumprir com as regras identificadas pelos vários regimes multilaterais de não proliferação.There are multiple ways of transferring technology and knowledge, either via tangible or intangible techniques. Knowledge and technology to be transferred can be embodied in goods, services, people, and organizations, and can assume several forms. It can also be passed on in training, any flow of tacit knowledge, any electronic transfer or any media that can store tangible or intangible information. The transfer itself can occur between individuals and organizations, and is not confined within the borders of any country. The aim of this dissertation is to raise questions about the knowledge by companies and other entities of the existing export regimes that apply to technology transfers and to inquire, at this point, if technology transferees are aware of the need to comply with the rules identified by the several non-proliferation multilateral regimes
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