Experiences of Sexual Health Literacy in Sexual Relationship among Female Adolescent Students with Unplanned Pregnancy: A Qualitative Stud

บทคัดย่อ วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่ออธิบายประสบการณ์ความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพทางเพศในความสัมพันธ์ทางเพศของนักเรียนวัยรุ่นหญิงที่ตั้งครรภ์โดยไม่ได้วางแผน วิธีการศึกษา: ในการศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพนี้ คัดเลือกผู้ให้ข้อมูลแบบเฉพาะเจาะจง จำนวน 20 คน ข้อมูลจึงอิ่มตัว มีอายุระหว่าง 14 - 19 ปี ซึ่งตั้งครรภ์ขณะกำลังศึกษาอยู่ในโรงเรียน เก็บข้อมูลที่แผนกฝากครรภ์ของโรงพยาบาลชุมชน ตั้งแต่เดือนพฤศจิกายน 2561 – มิถุนายน 2562 เก็บข้อมูลด้วยการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก โดยใช้แบบสัมภาษณ์กึ่งโครงสร้าง, บันทึกเทปการสัมภาษณ์, การสังเกตแบบไม่มีส่วนร่วม, และการจดบันทึกภาคสนาม ใช้การวิเคราะห์แก่นสาระตามแนวคิดของ Braun และ Clarke ผลการศึกษา: ประสบการณ์ความสัมพันธ์ทางเพศ สามารถจำแนกได้ 3 ประเด็นหลัก คือ 1) การคบหากับเพศตรงข้าม 2) สถานการณ์ที่นำไปสู่การยินยอมมีเพศสัมพันธ์ และ 3) การแสวงหาวิธีแก้ปัญหาหลังการมีเพศสัมพันธ์ สรุป: ประสบการณ์ความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพทางเพศในความสัมพันธ์ทางเพศของนักเรียนวัยรุ่นหญิงที่ตั้งครรภ์โดยไม่ได้วางแผนที่พบนี้สามารถนำไปใช้ให้ความรู้เพื่อป้องกันการมีเพศสัมพันธ์โดยไม่ได้วางแผนและการส่งเสริมการคุมกำเนิดที่เหมาะสม คำสำคัญ: นักเรียนวัยรุ่นหญิง, วิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ, ความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพทางเพศ, ความสัมพันธ์ทางเพศ, ตั้งครรภ์โดยไม่ได้วางแผน Abstract Objective: To describe the experiences of sexual health literacy in sexual relationship among female adolescent students with unplanned pregnancy. Method: In this qualitative study, 20 informants were purposively sampled and interviewed until the data were saturated. They were 14 - 19 years old and got pregnant while in school. The recruitment participants at Ante natal care department of the Community hospitals from November 2018 to June 2019. Data were collected through in-depth interviews by semi-structured interview guide using voice recorder, non-participant observations, and field note. Thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke was employed to analyze the data. Results: The experiences of sexual relationship could be categorized into 3 groups, 1) dating the opposite sex, 2) situations leading to consent to have sexual intercourse, and 3) seeking a solution after sex. Conclusion: Experiences of sexual health literacy among female adolescents with unplanned pregnancy were identified. They could be used in education to promote the unplanned sex prevention and the proper use of birth control. Keyword: female adolescent students, qualitative study, sexual health literacy, sexual relationship, unplanned pregnanc

Toward a Sustainable Leadership Model for Pastoral Leaders

Leadership is a dynamic process. Pastoral leadership, though often times rewarding, can also be challenging. Insofar as pastoral leaders are equipped and have the leadership agility and dexterity to effectively manage through the demands of their call, their emotional intelligence abilities and transformational leadership behaviors may prove invaluable when being leveraged toward mission effectiveness, funding, and volunteer involvement. Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership are viable constructs that serve as the conceptual frameworks for this research. Enabling pastoral leaders to enhance their leadership skill through the development of these respective constructs offers benefits to the pastoral leaders and the member constituents and communities they serve. The purpose of this study was to examine and better understand the relationship between the emotional intelligence abilities and transformational leadership behaviors of pastoral leaders and the subsequent linear correlation to pastoral leader’s effectiveness. Results indicated that no significant relationship was found between the identified characteristics of emotional intelligence abilities, transformational leadership behavior, and pastoral leader effectiveness. The primary aim of this research was to aid, inform, and improve those who serve as pastoral leaders toward the maximization of the respective mission of their respective organization. The population for this study (N = 267) was pastoral leaders from within the respective faith traditions of the various New Thought Christian movements and the Church of the Nazarene

AN EVALUATION OF CREST, A NIGHT HOSPITAL FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM DEMENTIA

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a night hospital nursing service for elderly people suffering from dementia; in particular, to establish the appropriateness of night support for this group and their carers. The study developed as a result of previous work that demonstrated that some carers requested "inpatient" admission for their relative/friend because of the stress of providing support and supervision at night. The research methods involved an evaluative structure - process - outcome, quality assurance and case study approach. An operational policy for the service was drawn up, as were nursing standards (process) . The service was evaluated over a two year period. Patient outcomes were measured using a visual analogue scale at intervals over six months to identify behavioural changes. Similarly, carers' feelings of anxiety and coping ability relating to their caring role were measured. Changes in patient behaviour and carer anxiety and felt ability to cope were analysed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test. Carers were interviewed to elicit the effects their relatives' attendance at CREST had on their day to day lives. Changes in the use of community care services as a result of CREST were also identified. The sample consisted of 38 patients and their informal carers. Nursing activity was observed using non-participant observation to establish both the type of activity and peak work load periods. The results demonstrate that CREST had a positive outcome in terms of supporting patients' carers and that patients' behaviour did not change significantly while attending the night hospital. This latter result has been interpreted as a positive outcome in that people suffering from dementia can be expected to deteriorate over time. In conclusion it is anticipated that the results of this study have significance for planning nursing services for the care group involved and should assist in identifying the number and grade of staff needed to deliver optimum care at night to elderly people with dementia. Recommendations for changes in the operational policy have been made which will assist managers in planning new services. The research suggests that new nursing services for this group in the health authority will be more closely related to the individual needs of patients and their carers than has been achieved hitherto. This strategy should lead to fewer patients needing long term in-patient care

The influences of the just-in-time social cloud on real world decisions

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-224).People have intertemporal biases towards choices that result in immediate gratification versus delayed rewards. The social context can accentuate or downplay preferences towards virtues or vices when making choices in the moment. Especially in our modern world where social networks are virtually accessible at anytime, from anywhere, how our day-today decisions are affected by the "always-on" connection to our social networks via mobile devices is an open question. By understanding the dimensions of these social forces, we can utilize the just-in-time social cloud to nudge people towards decisions that have long term benefits for health and finances, while counterbalancing the forces of the marketers that trigger our impulses towards immediate temptations that we may regret later. This work presents an empirical inquiry into the effect of just-in-time social influences in human decision-making. In order to understand these effects and discover their parameters, I design and deploy real-world experiments with the just-in-time social cloud using mobile phones as platforms for just-in-time social influence. The Open Transaction Network forms the basis of generating just-in-time social networks based on the transactions shared by people in the context of commerce. The Open Transaction Network is extended to several systems to conduct real-world experiments involving real choices. By augmenting mobile commerce applications with just-in-time social networks, I design a mobile commerce environment that can socially influence our just-in-time choices. The Open Credit Card Application Framework augments existing methods of payment by using transactions as triggers to enable mobile applications that facilitate just-in-time decisions or reflections. Friends within communities show significant similarity in their hourly transaction behaviors. Varying manifestations of the just-in-time social cloud (individual friends, groups of friends and popularity information) can be used to nudge people's choices in the dimensions of taste, price and time as they decide.by Kwan Hong Lee.Ph.D

“WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?” THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL MOTIVATORS ON ATTITUDES TOWARD STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE AND INTERPERSONAL FORGIVENESS

The goal of this research is to develop an interpersonal definition of forgiveness. The question asked by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1967 still remains: where do we go from here? Conflict is ubiquitous and systems for managing direct and structural violence are struggling to address issues like the police brutality experienced by African American populations or women’s lived experience of sexual abuse and harassment. Forgiveness can play a role in many conflicts, what can it do in these cases? From intractable global and political disputes to basic inter and intra-personal conflicts forgiveness and reconciliation projects have meant the difference between outcomes of persistent dysfunction and vulnerability, or resilience. Forgiveness has not been clearly defined, or predicted, and many questions about who forgives and how they forgive remain unanswered. This research examines hypotheses on personality type influencing individuals’ preferences for forgiveness. This research also examines hypotheses on social motivators influencing individuals’ preferences for forgiveness. Statistical analysis of participant responses is done to generate a functioning forgiveness typology with 10 distinct forgiveness types relating to specific preferences in attitudes and behaviors for forgiveness. Analysis identifies strong relationships with personality. Significant relationships between gender, race, religiosity, and conflict management styles are also identified. The results of participant responses and the findings on the relationships between personality and social motivators are applied to the contemporary #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo movements and their responses to structural violence. This dissertation successfully defines forgiveness in interpersonal terms and presents a forgiveness typology which aids in assessing responses to structural violence

Bosom Buddies: Factors Associated with Experiences of Passionate Friendship Among Men and Women

Scholars historically have separated friendships and romantic relationships into two qualitatively distinct relationship categories. Contemporary research examining passionate friendships, however, has identified qualities within platonic relationships that appear to mimic characteristics typically associated with romantic relationships. Primary critiques of the existing passionate friendship literature include exclusively examining females, including samples that predominately identified as lesbian, bisexual or questioning, and research utilizing solely qualitative designs. The current study used a quantitative design to investigate 375 emerging adults\u27 (18-26 years of age; 149 males, 226 females) friendship experiences. Specifically, four quasi-independent variables (i.e., biological sex, sexual orientation, gender-role orientation, and cross vs. same-sex dyads) were examined as factors associated with passionate friendship. Findings from this study indicated that both males and females experience passionate friendship, and that these experiences are not specific to individuals who identify as non-heterosexual. Additionally, results from this study shed light on the occurrence of passionate friendship experiences observed in both cross- and same-sex dyads. Characteristics of passionate friendships (e.g., levels of attachment, thought preoccupation, intensity of the relationship) were also examined using a newly created measure. Female participants and individuals whose closest friend was described a cross-sex friend scored higher on nearly every continuous scale of the designed measure. Additionally, sexual orientation and gender-role orientation yielded significant results on several of the identified subscales, with sexual-minority individuals and those who claimed androgynous or masculine gender-role orientation obtaining higher scores. Finally, predictability of passionate friendship occurrence was evaluated and indicated that passionate friendships may be predicted based on existing demographics or personality characteristics of an individual

Two-tier Intrusion Detection System for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Nowadays, a commonly used wireless network (i.e. Wi-Fi) operates with the aid of a fixed infrastructure (i.e. an access point) to facilitate communication between nodes when they roam from one location to another. The need for such a fixed supporting infrastructure limits the adaptability of the wireless network, especially in situations where the deployment of such an infrastructure is impractical. In addition, Wi-Fi limits nodes' communication as it only provides facility for mobile nodes to send and receive information, but not reroute the information across the network. Recent advancements in computer network introduced a new wireless network, known as a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), to overcome these limitations. MANET has a set of unique characteristics that make it different from other kind of wireless networks. Often referred as a peer to peer network, such a network does not have any fixed topology, thus nodes are free to roam anywhere, and could join or leave the network anytime they desire. Its ability to be setup without the need of any infrastructure is very useful, especially in geographically constrained environments such as in a military battlefield or a disaster relief operation. In addition, through its multi hop routing facility, each node could function as a router, thus communication between nodes could be made available without the need of a supporting fixed router or an access point. However, these handy facilities come with big challenges, especially in dealing with the security issues. This research aims to address MANET security issues by proposing a novel intrusion detection system that could be used to complement existing prevention mechanisms that have been proposed to secure such a network. A comprehensive analysis of attacks and the existing security measures proved that there is a need for an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to protect MANETs against security threats. The analysis also suggested that the existing IDS proposed for MANET are not immune against a colluding blackmail attack due to the nature of such a network that comprises autonomous and anonymous nodes. The IDS architecture as proposed in this study utilises trust relationships between nodes to overcome this nodes' anonymity issue. Through a friendship mechanism, the problems of false accusations and false alarms caused by blackmail attackers in global detection and response mechanisms could be eliminated. The applicability of the friendship concept as well as other proposed mechanisms to solve MANET IDS related issues have been validated through a set of simulation experiments. Several MANET settings, which differ from each other based on the network's density level, the number of initial trusted friends owned by each node, and the duration of the simulation times, have been used to study the effects of such factors towards the overall performance of the proposed IDS framework. The results obtained from the experiments proved that the proposed concepts are capable to at least minimise i f not fully eliminate the problem currently faced in MANET IDS

The Perspectives of Individuals with Cognitive Disabilities and/or Autism on Their Lives and Their Problem Behavior.

The purpose of the study was 2-fold: (a) to explore the perceptions of individuals with cognitive disabilities and/ or autism regarding barriers and solutions they have experienced related to problem behavior, and (b) to elicit suggestions on areas viewed as most helpful in increasing quality of life while reducing or eliminating problem behavior. A qualitative method of inquiry using focus groups and individual interviews was used. Several themes emerged from the focus groups, including the difficulties participants experienced with communication; participants’ need for personal decision making and privacy; and the importance of recreation, employment, selection of living situations, and relationships with friends and family members. The article indicates the importance of listening carefully to individuals with disabilities as a first step in improving the quality of their lives