687 research outputs found

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Behavior quantification as the missing link between fields: Tools for digital psychiatry and their role in the future of neurobiology

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    The great behavioral heterogeneity observed between individuals with the same psychiatric disorder and even within one individual over time complicates both clinical practice and biomedical research. However, modern technologies are an exciting opportunity to improve behavioral characterization. Existing psychiatry methods that are qualitative or unscalable, such as patient surveys or clinical interviews, can now be collected at a greater capacity and analyzed to produce new quantitative measures. Furthermore, recent capabilities for continuous collection of passive sensor streams, such as phone GPS or smartwatch accelerometer, open avenues of novel questioning that were previously entirely unrealistic. Their temporally dense nature enables a cohesive study of real-time neural and behavioral signals. To develop comprehensive neurobiological models of psychiatric disease, it will be critical to first develop strong methods for behavioral quantification. There is huge potential in what can theoretically be captured by current technologies, but this in itself presents a large computational challenge -- one that will necessitate new data processing tools, new machine learning techniques, and ultimately a shift in how interdisciplinary work is conducted. In my thesis, I detail research projects that take different perspectives on digital psychiatry, subsequently tying ideas together with a concluding discussion on the future of the field. I also provide software infrastructure where relevant, with extensive documentation. Major contributions include scientific arguments and proof of concept results for daily free-form audio journals as an underappreciated psychiatry research datatype, as well as novel stability theorems and pilot empirical success for a proposed multi-area recurrent neural network architecture.Comment: PhD thesis cop

    It Goes Beyond Product - Business Innovativeness and Consumer's New Values Adoption

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    The concept of consumer behavior in today’s trend of competitiveness has been enriched by the study on consumer’s adaptation to new values. More specifically in this new era of digital technology business has been able to creatively promote values in which consumer’s loyalty is systematically developed. Business sells beyond product. Hierarchical regression and One-way Anova were employed to show the dynamic process of new values adoption. The respondents were Generation Z in Palembang – Indonesia. Within this scheme the process of new values adoption is conditioned by the innovative capacity of the business ie. innovativeness that attracts the market to learn newness. Consequently, consumer has become more advanced in his involvement to adapt with the innovativeness of the business. This conceptual research intends to rationalize the dynamic of consumer’s new values adoption within the frame of business innovativeness

    24th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa)

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    Trend assessment of changing climate patterns over the major agro-climatic zones of Sindh and Punjab

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    The agriculture sector, due to its significant dependence on climate patterns and water availability, is highly vulnerable to changing climate patterns. Pakistan is an agrarian economy with 30% of its land area under cultivation and 93% of its water resources being utilized for agricultural production. Therefore, the changing climate patterns may adversely affect the agriculture and water resources of the country. This study was conducted to assess the climate variations over the major agro-climatic zones of Sindh and Punjab, which serve as an important hub for the production of major food and cash crops in Pakistan. For this purpose, the climate data of 21 stations were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator method for the period 1990–2022. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that, in Sindh, the mean annual temperature rose by ~0.1 to 1.4°C, with ~0.1 to 1.2°C in cotton-wheat Sindh and 0.8 to 1.4°C in rice-other Sindh during the study period. Similarly, in Punjab, the mean annual temperature increased by ~0.1 to 1.0°C, with 0.6 to 0.9°C in cotton-wheat Punjab and 0.2 to 0.6°C in rainfed Punjab. Seasonally, warming was found to be highest during the spring season. The precipitation analysis showed a rising annual precipitation trend in Sindh (+30 to +60 mm) and Punjab (+100 to 300 mm), while the monsoon precipitation increased by ~50 to 200 mm. For winter precipitation, an upward trend was found in mixed Punjab, while the remaining stations showed a declining pattern. Conclusively, the warming temperatures as found in the analysis may result in increased irrigation requirements, soil moisture desiccation, and wilting of crops, ultimately leading to low crop yield and threatening the livelihoods of local farmers. On the other hand, the increasing precipitation may favor national agriculture in terms of less freshwater withdrawals. However, it may also result in increased rainfall-induced floods inundating the crop fields and causing water logging and soil salinization. The study outcomes comprehensively highlighted the prevailing climate trends over the important agro-climatic zones of Pakistan, which may aid in devising an effective climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy to ensure the state of water and food security in the country

    Breaking together: a freedom-loving response to collapse

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    The collapse of modern societies has already begun. That is the conclusion of two years of research by the interdisciplinary team behind the book 'Breaking Together'. How did it come to this? Because monetary systems caused us to harm each other and nature to such an extent it broke the foundations of our societies. So what can we do? This book describes people allowing the full pain of our predicament to liberate them into living more courageously and creatively. They demonstrate we can be breaking together, not apart, in this era of collapse. Professor Jem Bendell argues that reclaiming our freedoms is essential to soften the fall and regenerate the natural world. Escaping the efforts of panicking elites, we can advance an ecolibertarian agenda for both politics and practical action in a broken world. Endorsing the text, the founder of Schumacher College, Satish Kumar, remarked: “this is a prophetic book.

    Science Policy Conference on Gender-Responsive Climate-Smart Agriculture for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa

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    The content of this report is a mixed bag of experiences and lessons, from plain field experience and case stories to document reviews and rigorous scientific results, all generating credible evidence to inform policy. In each breakout room, participants had a very vibrant engagement with the presenters, eliciting very valuable lessons

    Utvrđivanje povezanosti genotipa i fenotipa hipertrofične kardiomiopatije primenom mašinskog učenja

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    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevailing heritable cardiomyopathy. HCM is diagnosed by the existence of left ventricular hypertrophy despite the lack of abnormal loading conditions causing it. HCM is a heterogeneous disease regarding genetic mutations. Clinical manifestations and prognosis vary widely as well. Some patients are completely asymptomatic, in some others, severe heart failure and sudden cardiac death may arise. Definitive genotype-phenotype associations are still unknown. Machine learning (ML) is a subdiscipline of artificial intelligence, wherein computer algorithms are used for learning complex patterns from data. The aim of this research was to decipher genotype-phenotype associations in HCM using ML. The study was multi-centric and retroprospective, and involved 143 adult HCM patients. Medical and family history, anthropometric measurements, genetic testing, blood markers, transthoracic echocardiography with Doppler, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), ECG and ECG-holter-monitoring data were collected and further analysed. HCM subphenotypes were identified using clustering. Associations of genotype and phenotype were evaluated used Python modules Scikit-learn and SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP). Genotype-specific echocardiogram findings were identified using Python deep learning (DL) and computer vision library Fast AI, by generation of DL models for classification of ultrasonic images, and later analysis of the most decisive image regions. Four HCM subtypes were identified based on the overall phenotypic appearance: cluster 0 (“AHOLD”), distinguishable by aortic root diameter (AO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), with values mostly AO > 30 mm, and LDH > 300 U/L; cluster 1 (“RVSP ASCAOVS”), distinguishable by right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP), diameter of ascending aorta (AscAO), and aortic leaflet separation diameter (AOvs), with the values of RVSP 27 m/s; cluster 2 (“weight”), recognizable by weight, wherein values being mostly > 95 kg; and cluster 3 (“AV LVOT PG”) distinguishable by aortic valve mean pressure gradient (AV meanPG), aortic valve peak pressure gradient (AV maxPG), and left ventricular outflow tract peak gradient (LVOT maxPG) wherein AV maxPG > 15 mmHg, AV meanPG > 6 mmHg, and LVOT maxPG > 15 mmHg. ML algorithms confirmed that the determination of genotype-phenotype associations in HCM is a cumbersome task. Two phenotypic outcomes that can be predicted from mutated genes are the absence or presence of sinus rhythm and the absence or presence of myocardial injury. Models predicting the absence or presence of sinus rhythm had similar performance when they were built using only causative genes and when using all analyzed genes, indicating potential importance of causative genes and irrelevance of non-causative genes for that outcome. On the other hand, models predicting myocardial injury — infarction had better performance when they were built using all analyzed genes (and not just causative ones), indicating a potentially significant role of non-causative genes in that outcome. The ML algorithms were able to predict phenotypic outcomes — fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, syncope, heart murmur, pretibial edema, systolic anterior motion, papillary muscle abnormalities, hypokinesia, atrial fibrillation (AF), first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), left anterior hemiblock, ST segment abnormalities, and negative T wave — using genotypic and phenotypic data. The combination of a mutation in TNNT2 and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER) contributed the most in predicting fatigue. The combination of a mutation in MYBPC3 and peak VO2 contributed the most in predicting dyspnea. The combination of a mutation in TNNI3 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level contributed the most in predicting chest pain. The combination of a mutation in MYH7 and pacemaker/defibrillator implants in family history, as well as the combination of a mutation in TNNT2 and left atrial volume (LAV), contributed the most in predicting heart murmur. Lastly, the combination of a mutation in MYBPC3 and transmitral maximal pressure gradient (MV maxPG) aided the most in predicting negative T wave. Genotype-specific echocardiogram findings were identified: for mutations in the MYH7 gene (vs. mutation not detected), the most discriminative structures are the left ventricular outflow tract, septum, anterior wall, apex, right ventricle, and mitral apparatus; for mutations in the TNNT2 gene (vs. mutation not detected), the most discriminative structures are septum and right ventricle; while for mutations in MYBPC3 gene (vs. mutation not detected) these are septum, left ventricle, and left ventricle chamber. ML has thus been demonstrated to be useful in deciphering genotype-phenotype associations in HCM.Hipertrofična kardiomiopatija (HCM) je najčešća nasledna kardiomiopatija. Dijagnoza HCM se postavlja na osnovu prisustva hipertrofije leve komore, uz isključivanje drugih uzroka hipertrofije. U pogledu genetičkih mutacija, HCM je heterogena bolest. Kliničke manifestacije i prognoza takođe mogu da budu veoma različite. Kod nekih pacijenata HCM je potpuno asimptomatska, dok kod drugih mogu da se razviju teška srčana insuficijencija i iznenadna srčana smrt. Povezanost genotipa i fenotipa HCM još uvek nije u potpunosti utvrđena. Mašinsko učenje je subdisciplina veštačke inteligencije u kojoj se kompjuterski algoritmi koriste za učenje kompleksnih šablona iz podataka. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bilo utvrđivanje povezanosti genotipa i fenotipa HCM primenom mašinskog učenja. Studija je bila multicentrična i retroprospektivna, obuhvatila je 143 odrasla pacijenta sa potvrđenom dijagnozom HCM. Anamnestički podaci, antropometrijska merenja, rezultati genetičkog testiranja, biohemijskih analiza, nalazi transtorakalne ehokardiografije sa doplerom, kardiopulmonalnog testa fizičkim opterećenjem, elektrokardiograma (EKG) i EKG-holter-monitoringa su prikupljeni i korišćeni u daljoj analizi. HCM subfenotipi su identifikovani klasterizacijom. Povezanost genotipa i fenotipa je evaluirana korišćenjem Python modula Scikit-learn i SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP). Genotip-specifični nalazi ehokardiograma su identifikovani korišćenjem Python biblioteke za duboko učenje i računarski vid Fast AI, izradom modela za klasifikaciju ehokardiograma i naknadnom analizom regiona koji su najviše doprineli razlikovanju klasa. Četiri podtipa HCM su identifikovana na osnovu svih dostupnih podataka o fenotipu: klaster 0 (“AHOLD”), koji se razlikuje od ostalih na osnovu prečnika korena aorte (AO) i laktat dehidrogenaze (LDH), pri čemu su vrednosti AO > 30 mm i LDH > 300 U/L; klaster 1 (“RVSP ASCAOVS”), koji se razlikuje od ostalih na osnovu sistolnog pritiska desne komore (RVSP), dijametra ascedentne aorte (AscAO), i separacije aortnih kuspisa (AOvs), pri čemu su vrednosti AOvs > 27 m/s, AscAO 95 kg; i klaster 3 (“AV LVOT PG”) koji se razlikuje od ostalih na osnovu srednjeg gradijenta pritisaka nad aortnom valvulom (AV meanPG), maksimalnog gradijenta pritisaka nad aortnom valvulom (AV maxPG), i maksimalnog gradijenta pritisaka nad izlaznim traktom leve komore (LVOT maxPG), pri čemu su vrednosti AV maxPG > 15 mmHg, AV meanPG > 6 mmHg, i LVOT maxPG > 15 mmHg. Algoritmi mašinskog učenja su potvrdili da utvrđivanje povezanosti genotipa i fenotipa HCM nije jednostavan zadatak. Predikcija ishoda fenotipa na osnovu informacije o mutiranim genima je moguća za prisustvo ili odsustvo sinusnog ritma i prisustvo ili odsustvo oštećenja miokarda. Modeli koji vrše predikciju prisustva ili odsustva sinusnog ritma su imali slične performanse kada su izrađeni samo na osnovu uzročnih gena za HCM i kada su izrađeni na osnovu svih analiziranih gena što sugeriše mogući značaj uzročnih gena za HCM i irelevantnost drugih analiziranih gena za ovaj ishod. Modeli koji vrše predikciju oštećenja miokarda su imali bolje performanse kada su korišćeni podaci o svim analiziranim genima (a ne samo o uzročnim genima za HCM), što sugeriše moguću važnu ulogu gena koji nisu uzročni, za ovaj ishod. Algoritmi mašinskog učenja su izvršili predikciju sledećih ishoda na osnovu podataka o genotipu i fenotipu: zamor, dispneja, bol u grudima, palpitacije, sinkopa, šum na srcu, pretibijalni edem, pokretanje mitralnog zalistka unapred (SAM), abnormalnost papilarnih mišića, hipokinezija, atrijalna fibrilacija, atrioventrikularni blok prvog stepena, blok leve grane (LBBB), blok desne grane (RBBB), prednji levi hemiblok, abnormalnosti ST segmenta, i negativni T talas. Prilikom predikcije zamora, najveći doprinos je imala kombinacija mutacije u TNNT2 i maksimalnog odnosa disajne razmene (RER). Prilikom predikcije dispneje najveći doprinos imala je kombinacija mutacije u MYBPC3 i vršne potrošnje kiseonika (peak VO2). Prilikom predikcije bola u grudima, najveći doprinos je imala kombinacija mutacije u TNNI3 i koncentracije lipoproteina visoke gustine (eng. high-density lipoprotein, HDL). Prilikom predikcije šuma na srcu najveći doprinos imala je kombinacija mutacije u MYH7 i podatka o implantiranju pejsmejkera/defibrilatora u porodičnoj istoriji, kao i kombinacija mutacije u TNNT2 i zapremine leve pretkomore (LAV). Prilikom predikcije negativnog T talasa, najveći doprinos imala je kombinacija mutacije u MYBPC3 i vrednosti transmitralnog maksimalnog gradijenta pritiska (MV maxPG). Identifikovani su genotip-specifični nalazi ehokardiograma: za mutaciju u MYH7 genu (nasuprot negativnom rezultatu na mutacije u analiziranim genima), strukture koje najviše utiču na raspoznavanje su septum, izlazni trakt leve komore (LVOT), prednji zid, vrh srca, desna komora i mitralni aparat; za mutaciju u TNNT2 genu (nasuprot negativnom rezultatu na mutacije u analiziranim genima) strukture koje najviše utiču na raspoznavanje su septum i desna komora; dok su za mutaciju u MYBPC3 genu (nasuprot negativnom rezultatu na mutacije u analiziranim genima) ove strukture septum, leva komora i šupljina leve komore. Mašinsko učenje je na ovaj način doprinelo u određenoj meri izučavanju povezanosti genotipa i fenotipa HCM
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